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Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26861623     DOI : https://doi.org/10.5614/crbb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology
The Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology (CRBB) encourages researchers to publish works related to the use of the biosciences and biotechnology in understanding the world around us. From Health and Medicine to Advanced Materials, these state-of-the-art research offer novel insights in a multidisciplinary environment. We encourage scientists to submit papers focusing on the following broad topics: Health and Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacology and Toxicology Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology Agriculture Bio-Energy Marine Sciences Advanced Materials Environmental Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 77 Documents
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Comparison of the effect of Sumbawa honey and sucrose as extracellular cryoprotectants on viability, morphology, and phenotype stability of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood Samuel Febrian Wijaya; Retno Lestari; Inna Rahmawati; Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar; Robby Nuraditya; Iqbal Fasha; Gita Pratama; Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/CBWGKPBX

Abstract

Cryopreservation is a common practice for the long-term storage and maintenance of the quality of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) from Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB). Cryomedium containing 10% DMSO is the standard intracellular cryoprotectant agent (CPA) in HSC cryopreservation. However, DMSO is toxic to both cells and patients during transplantation. Therefore, the concentration of DMSO needs to be reduced by adding extracellular CPAs, such as sucrose or Sumbawa honey. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of Sumbawa honey and sucrose as extracellular CPAs to protect HSC CD34+ during cryopreservation. This in vitro study was designed using cryomedium consisting of 10% DMSO as a control, 5% DMSO + 5% Sumbawa honey, and 5% DMSO + 5% sucrose. The results showed that the cryoprotectant containing 5% DMSO + 5% Sumbawa honey had a positive effect and a significant difference (p<0.05) compared with 5% DMSO + 5% sucrose on the viability and morphology of HSC. However, the mean reduction in phenotype stability as indicated by the decrease in percentage CD34+ in the 10% DMSO (6.90 ± 8.60), 5% DMSO + 5% sucrose (10.60 ± 9.20), and 5% DMSO + 5% Sumbawa honey (8.60 ± 11.50) showed no significant difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of DMSO and Sumbawa honey was able to maintain the viability, morphology, and phenotype stability of HSC. Therefore, honey can be used as an alternative cryoprotectant for the cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Biohydrometallurgy: paving the way for a greener future of mineral processing in Indonesia - A mini review Siti Khodijah Chaerun; Ronny Winarko; Frideni Yushandiana
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/8KIZ3AOE

Abstract

Biohydrometallurgy, a technology that employs microorganisms for metal extraction, has existed since the 1960s. As environmental regulations tighten and the quality and complexity of available ores for processing decline, this technology offers an alternative for mineral processing. Several countries, including South Africa, Russia, Chile, Australia, the United States, China, Burma, New Zealand, Peru, Uzbekistan, and Ghana, have used this method commercially in copper processing plants and gold and silver processing plants. In Indonesia, this method has not been developed or applied industrially. Given the challenges of limited capital and low-grade ore processing in the future, proposing biohydrometallurgical processing in Indonesia is worthwhile. Globally, biohydrometallurgy has become a significant area of research focus. In Indonesia, however, the investigation of biohydrometallurgy is primarily conducted at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). This specific line of investigation was initiated in 2009, with an emphasis on extracting nickel (Ni) from laterite ores. Additional investigations have been undertaken to explore the extraction of metals including copper (Cu) and gold (Au). This review paper also summarizes ongoing laboratory-scale studies encompassing the extraction of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), rare earth elements (REEs), lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and the application of phytomining technology and coal biomining. The research outcomes to date present a promising and potentially scalable perspective that could be advanced to pilot plant implementation and industrial application within Indonesia.
Sun protection factor and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of several plant secondary metabolites Raihana Mufliha Fatharani; Ula Aulia Fitrian; Sumail Sidik Ode Ishak; Amirah Adlia
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/VCLQ3ADV

Abstract

Severe exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays leads to skin damage, including hyperpigmentation, freckles, melanoma, age spots, and melasma, all of which are related to the skin pigment enzyme, tyrosinase. Prevention can be achieved by avoiding harsh UV rays and inhibiting tyrosinase catalytic activity. Many compounds have been developed for the treatment of such conditions; however, most come with unwanted side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the sun protection factor (SPF) value and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of plant secondary metabolites with high antioxidant activity, namely rutin, catechin, niazirin, piperine, quercetin, and quercitrin, as potential alternatives. Both tests were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. SPF determination was performed by observing the absorbances across a wavelength range of 290 to 320 nm. The determination of anti-tyrosinase activity was conducted by measuring dopachrome at 490 nm after enzymatic reactions and calculating the IC50 value. In the SPF assay, benzophenone-3 was used as the standard, and piperine, rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin exhibited high protective abilities with SPF values above 30 at 500 µg/mL. In the tyrosinase inhibition assay, kojic acid as the standard showed a strong potential for inhibition with an IC50 of 33.65 µg/mL, while quercetin, rutin, and piperine exhibited weaker inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 178.44, 271.73, and 347.62 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, quercitrin and niazirin showed little to no tyrosinase inhibition activity. However, catechin demonstrated more catalytic activity towards the enzyme. In conclusion, quercetin, rutin, and piperine have the potential to be developed as active ingredients to protect the skin from UV-induced damage due to their satisfactory SPF values and tyrosinase inhibition activity.
Assessment of nutritional value and investigation of biological activities of Hylocereus costariscensis Md. Mostafa Hossain; Mohammad Shoeb
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/TT1LHNS7

Abstract

Hylocereus costariscensis (Dragon fruit), an edible cactus species of the Cactaceae family, is rich in essential nutrients like antioxidants, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins. The aim of the study was to analyze the proximate composition and investigate the biological activities of the edible parts (flesh and seed) of H. costariscensis cultivated in Bangladesh. Air-dried fruits were successively extracted by n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. The moisture and ash contents of the fruits were found to be 85.95 ± 0.53% and 0.99 ± 0.02%, respectively. UV and FT-IR spectral analysis showed the presence of different functional groups, which might be due to the presence of fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. The total carbohydrate content was 10.52g/100g as determined by the modified Molisch method. Fatty acid analysis revealed the presence of octanoic acid (5%), palmitic acid (16%), octadecanoic acid (41%), cis-9-oleic acid (29%), and linoleic acid (6%). The total phenolic content of different extracts was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau method, and the value was found to be higher in the methanol extract (151.05 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g) than in the other two extracts. Total flavonoid content and total antioxidant content were determined by the aluminum chloride method and the phosphomolybdate assay, respectively. The methanol extract exhibited the highest activities (91.54 ± 0.22 mg QE/g and 40.08 ± 0.21 mg AAE/g, respectively) among all extracts in both cases.
Chemical and biological activity studies of Averrhoa carambola L. Sharmin Shahjahan; Mohammad Shoeb; Md. Mazharul Islam; Md. Iqbal Rouf Mamun; Md. Nazrul Islam
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.5.1/0UFAMUR3

Abstract

Averrhoa carambola L., belonging to the Oxalidaceae family is one of the popular fruits in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to isolate and purify secondary metabolites from A. carambola leaves and investigate phytochemical properties, fatty acid, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity in both fruits and leaves. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of lignins, quinones, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, carbohydrates, steroids, and terpenoids. Repeated column chromatography of the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of leaves yielded three compounds: β-sitosterol, 6,9-dieneoctadeca-1-ol, and palmitic acid, characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The n-hexane extract of the fruit showed the presence of palmitoleic acid (20.94%) and octadecanoic acid (48.48%), while palmitoleic acid (6.47%), octadecanoic acid (23.23%), and behenic acid (41.70%) predominated in the leaves. For DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the IC50 value of methanol (MeOH) extracts was found to be 16.71 and 27.30 µg/mL in fruits and leaves, respectively, which is lower than that of n-hexane (IC50 value 282.46 and 78.65 µg/mL in fruits and leaves, respectively) and DCM (IC50 value 32.98 and 39.38 µg/mL in fruits and leaves, respectively) extracts. None of the extracts showed significant antibacterial or antifungal activities. Cytotoxicity assay was performed on HeLa and Vero cell lines, and only the DCM extract of fruits exhibited cytotoxicity on the Vero cell line.
Anti-HBsAg IgY polyclonal antibodies potential as capture antibody for HBsAg detection kit development A'yun, Ramadhani Qurrota; Hakim, Meutia Diva; Giri-Rachman , Ernawati Arifin; Tan, Marselina; Niloperbowo, Wardono
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.5.2/UBVBMKPZ

Abstract

Hepatitis B, affecting about 296 million globally, is a significant concern, with Indonesia ranking second in Southeast Asia for case numbers. The disease's latent initial phase, devoid of early symptoms upon hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, highlights the demand for precise diagnostics. This research aimed to develop anti-HBsAg polyclonal antibodies (pAb) for application as capture agents within a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chicken egg-derived IgY antibodies have advantages over mammalian ones due to simpler extraction and higher yield. In a study involving 21-week-old chickens, four intramuscular injections of 500 µg HBsAg antigen in Freund's adjuvant were administered at two-week intervals. Eggs as IgY source were collected daily and then IgY was isolated from eggyolk using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The Bradford method was used to measure the total protein concentration, while the existence of IgY and pAb specific IgY against Anti-HBsAg was verified through SDS-PAGE and sandwich ELISA using HRP as a reporter, respectively. The resulting SDS-PAGE showed two distinct IgY bands: a 68 kDa heavy chain and a 23 kDa light chain. Using these anti-HBsAg IgY antibodies as capturing agents, the slightly elevation of IgY pAb against HBsAg level has been identified within the second week following the initial immunization. Subsequently, from the third to the eighth week, antibody levels escalated significantly, ranging from 2 to 13-fold higher than those observed in the second week. These findings suggest the potential use of IgY pAb as effective capture antibodies in sandwich ELISA for HBsAg antigen detection.
Evaluating complete silage for goat feeding in Gorontalo, Indonesia Sayuti, Muh.; Syahrudin; Sahara, Laode; Rachman, Agus Bahar; Metaragakusuma, Andi Patiware; Febrisiantosa, Andi Febrisiantosa
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.5.2/NEHZ10BA

Abstract

Forage shortages and inconsistent quality in developing countries pose significant challenges to the small ruminant sector. Feeding ruminants with conserved forages is crucial to address this issue and ensure successful ruminant management in developing countries. The use of sorghum crops mixed with grasses as fermentation feed has gained thought because of its high protein efficiency, relatively high digestible energy, and total digestible nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in Gorontalo local goats fed complete silage with varying levels of mixed concentrations of sorghum straw with grasses. Sixteen male Gorontalo local goats were preferred from the local area and randomly divided into four groups using a completely randomized design (CRD). Over 84 days, four different complete silage diets (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were given to goats. The goats' daily nutrient intake, digestibility, and growth performance were analyzed. The T1 diet consisted of 30% grass and 60% sorghum straw, the T2 diet included 20% grass and 70% sorghum straw, the T3 diet contained 10% grass and 60% sorghum straw, and the T4 diet had no grass and 90% sorghum straw. The study found that the dry matter intake (DMI) of goats ranged from 330.2 to 335.1 g/day, approximately 3% of their body weight. The digestibility values of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and energy decreased as the amount of sorghum straw in the silage rations increased. The average daily gain (ADG) (gr/day) in T1, T2, T3, and T4 was affected, with T1 showing the highest ADG (43.2) and T4 showing the lowest (40.3). The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) value was also influenced, with T1 and T2 showing the best FCR (7.8 and 7.7) and T3 showing the worst (8.2). Based on these findings, it is recommended to limit the amount of sorghum straw to 60%-70% in complete silage for local goats in Gorontalo, especially in tropical areas where goats are common and sorghum is readily available.
Isolation of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor from titanus (Leea aequata L.) Bangar, Roy; Ningsih, Kurnia Nastira; Kartasasmita, Rahmana Emran; Insanu, Muhamad
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.6.1/XCGSRS5W

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Indonesia was ranked fourth globally, with over 12 million people suffering from diabetes. Natural-based drugs can be an alternative for treating diabetes with fewer side effects and are expected to be more economical than conventional drugs. One of the plant families used to reduce blood glucose levels is the Vitaceae family. One of the Vitaceae species currently used for traditional medicine is Leea aequata. This study aimed to isolate active compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitor activity from titanus plant. This study began with collecting leaf, fruit, and stem samples from titanus plants that grow in North Sumatra. The extraction method used was maceration using ethanol 96%. The isolation stage started with fractionation, followed by purification with column chromatography, in which TLC monitored for each process. α-glucosidase in testing was carried out on extracts, fractions, and isolates using a reagent Multiscan microplate reader at 400 nm. Compound identification was done using spectrodensitometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The IC50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction (2.4±0.02 µg/mL) was higher than the ethanol extract (8.96 ± 0.44 µg/mL), n-hexane fraction (21±0.61 µg/mL), and water fraction (16.96 ± 0.38 µg/mL), so it was continued to the isolation stage. The isolated compound was characterized as 3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone 3-rhamnoside (quercitrin) with the IC50 was 12.25 ± 0.2 µg/mL.
Unlocking copper flotation efficiency: the interaction of Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4 with chalcopyrite concentrate as a potential eco-friendly reagent alternative Sanwani, Edy; Wahyuningsih, Tri; Winarko, Ronny; Chaerun, Siti Khodijah
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.6.1/9BYQTYQ7

Abstract

This research explores the viability of bioflotation as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical reagents in processing copper sulfide ores. It primarily focuses on the interactions between bacterial cells and chalcopyrite concentrate. A key objective is to identify bacterial strains suitable for use as bioflotation reagents. The study specifically examines the interaction between Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4, a bacterium native to sulfur-rich environments, and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) concentrates over a 30-day period. This bacterium is known for its ability to produce biosurfactants and oxidize iron and sulfur, making it an ideal candidate for various roles in bioflotation, such as biocollectors, biodepressants, and biofrothers. Experimental setups involved mixing chalcopyrite concentrates (-200+325 mesh, 25% w/v) with the bacterial strain (10% v/v) in modified LB media under aerobic conditions with constant shaking. Periodic sampling facilitated subsequent analyses. Results indicated biosurfactant production by the bacteria, as evidenced by the detection of hydroxyl (OH) groups, amine (NH) groups, and glycosidic bonds (C-O-C), along with the identification of hydrophilic C=O groups through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) analysis, suggesting the presence of biodepressant, biocollector, and biofrother properties. Surface tension measurements consistently showed values below that of water (71 mN/m), supporting the biosurfactants' potential as flotation biofrothers and biocollectors. These findings suggest that employing Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4 could substantially reduce the environmental impact of using chemical reagents in the flotation process. This study not only proposes a sustainable substitute for traditional flotation reagents but also demonstrates the potential of bioflotation to improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of copper sulfide ore processing. The adoption of microorganisms as bioflotation reagents could transform the mineral processing industry by minimizing chemical use and environmental impact, contributing to more sustainable mining practices.
The effect of paraquat dichloride and carbosulfan on soil conditions and population dynamic of soil microbes in a cornfield: a case study in Sumedang, West Java Taufikurahman, Taufik; Aryantha, I Nyoman P; Purwasena, Isty Adhitya; Zahra, Muhandinni; Stefania, Marchia; Fitriyani, Azizah Nur Fitriyani
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.5.2/BQCGURSN

Abstract

Paraquat dichloride (PC) is one of the herbicides active ingredients that is widely used by farmers to control various types of weeds, while carbosulfan (CS) is one of the insecticide’s active ingredients that is widely used to control various types of insect pests. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of pesticides for PC and CS on the chemical and physical conditions of the soil and the dynamics of fungi and soil bacteria population in a corn field in Sumedang district, West Java. The experiment took place between August and October, during the dry season, concluding just as the rainy season began. The PC concentrations used were 0 mL/L, 3.33 mL/L, 4 mL/L, 4.66 mL/L and 5.33 mL/L, while the CS concentrations used were 0 mL/L, 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L, 1.5 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Soil sampling was conducted before and after the application of pesticides. The total abundance of fungi and bacteria was analyzed using the total plate count (TPC) method. The application of PC to the cornfield slightly decreased soil bulk density from 1.354 g/cm3 to 0.816 g/cm3, while the application of CS slightly increased soil bulk density. A decrease in bulk density is considered positive for the physical conditions of the soil for plant cultivation. In general, the result indicated that the application of PC and CS did not show a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of the soil, and also it did not affect the population of fungi and bacteria. Weather conditions, i.e. dry season (June-September) and rainy season (started from October) seem to affect more on soil conditions as well soil microbial population than the application of the pesticides.

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