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Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
ISSN : 14125269     EISSN : 23546700     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia (JAI) merupakan salah satu sarana penyebarluasan informasi hasil-hasil penelitian serta kemajuan iptek dalam bidang akuakultur yang dikelola oleh Departemen Budidaya Perairan, FPIK–IPB. Sejak tahun 2005 penerbitan jurnal dilakukan 2 kali per tahun setiap bulan Januari dan Juli. Jumlah naskah yang diterbitkan per tahun relatif konsisten yaitu 23–30 naskah per tahun atau minimal 200 halaman.
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Articles 569 Documents
Organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests of artificial feed for milk fish substituted by earthworm meal (Lumbricus sp.) Aslamyah, Siti; Karim, Muh. Yusri
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (956.169 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.124-131

Abstract

Earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) is very prospective as milkfish feed raw materials to substitute fish meal. Type of raw material and the exact composition will generate artificial feed quality with high levels of water stability, desirable, and safe for the fish. The purpose of this study to evaluate the quality of milkfish feed at different levels of fish meal substitution with earthworms (Lumbricus sp.) based on organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests. The treatments tested levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal in artificial feed milkfish, namely: feed A (0%); feed B (34,62%); feed C (65,38%) and feed D (100%). The organoleptic and physical test showed that all the feed has a smooth texture, pungent aroma, and brown in color, with good water stability (rupture velocity ranged from 91,25±1,47 up to 92,87±1,67 minutes and dispersion of solids 11,14±1,55 up to 11,87±1,3%), hardness 84±0,18 up to 84,71±1,24%, sinking velocity 5,07±0,68 up to 5,64±0,17 cm/sec, the level of homogeneity of 81,34±0,17 up to 85,68±1,85%, the allure of 0,62±0,58 up to 0,65±0,12 cm/sec and delicious power of 0,059±0,024 up to 0,067±0,032 g/fish weight/day. The quality of feed is chemically with moisture content ranging from 8,4–9,1%, 16,7–19,46% ash, 31,07–32,37%, protein, 6,67–7,58% fat, crude fiber 7,45–7,87%, NFE (nitrogen free extracts) 35,35–35,48%. Results show that different levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) produces the same feed quality and contains nutrients in a range requirement milkfish. Accordingly, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) can be substituted for fish meal in fish milk feed artificial up to 100%.Keywords: substitution, fish meal, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.), artificial feed, milkfish
Growth, feed conversion and retention, and proximate of eel juvenile treated by immersion of recombinant giant grouper growth hormone Handoyo, Boyun; Alimuddin, .; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (929.363 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.132-140

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the immersion dose of recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH) to increase growth of eel juvenile (glass eel). After shock salinity treatment (NaCl 3% for 2 min), glass eel were immersed in water containing 0.9% NaCl, 0.01% bovine serum albumin, and different of dose of rElGH (0, 0.12, 1.2, 12 and 120 mg/L). Glass eel were fed on blood worm for the first month, and commercial diet for the second month of rearing. Fish rearing was performed in 60 L glass aquarium at density of 150 fish per aquarium. The results showed that higher in growth body weight was obtained in immersion dose of 12 mg/L, by increment of about 37.4% higher compared to that of control. The immersion dose of 12 mg/L also increased specific growth rate by 29.3% higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Furthermore, at that immersion treatment, feed conversion ratio of blood worm and commercial diet decreased by 33.7% and 25.6% compared to control, respectively. Protein (7.15±0.08%) and lipid (9.95±0.10%) retentions in 12 mg/L rElGH-treated fish were higher (p<0.05) than those of control (protein 6.17±0.07%; lipid 5.73±0.06%). Lower in protein content (12.73%), while higher content in lipid (8.35%) and crude carbohydrate (3.22%) were found in 12 mg/L rElGH-treated fish compared to those of control (13.24%, 5.90%, and 1.76%, respectively). Thus, in general, rElGH immersion dose of 12 mg/L could generate high performances of eel juvenile, and application of rElGH can be useful to increase aquaculture eel production.Keywords: immersion dose, growth hormone, growth, glass eel
Growth and viability of juvenile humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) supplemented with inorganic and organic selenium Hamzah, Muhaimin; Suprayudi, Muhammad Agus; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo; Manalu, Wasmen
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1458.581 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.141-152

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) and organic selenium (selenomethionine) supplementation on growth and viability of juvenile humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment being tested was source and dosages of selenium ie., inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) supplementation with dosages of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg Se/kg diet and organic selenium (selenomethionine) with dosages of 1, 2, and 4 mg Se/kg diet. Another treatment was unsupplemented selenium. Juveniles humpback grouper at an initial average length of 6,39±0,41 cm and body weight of 4,49±0,65 g were reared in 90×40×35 cm3 aquaria and fed artificial diet (pellet) two times daily (08.00 and 16.00) at satiation. Fishes were reared for 40 days at a stocking density of 12 fish per aquarium on sea water with salinity of 30–31 ppt and temperature of 28–29 °C. The results of this study showed that the source of selenium supplementation (inorganic or organic) affected growth performance, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, and blood profiles of the experimental fish. Generally, it was found that selenomethionine supplementation resulted in better fish performance than sodium selenite. In sodium selenite supplementation, survival declined with the increased dosages of Se in the diet, and the supplementation at dosage of 0,5 mg Se/kg diet showed a toxic effects. Histopatological test showed that there were damage in livers, kidneys, and intestines of fish supplemented with sodium selenite from 0.5 to 4 mg Se/kg diet. On the contrary, supplementation of selenomethionine up to 4 mg Se/kg did not show any signs of toxicity and the survival was on 86.11 to 97.22%. Feed efficiency, protein retention, lipid retention, and Se retention indicated that a dosage of 4 mg Se/kg selenomethionine supplementation was the best dosage.Keywords: selenium, viability, growth, Cromileptes altivelis, humpback grouper
The effect of different feed on the spawning performance of mud crab Scylla serrata broodstock Pattiasina, Bethsy J.; Jamal, Endang; Pattinasarany, Agapery Y.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1015.759 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.153-161

Abstract

Mud crab is one of the 12 aquaculture commodities of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Control of reproduction to increase seed production through feed improvement, is one of the challenges and strategies in the mud crab aquaculture. Due to lack of knowledge about broodstock nutrition lead to producing rate of seeds still relatively low. This study aimed to obtain information on the kind of feed that has specific nutrient and plays a role in increasing the success of spawning and zoea survival. Mud crab of Scylla serrata with initial weight of 500.7±103.4 g, preferably under developed gonads were maintained in a fiber tank measuring length of 2.48 m, width 1.26 m, and a height of 60 cm which is partition sealed into 30×40×60 cm3 to put one crab. Tank was equipped with sand as a substrate as high as 15 cm and seawater system with flow rate of 1 L per six minutes and 25 cm high water. Treatments were consisted of: 1. PI (fresh meat fish of Decapterus sp. with dose of 5%), 2. PSC (fresh meat mixture of Decapterus sp. 1.8%, 3% of squid, and shrimp 1.2%), 3. PB (artificial feed dose of 10%) of BW, each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters measured were the duration of ovarian to mature, egg diameter, hatching rate, fecundity, and zoea production. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The quality of larval measured by survival and larval fat and protein content. The results showed that crabs treated by PI and PSC showed faster to get mature compared to PB treatment (p<0.05). Hatching rate of larvae in PSC treatment was higher compared to PI and PB treatments (p<0.05). Furthermore, all treatments did not affect egg diameter, fecundity, and the number of zoea (p>0.05). In conclusion, crab which fed fresh meat (PI and PSC) could get mature earlier, and have high percentage of the larval hatching than those of fed by PB. In fact that larvae from broodstock feed of PI has survival as well as protein and fat content were higher than those of fed by PB.Keywords: spawning perform, broodstock feed, mud crab (Scylla serrata)
Growth and survival of giant gourami juvenile immersed in freshwater containing growth hormone Ratnawati, Pustika; Alimuddin, .; Arfah, Harton; Sudrajat, Agus Oman
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (892.808 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.162-167

Abstract

Growth of giant gourami is relatively slow. Administration of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) by severaltimes immersion in water containing 0.9% NaCl for one hour can significantly increase the growth. In thisstudy, giant gourami juvenile were immersed in freshwater containing 120 mg/L rGH to determine the longimmersion time that provides higher growth and survival. Juvenile at seventh-day-old after egg yolk absorbedwas immersed for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 hours in rGH solution. As controls, fish was immersed in freshwaterwithout rGH (control 1: C1), and water containing 0.9% NaCl, and 120 mg/L rGH (control 2: C2). Fish waskept under controlled conditions in 20 L aquarium for three weeks, then in 50 L aquarium until at end ofexperiment, and fed at satiation. The results showed that highest growth in body weight, survival, and biomass(p<0.05) were obtained in rGH immersion treatment for 0.5 hour. Biomass of fish immersed by rGH for 0.5hour was about 32% higher compared to control C1, and 13% compared to C2. Survival of the 0.5 hour rGHimmersedfish (100%) was similar to control C1 and C2. Thus, immersion of giant gourami juvenile infreshwater containing rGH for 0.5 hour allowed highest growth rate, and this method is relatively easy to beadopted by fish hatchery.Keywords: immersion, hormone, growth, freshwater, giant gourami
Additional lime of CaO in rearing medium with salinity for growing of catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus Hastuti, Yuni Puji; Djokosetiyanto, Daniel; Permatasari, Ide
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1235.87 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.168-178

Abstract

Catfish juvenile quality improvements sought through the addition of lime to the availability of minerals in the body. Media maintenance is set at 4‰ salinity aims to reduce the level of osmotic work to reduce energy used for osmoregulation and can be allocated to the growth of catfish. Juvenile-sized fish used 2.59±0.02 cm and weights 0.13±0.01 g. Aquarium measuring 20×20×20 cm3 used 15 units, filled with water salinity of 4% as 6 L per unit, and added lime CaO appropriate treatment. During the study, the fish were fed with 28% protein content three times a day with FR 5%. Addition of CaO treatment dose 0 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L result in the survival rate of 100%, 100%, 100%, 96.29%, and 100% (p>0.05). The growth rate of daily weight 5.196%, 5.212%, 6.596%, 5.35% and 5.101% (p>0.05). Long absolute yield significantly different values are 1.451 cm, 1.518 cm, 1.964 cm, 1.71 cm, and 1.546 cm (p<0.05). During the study, the water quality is within the range that can be tolerated by catfish juvenile. The use of lime in the salinity of 4% is suggested as many as 40 mg/L CaO with the turnover of water every day and feeding enough.Keywords: CaO, salinity, growth, Pangasius hypopthalmus
Duration of feed application of mixed powders of Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in catfish Clarias sp. Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Widiani, Iis; Nuryati, Sri
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1268.129 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.179-189

Abstract

Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila induced serious epidemics of disease in catfish Clarias sp. The purposed of this research was to determine optimum durations of feed application of mixed powders Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum to prevent MAS. Experimental design that used was Complete Random Design which consist of three treatments and three replications. This research tested on three different of durations of feed application of P. niruri and A. sativum, namely A (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during 21 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL IP), B (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during 14 days and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL), C (powder of P. niruri and A. sativum feed application during seven days and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL), and control, namely K- (without P. niruri and A. sativum feed application and injected IP with PBS 0,1 mL) and K+ (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and injected IP with A. hydrophila 0,1 mL). The treatments was given for 21 days before challenging test, at 22th day test in vivo carried out by injecting A. hydrophila (108 CFU/mL) into the fish by intramuscular and observed for 10 days. The highest value of survival rate that consist in treatment K- was 100±0.00%, treatment A was 93.3±11.55%, and treatment B was 73.33±30.55%. While treatment K+ and C have the same survival rate that is, 26.67±11.55%. The application P. niruri and A. sativum powder during 21 days was optimum for preventing MAS in catfish.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Allium sativum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Clarias sp.
The addition of salt in the water media containing zeolite and active charcoal on closed system transportation of gourami fish fry Osphronemus goramy Lac. Nirmala, Kukuh; Hadiroseyani, Yani; Widiasto, Riza Purbo
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1321.792 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.11.190-201

Abstract

Transportation of fish fry with high density in closed system will reduce levels of O2, increasing CO2 and NH3, will also elevate the fish stress so that increase fish mortality. To reduce the effects of increased CO2 and NH3 can be applied by using zeolite and activated charcoal, while to reduce the fish stress is through the addition of salt. This study aims to determine the dose of salt added into the water containing zeolite and activated charcoal in a closed transportation system with a high fry density for 72 hours. The study was conducted two stages, namely the preliminary study and the primary study. The preliminary study involved the observation of the survival rate of fish fry during fasting, oxygen consumption rate of fish fry, the rate of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion of fish fry, and the adsorption capacity of TAN by zeolite and activated charcoal. In the primary study, fry transport simulations was carried out for 72 hours in the laboratory. Gourami fry (body length of 4 cm and body weight of 1.7 g) with the fry density of 50 fish/L were placed in the packing bag which has been filled with zeolite as much as 20 g/L and activated charcoal as much as 10 g/L. The study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and two replications: A: blank (without zeolite, activated charcoal, and salt), B: control (20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal), C: 20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 1 g/L salt, D: 20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 3 g/L of salt, and E: 20 g/ L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 5 g/L salt. The results of preliminary study showed that the survival rate of fish fry was 100% and active swimming for five days without food, the level of oxygen consumption as much as 1340.28 mgO2, produce NH3 as much as 22.64 mg/L, while zeolite and activated charcoal adsorbs >50% of TAN in time of 120 seconds. In the primary study, the survival rate of fish fry during the 72-hour transportation for treatments A, B, C, D, and E, were 0%, 57%, 59%, 65% and 74%, respectively. Treatment E with survival rate of 74% was obtained at NH3 concentration of 0.016±0.069 mg/L and CO2 as high as 89.89 mg/L while the DO of 4.26 mg/L. The highest growth and survival rate of fry for 17 days post-transportation was treatment E, accounting to 2.95% and 100%, respectively.Keywords: zeolite, active charcoal, closed system transportation, survival rate, gourami fish
Testicular cells transplantation of neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi in common carp Cyprinus carpio Firdaus, Muhammad; Alimuddin, .; Sumantadinata, Komar
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4890.106 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.12.1-12

Abstract

ABSTRACT The neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi is one of the most popular ornamental fishes in the world. Its productivity seemed low because of the relatively low fecundity and hard to maintain the spawning condition. Transplantation of neon tetra testicular cells to common carp as surrogate broodstock, is a potential breakthrough for mass production of juvenile. We developed testicular cell transplantation by optimizing the size of donor that have highest spermatogonia proportion and testicular cell colonization level. The neon tetras divided into three groups of size based on the total body length (TL), namely: small (TL<18.00 mm), medium (TL=18.00–23.00 mm), and large (TL>23.00 mm). Then, we defined histomorphological characteristic of neon tetra testicular cells including diameter and volume of cell. Gonado somatic index (GSI) and proportion of spermatogonia from each group were also measured to determine group with highest spermatogonia proportion. Neon tetra testicular cells from each group that contain spermatogonial cells, were then injected into common carp larvae to examine it’s colonization level. The results of testicular cells histomorphological characteristic analysis showed that spermatogonia mean diameter and cell volume were 6.75±1.30 µm and 1,420.50±768.20 µm3, respectively. Medium-size fish group showed the highest spermatogonia proportion (20.95±1.29%) and also testicular cells colonization level (85.00±7.07%). In conclusion, as donor for testicular cells transplantation, medium-size neon tetra was better than large and small size. Keywords: testicular cells, transplantation, colonization, common carp, neon tetra  ABSTRAK Ikan neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi merupakan salah satu ikan hias paling populer di dunia. Produktivitas ikan ini rendah karena memiliki fekunditas yang relatif sedikit dan kondisi pemijahan yang sulit dipenuhi. Transplantasi sel testikular ikan neon tetra kepada ikan mas sebagai induk semang merupakan terobosan potensial untuk produksi benih secara massal. Pada penelitian ini, transplantasi sel testikular dikembangkan melalui optimasi ukuran donor yang memiliki proporsi spermatogonia dan kolonisasi sel testikular tertinggi. Ikan neon tetra dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok berdasarkan panjang total badan (PT), yaitu small (PT<18,00 mm), medium (PT=18,00–23,00 mm), dan large (PT>23,00 mm). Selanjutnya, ditentukan karakteristik histomorfologi dari sel testikular ikan neon tetra yang meliputi diameter dan volume sel. Indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) dan proporsi spermatogonia dari setiap kelompok juga diukur untuk menentukan kelompok dengan proporsi spermatogonia tertinggi. Sel testikular ikan neon tetra dari setiap kelompok ukuran yang mengandung sel spermatogonia selanjutnya diinjeksikan kepada larva ikan mas untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kolonisasinya. Hasil dari analisis karakteristik histomorfologi sel testikular menunjukkan bahwa rerata diameter dan rerata volume sel spermatogonia berturut–turut adalah 6,75±1,30 µm dan 1.420,50±768,20 µm3. Kelompok ikan ukuran medium memperlihatkan proporsi spermatogonia (20,95±1,29%) dan sekaligus tingkat kolonisasi sel testikular (85,00±7,07%) tertinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagai donor untuk transplantasi sel testikular, kelompok ikan neon tetra ukuran medium lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran large dan small. Kata kunci: sel testikular, transplantasi, kolonisasi, ikan mas, ikan neon tetra 
Dietary vitamin E on the reproductive performance of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus Arfah, Harton; Melati, .; Setiawati, Mia
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2719.119 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.12.14-17

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to examine the different dose of vitamin E in the diet on female broodstock reproduction performance of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus. This research consisted of four treatments with three replications. The use of vitamin E doses was 0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg. The vitamin E was dissolved in vegetable oil and mixed with albumen as a binder in feed. The vitamin E was sprayed at feed and was air dried. Female broodstock of the fantail goldfishes were reared for 40 days. The result showed that 375 mg/kg treatment performed the highest quality of reproduction. Egg diameter, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and germinal vesicle breakdown of fish which are treated by 375 mg/kg vitamin E were respectively 0.92±0.05 mm, 8.86±4.62%, 56.00±29.18%, and 67.35±17.67% higher than control. Thus, 375 mg/kg of dietary vitamin E suplementating was a best dose to improve female broodstock productivity of the fantail goldfish Keywords: female broodstock, fantail goldfish, vitamin E, reproduction quality  ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji suplementasi vitamin E dengan dosis berbeda dicampur ke dalam pakan komersial terhadap produktivitas induk betina ikan komet Carassius auratus auratus. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Dosis vitamin E yang diberikan, yaitu 0, 125, 250, dan 375 mg/kg pakan. Vitamin E dilarutkan dalam minyak nabati dan dicampur dengan putih telur sebagai perekat pada pakan. Vitamin E disemprotkan ke pakan dan dikeringanginkan. Induk betina ikan komet pascasalin dengan bobot 72,78±19,47 g diberi perlakuan selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk betina ikan komet yang diberi suplementasi vitamin E sebanyak 375 mg/kg dalam pakan memiliki diameter telur 0,92±0,05 mm, gonadosomatic index 8,86±4,62%, fekunditas 56,00±29,18 butir/g ikan, dan germinal vesicle breakdown 67,35±17,67% yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Dengan demikian, suplementasi vitamin E sebesar 375 mg/kg pada pakan adalah dosis terbaik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas induk betina ikan komet. Kata kunci: induk betina, ikan komet, vitamin E, kualitas reproduksi 

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