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Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
ISSN : 23385006     EISSN : 26544571     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33394
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi (BJIB), receiving and publishing article in the form of research (scientific article) in the field of biology education and utilization of biological research in learning. Moreover, this journal bridges the gap between research and practice, providing information, ideas and opinion, in addition to critical examinations of biology research and teaching. Through the coverage of policy and curriculum developments, the latest results of research into the teaching, learning and assessment of biology are brought to the fore. Special emphasize are as follow: 1. Research on Learning Biology (Biology Learning Materials at All Education Levels). 2. Pure Research of Biology Developed or Studied to the Sources, Materials, or Instructional Media Biology (Biology Learning Materials at All Education Levels and Application in Society). 3. Curriculum of Biology Education at all Education Levels. 4. Class Action Research (CAR) and Lesson Study in Biology. 5. Other Qualitative Research of Biology Education. 6. The School Management and Biology/Science Laboratory Management. 7. Biology Learning Evaluation. 8. Teacher Professional Issues/Trends in Biology Education. 9. Another Study for the Scope of Biology Education. 10. Research on Environmental Education.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,511 Documents
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Biological Study of the Oil Palm Pollinating Weevil (Elaeidobius kamerunicus) in Highland and Lowland Areas Silfana; Makhrani Sari Ginting
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21323

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the biology of Elaeidobius kamerunicus in lowland and highland environments. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Indonesian Oil Palm Institute of Technology, Medan, from March to May 2026. Samples were collected from the Practical Plantation of the Indonesian Oil Palm Institute of Technology, located at an elevation of 14.46 m above sea level and representing the lowland site, and from PTPN IV Bah Birong Ulu Plantation, located at an elevation of 700 m above sea level and representing the highland site. Observations covered all developmental stages, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. The results showed that E. kamerunicus developed more rapidly in the lowland environment than in the highland environment, as indicated by differences in the duration of the pre-adult stages and adult longevity between the two locations. These differences were presumed to be associated with variations in environmental temperature, which may influence insect metabolic rates and development. The findings provide scientific information that may serve as a basis for the management of E. kamerunicus populations to enhance pollination effectiveness and oil palm productivity under different environmental conditions.
Antihyperuricemic Activity of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Ethanol Extract and Its Effects on Relative Kidney Weight in Rats Riska Dewi Rahmawati; Hariyatmi
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21339

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida in reducing blood uric acid levels while assessing its subchronic effects on relative kidney weight. An in vivo experiment was conducted using 24 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were randomly allocated into six treatment groups (4 rats per group): a normal control (P0), a negative control receiving 0.1% Na-CMC (P1), a positive control receiving allopurinol at 1.8 mg/200 g body weight (BW) (P2), and three groups receiving P. pellucida extract at doses of 100 mg/kg BW (P3), 150 mg/kg BW (P4), and 200 mg/kg BW (P5). Hyperuricemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of potassium oxonate at 250 mg/kg BW. Treatments were administered daily for 28 days, followed by measurement of final blood uric acid levels using Point-of-Care Testing and determination of the relative kidney organ index. Welch’s ANOVA showed a significant effect of extract administration on the reduction in blood uric acid levels (F(5, 7.739) = 14.630; p = 0.001). ANCOVA further confirmed significant differences in treatment effectiveness among the groups (F(5, 17) = 3.897; p = 0.015). The 200 mg/kg BW dose (P5) produced the greatest reduction in uric acid levels, reaching 46.06 ± 10.80%, and was statistically comparable to the positive allopurinol control (50.95 ± 13.19%; p > 0.05). In contrast, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant differences in the relative kidney organ index among groups (H(5) = 4.262; p = 0.512), with mean values ranging from 0.82 ± 0.06% to 0.96 ± 0.54%. These findings indicate that P. pellucida extract at 200 mg/kg BW effectively reduces blood uric acid levels without causing significant changes in relative kidney weight during 28 days of administration.
Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Elicitation Duration on Total Flavonoid Content in Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Callus Cultures Afifatul Hidayah; Noor Aini Habibah
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21469

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the optimal elicitor concentration and elicitation duration for increasing the total flavonoid content of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) callus cultures. A two-factor completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, with salicylic acid concentration and elicitation duration as the experimental factors. Nine treatment combinations were tested with six replicates each, consisting of salicylic acid concentrations of 0, 20, and 40 ppm applied for 7, 14, and 21 days. The observed parameters included callus morphology (color and texture), callus biomass, and total flavonoid content determined using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the callus was predominantly compact in texture and green in color. Callus fresh weight differed significantly among treatments (p = 0.008), with the highest value recorded in treatment E2W3 (14 days, 40 ppm), at 0.9367 g. In contrast, callus dry weight did not differ significantly among treatments (p = 0.170). Two-way ANOVA further showed that elicitation duration (p = 0.374), salicylic acid concentration (p = 0.691), and their interaction (p = 0.330) had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the total flavonoid content of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) callus cultures. Overall, the combination of salicylic acid concentration and elicitation duration significantly affected callus fresh weight but did not significantly influence callus dry weight or total flavonoid content.
Agronomic Traits and Yield Component Responses of M2 Wheat Genotypes Derived from Gamma-Ray-Induced Mutation under Tropical Highland Conditions Grafen Febrich Panarai; Yuniel Melvanolo Zendrato; Theresa Dwi Kurnia
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21594

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield components of 25 M2 mutant wheat genotypes generated through gamma-ray irradiation compared with five tropical wheat varieties used as checks. The experiment was conducted at the Salaran Experimental Station, Satya Wacana Christian University, using an augmented randomized complete block design with three replications for the check varieties. The evaluated parameters included agronomic traits and yield components. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, followed by the critical difference (CD) test to compare individual genotypes with the check varieties. The results revealed variation in the responses of several agronomic traits and yield components, with highly significant differences (p < 0.01) observed only for 100-grain weight (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.70%; range = 3.86–4.96 g). The genotypes GR 2-0, GR 4-0, GR 4-2, GR 4-3, GR 7-3, and GR 7-4 exhibited 100-grain weights ranging from 4.63 to 4.96 g, which were significantly higher than those of most check varieties (CD 5% = 0.09 g). This study indicates that gamma-ray irradiation has the potential to enhance genetic variation in M2 wheat populations, particularly for the 100-grain weight trait as an important yield component. These six genotypes represent promising candidates for further selection in the M3 generation within tropical wheat breeding programs in Indonesia.
Evaluation of Centrifugation Using 4% NaOH for Acid-Fast Bacilli Detection and Ziehl–Neelsen Smear Quality in Sputum Specimens with Negative Rapid Molecular Test Results Annisa Nazla Sahfiya; Ulfayani Mayasari; Leni Widiarti
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21760

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of centrifugation with 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on acid-fast bacilli (AFB) detection using the Ziehl–Neelsen method in sputum specimens with negative Molecular Rapid Test (MRT) results. This laboratory-based experimental study employed a paired design involving 50 sputum specimens with negative MRT results. Each specimen was examined using the Ziehl–Neelsen method before and after centrifugation with 4% NaOH. The primary outcome was the change in AFB detection results, while smear appearance was descriptively assessed based on background clarity and the presence of debris. All specimens (50/50; 100%) remained AFB-negative both before and after centrifugation, indicating that centrifugation with 4% NaOH did not alter AFB detection outcomes. Descriptively, centrifuged smears showed cleaner backgrounds and less debris, which facilitated microscopic examination; however, smear quality was not evaluated using a quantitative scoring system. Therefore, centrifugation with 4% NaOH did not improve AFB detection by the Ziehl–Neelsen method in sputum specimens with negative MRT results. Nevertheless, centrifuged smears appeared visually cleaner during microscopic examination, suggesting a potential benefit for specimen preparation that requires further validation using standardized quantitative assessment.
Development of Articulate Storyline 3-Based Interactive Media to Enhance Conceptual Understanding of the Immune System among Madrasah Aliyah Students Desi Nurlita; Miza Nina Adlini
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21786

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline 3 for teaching the Immune System topic to eleventh-grade students at Madrasah Aliyah. The developed media integrates learning materials, animations, videos, interactive quizzes, and learning navigation features. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). The product was tested on 27 eleventh-grade students at MAN 1 Medan. The research instruments included material expert and media expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and conceptual understanding tests. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis through validity, practicality, and N-Gain assessments. The results indicated that the developed media achieved a very high level of validity, with validation scores of 97% from material experts and 99% from media experts. The practicality assessment based on teacher and student responses showed scores of 96% and 96%, respectively, indicating that the media was categorized as highly practical. Students’ average conceptual understanding scores increased from 48.22 in the pretest to 85.70 in the posttest, with an N-Gain score of 0.71, categorized as high. These findings suggest that interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline 3 has the potential to support students’ conceptual understanding of the Immune System topic. However, this study was limited to a single-class trial involving 27 students.
Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Avicennia marina as a Biological Control Agent Against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Their Effects on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth Azzura Talitha Maulidya Irawan; Yenny Wuryandari; Tri Mujoko
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.22017

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of three Streptomyces spp. isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina at the Mangrove Botanical Garden, Surabaya, for suppressing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) development under in vivo conditions and assessing their effects on plant growth. In a previous study, the three Streptomyces spp. isolates (St8, St9, and St19) demonstrated strong inhibitory activity in in vitro assays. The present study was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with the first factor consisting of Streptomyces spp. isolates (St8, St9, and St19) and the second factor consisting of biological agent suspension doses (5, 10, and 15 ml plant⁻¹). A diseased control treatment was included for comparison. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 30 experimental units. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software at a 5% significance level. The in vivo efficacy assay showed that the application of Streptomyces spp. isolate St19 at a dose of 5 ml plant⁻¹ only delayed the incubation period of X. oryzae by 1.1 days and was unable to suppress BLB disease severity. The same treatment significantly affected rice tiller number, reaching 13.6 tillers at 56 days after transplanting (DAT), but did not affect plant height throughout the observation period. The results indicate a discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo assay outcomes. The potential of the tested Streptomyces spp. isolates as biological control agents remains limited; however, they showed a significant effect on rice tiller development.
Association Between Hygiene Level Among Diabetic Ulcer Patients and the Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection Windy Lestari; Kurniawan; Arif Mulyanto; Farida Dwi Handayani
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.22019

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the association between hygiene level and the incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in diabetic ulcers. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted. The study included 20 patients with diabetic ulcers at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto, selected using an accidental sampling technique. Bacterial identification was performed through culture on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method. MRSA identification was determined based on cefoxitin susceptibility testing. Hygiene levels were assessed using an observation checklist developed based on wound care principles and WHO guidelines. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Among the 20 patients with diabetic ulcers, MRSA infection was identified in 17 patients (85%), while 3 patients (15%) were not infected with MRSA. In the group with good hygiene practices, 2 patients (10%) were infected with MRSA and 3 patients (15%) were not infected, whereas among patients with poor hygiene practices, 15 patients (75%) were infected with MRSA. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between hygiene level and MRSA infection incidence (p = 0.009). These findings indicate that hygiene practices in diabetic ulcer care are associated with the occurrence of MRSA infection among patients with diabetic ulcers.
Effect of Virtual Reality (VR)–Based Learning Media on Grade XI Students’ Learning Outcomes in the Human Respiratory System Nova Indriyani; Rivo Hasper Dimenta; Novi Fitriandika Sari
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.22061

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of Virtual Reality (VR)-based instructional media on students’ learning outcomes in the respiratory system topic among Grade XI students at SMA Has Sepakat. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design. The study involved 40 students, comprising 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group, selected through cluster random sampling. The experimental group received instruction using three-dimensional VR simulations that visualized respiratory organ structures, inspiration–expiration mechanisms, and gas exchange processes, whereas the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a validated and reliable multiple-choice achievement test. Statistical analyses were performed using an independent-samples t-test and effect size calculation with SPSS version 22. The mean pretest score was 30.90 in the control group (SD = 9.049; 95% CI = 26.66–35.14) and 25.40 in the experimental group (SD = 8.708; 95% CI = 21.32–29.48). After the intervention, the mean posttest score increased to 60.00 in the control group (SD = 15.681; 95% CI = 52.66–67.34) and 77.80 in the experimental group (SD = 12.068; 95% CI = 72.15–83.45). The independent-samples t-test indicated a significant difference in posttest learning outcomes between the two groups (t = −4.023, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of −17.800. The effect size was 1.27, indicating a large difference between the groups. These findings suggest that VR-based instruction was associated with higher learning outcomes in the respiratory system topic. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the two groups differed in their initial pretest performance.
Development of an Edpuzzle-Based Learning Video on the Human Digestive System to Enhance Conceptual Understanding among Eleventh-Grade High School Students Alya Rahma; Rohani
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.22077

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an Edpuzzle-based instructional video on the human digestive system and evaluate its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ conceptual understanding. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The participants were 25 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 7 Medan. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and essay tests in the form of pre-tests and post-tests based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s indicators of conceptual understanding, including interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining. Data were analyzed through validity, practicality, and effectiveness assessments using percentage analysis and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the Edpuzzle-based instructional video was categorized as highly valid, with validation scores of 98.75% from media experts, 96.25% from material experts, and 94% from assessment experts. The practicality assessment indicated that the developed media was highly practical, with scores of 97.50% based on teacher responses and 98.33% based on student responses. Furthermore, the effectiveness analysis demonstrated an improvement in students’ conceptual understanding, with the average score increasing from 49.52 on the pre-test to 86.04 on the post-test and an N-Gain value of 0.72, categorized as high. Therefore, the Edpuzzle-based instructional video developed in this study is a valid, practical, and effective learning medium that can support students’ conceptual understanding of the human digestive system and provide an innovative alternative for Biology learning in accordance with the needs of modern education.

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