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INDONESIA
FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies
Published by Neolectura
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27982181     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37010/fcs
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other
FOCUS is a Journal of Social Studies Manuscripts for FOCUS must fall into one of the following categories: 1. Sociology 2. Anthropology 3. Psychology 4. Economy 5. Social Geography 6. Politics 7. History 8. Other Social Issues
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 172 Documents
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PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DAN DASAR PENGHAPUSAN PIDANA KORPORASI DI INDONESIA DITINJAU BERDASARKAN KUHP 2023 Setiawan, Wawan; Said, Yusuf Muhammad
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1889

Abstract

This research aims to examine the criminal provisions for corporations in the Criminal Code 1946 and its improvement in Law No. 1 of 2023 (Criminal Code 2023). Along with the rapid globalisation and economic growth, crimes involving corporations are increasingly prevalent, such as environmental crimes, consumer protection, and money laundering. However, many corporations still escape criminal sanctions. Theories of corporate criminal liability, such as strict liability theory, vicarious liability theory, identification theory, and aggregation theory, are the basis for recognising corporations as legal subjects. This research uses a normative legal approach with statutory, conceptual, and case methods. The results show that the Criminal Code 1946 does not recognise corporations as subjects of criminal law, so that corporate criminal liability is only regulated in regulations outside the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, the Criminal Code 2023 has explicitly stipulated corporation as a subject of criminal law and regulated the mechanism of its liability. This reform provides a stronger legal basis in law enforcement against corporate crime.
Tinjauan Viktimologi dan Penerapan Hukum Pidana Tentang Tindak Pidana dalam Undang-Undang ITE (Studi Kasus Putusan PN Tanjung Balai Karimun No. 96/PID.SUS/2021/PN.TBK) Alaidid, Muannas; Said, Yusuf Muhammad
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1890

Abstract

This research aims to examine the application of Article 27 paragraph (3) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law), especially in the context of online news. There are still many law enforcement officials, such as the Police and the Attorney General's Office, who do not understand that not all information cases can be categorised as violations of the article. For example, individuals who upload news from websites registered with the Press Council are still prosecuted for alleged violations of the ITE Law. In the digital era, the law must adapt quickly to accommodate technological innovation, cybercrime and digital privacy. This study uses a normative juridical method with systematic analysis of legal materials, including the Decision of the Tanjung Balai Karimun District Court No. 21/Pid.Sus/2021/TBK. The results show that the concepts of victimology and press law are often ignored in the application of this article. Constitutional Court Decision No. 78/PUU-XXI/2023 states that defamation in the Criminal Code and Article 27 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law is conditionally unconstitutional. Therefore, further socialisation is needed to prevent legal misunderstandings in the implementation of the article.
Urgensi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Terhadap Pengguna dan Kontak Darurat dalam Transaksi Pinjaman Online Sinaga, Rio Alfred; Widyaningrum, Tuti
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1893

Abstract

Currently the financial sector is facing a new model of technology so called fin-tech. Financial technology   based   on   Peer   to   Peer   Lending   (P2PL-based   Fintech)   is   one   of   the   new   breakthroughs  in  financial  services  institutions  in  Indonesia.  The  presence  of  P2PL-based Fintech is a solution for people who have not been touched by banking but have technology literacy. However  P2PL not only give positive impact but also negative impact i.e it’s spread the  privacy  of  data  consumer  to  whom  inresponsibilty.  Therefore  it  is  need  to  give  legal  protection to consumer. The aim of this paper is to examine the legal protection of borrowers' personal data in online loan application services. The method used in this paper is a normative legal method with a statutory approach and a factual approach. The results of the study show that legal protection for consumer has in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection,  of 2008 OJK Regulation No. 1/POJK.07/2013 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Sektor Jasa Keuangan, Ministerial  Regulation  No.  20  of  2016    on  Personal  Data  Protection  within  Electronic  Systems  however these regulations has not provide data privacy however these  regulations  are deemed insufficient in preventing large-scale data breaches.
Kepastian Hukum dan Implementasi Program Kemitraan Oleh Perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah: (Studi Kasus: Keputusan Kppu Nomor: 03/Kppu-K/2021) Aswan, Riel; Nachrawi, Gunawan
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1872

Abstract

The implementation of Law No. 20 of 2008 on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is essential for supporting sustainable partnerships between large companies and plasma cooperatives in the palm oil sector. This law aims to establish a core-plasma relationship model that is transparent, equitable, and focused on empowering MSMEs. However, challenges such as the dominance of large companies in decision-making, lack of financial transparency, and unmet plasma land obligations continue to hinder the law’s objectives. Supervision by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) and government support are expected to facilitate a more equitable partnership. This research employs a qualitative analysis method based on case studies, referencing KPPU Decision No. 03/KPPU-K/2021 and interview data regarding partnership practices. Additionally, literature review from journals and scientific sources was used to deepen the analysis. The findings show that KPPU's supervisory role is crucial in ensuring large companies' compliance with Law No. 20 of 2008. Government support through training and capacity-building is also needed to empower MSMEs. These findings demonstrate that consistent enforcement of the law can improve plasma cooperative welfare, support sustainable environmental practices, and enhance the international image of Indonesia’s palm oil industry. Therefore, improvements in the implementation of Law No. 20 of 2008 are necessary to achieve truly mutual benefits in partnerships.
Peran Kanwil Kemenkumham Kalimantan Tengah dalam Pelaksanaan Pengharmonisasian Rancangan Produk Hukum Daerah dan Pemanfaatan Aplikasi dalam Penilaian Indeks Reformasi Hukum Maddolangan, Doaa Risma Diputra; Fransisco, Fransisco; Nugroho, Any
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1877

Abstract

This article evaluates the role of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Kanwil Kemenkumham) of Central Kalimantan in implementing the harmonization of regional legal products and its relation to fulfilling the Legal Reform Index (Indeks Reformasi Hukum/IRH) assessment criteria. Legal harmonization is a crucial stage in the formation of local regulations to ensure alignment with the national legal system, while IRH functions as an instrument to measure legal reform efforts at the regional level. This study adopts a juridical-empirical approach, using both legal literature and field documentation as data sources. The findings indicate that the Kanwil has actively and effectively facilitated the harmonization process of draft regional regulations, as reflected by the increasing number of harmonized legal products between 2022 and 2024. However, challenges remain in fulfilling IRH data requirements, particularly due to a lack of technical understanding, limited human resources, and weak administrative coordination at the local government level. It is concluded that the effectiveness of IRH as an evaluative tool largely depends on the synergy between the Kanwil and local governments in developing responsive and accountable legal governance.
Penyelenggaraan Program Bantuan Hukum Berbasis Keadilan oleh Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Kalimantan Tengah Venifera, Anggi Febrina
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1878

Abstract

The implementation of legal aid aims to guarantee and fulfil the rights of Legal Aid Recipients to obtain access to justice. In order to facilitate the implementation of legal aid programmes by Accredited Legal Aid Providers, BPHN created a web-based online application, namely the Application (SIDBANKUM). The formulation of the problem raised by the author is how the implementation of justice-based legal aid programmes through the SIDBANKUM Application by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan and how the obstacles and solutions in the implementation of justice-based legal aid programmes through the SIDBANKUM Application. The purpose of this research is to understand and explain the implementation of justice-based Legal Aid programmes through the SIDBANKUM Application by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan. This research uses an empirical juridical approach method. Primary data sources are obtained from the field and secondary data from documentation and legislation. The data collection technique is in the form of interviews with relevant agencies, namely the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan. Then the research data is analysed descriptively qualitative. Based on the results of the research, the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan has organised a Legal Aid Programme by referring to the Legislation and Legal Aid Service Standards. However, not everything went well due to, among others, the limited number of accredited legal aid providers, the lack of understanding of legal aid providers in using the Sidbankum application for the legal aid budget reimbursement process, and the lack of Non Litigation agenda Accredited legal aid providers related to disseminating information about the implementation of legal aid programmes. Through these obstacles, the Regional Office determined the solution steps, among others, such as by increasing the dissemination of information related to the implementation of the Legal Aid program, and optimising the use of the Sidbankum application for Legal Aid Providers, through Socialisation, Dissemination, FGDs, and the use of print and social media, as well as optimising monitoring and evaluation of Legal Aid Providers to always apply the Legal Aid Service Standards and Operational Standards for Providing Legal Aid Services.
Peran Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Kalimantan Tengah dalam Menangani Dugaan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Simarmata, Swiss Van; Heriamariaty, Heriamariaty; Noor, Syamhudian
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1879

Abstract

Handling Alleged Human Rights Violations is the process of resolving alleged human rights violations that occur in the community, both complained (reported) and uncomplained (unreported), which is one of the duties and functions of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights as a form of the Government's seriousness in implementing the protection and fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia. The Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan as an extension of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in the region is obliged to carry out activities to handle alleged human rights violations, especially in Central Kalimantan Province, and is expected to be a solution in resolving alleged human rights violations experienced by the people of Central Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to understand and examine the role of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan in handling alleged human rights violations, analyzing obstacles to handling and resolving alleged human rights violations carried out by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan. The research method used in this study is empirical legal research, with a sociological approach, namely analyzing the effectiveness of the enforcement of a legal rule in society. Based on the results of the study, it can be taken that the role of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan in carrying out activities to handle alleged human rights violations, both those communicated directly and indirectly, especially in Central Kalimantan Province, has been carried out quite well in accordance with the main tasks and functions of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, although in its implementation there are still several obstacles or obstacles faced by the The team from the Human Rights Sector, both internal and external obstacles. The Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Central Kalimantan has made efforts to overcome these obstacles by increasing the capacity of officials and employees in the field of human rights, maximizing the existing budget and further improving coordination with the Echelon I Unit of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and related agencies.
Analisis Yuridis atas Penundaan Pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pilkades) dalam Kerangka Hukum Administrasi Negara: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Seruyan Purwantoro, Erwin Agus; Farina, Thea; Nugroho, Any
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1887

Abstract

The postponement of Village Head Elections (Pilkades) in Seruyan Regency has caused significant legal, governance, and socio-political issues. This study analyzes the legal basis for the postponement based on Seruyan Regency Regulation No. 1 of 2016 (Perda) and its alignment with national laws, including Law No. 6 of 2014, Government Regulation No. 43 of 2014, Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 72 of 2020, and Law No. 3 of 2024. While Perda Seruyan No. 1 of 2016 adheres to democratic principles, it lacks specific provisions regarding postponements due to national political agendas and the extension of temporary village head terms. This gap has led to constitutional rights violations, weakened legitimacy of Acting Village Heads, stagnated village development, and potential social conflicts. This study recommends revising Perda Seruyan No. 1 of 2016 to incorporate postponement provisions, allocating Pilkades budgets in the Regional Budget (APBD), and enhancing transparency and public participation to ensure legal, transparent, and accountable Pilkades implementation, ultimately maintaining social, political, and governmental stability at the village level.
Pemberian Kompensasi atas Gangguan Layanan dalam Aplikasi M-Paspor: Analisis Hukum Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 8 Tahun 2014 tentang Paspor Biasa dan Surat Perjalanan Laksana Paspor Sartio, Dessy Octavina Sumala; Nugroho, Any; Noor, Syamhudian
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1888

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the compensation mechanism for service disruptions in the M-Paspor application and the government's responsibility in addressing the legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) in digital immigration services. The research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The study focuses on immigration service regulations and case studies of technical issues in the M-Paspor application. Data collection is conducted through document analysis and legal interpretation to assess the adequacy of existing regulations. The findings indicate that no specific legal norms currently regulate compensation for users affected by service disruptions, creating uncertainty and potential financial losses. The government holds legal and administrative responsibility to address this gap through additional regulations and policy alignment with higher legal frameworks. A more comprehensive regulatory framework is necessary to ensure legal certainty and fair protection for the public while improving the quality and reliability of digital immigration services.
Efisiensi Operasional dan Dampak Ekonomi Perubahan Regulasi Kapal Wisata Asing: Analisis Perbandingan PM 4 Tahun 2022 dan PM 14 Tahun 2023 Barata, Fausta Ari; Nachrawi, Gunawan
FOCUS Vol 6 No 1 (2025): FOKUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i1.1894

Abstract

Maritime tourism in Indonesia has great potential to drive economic growth, particularly through the rapidly expanding foreign cruise sector. However, challenges in operational efficiency and bureaucratic licensing procedures have become major obstacles to its management. To address these issues, the Indonesian government introduced Minister of Transportation Regulation (PM) No. PM 14 of 2023 as a revision of PM 4 of 2022. This regulation aims to enhance port accessibility, simplify licensing procedures, and integrate modern navigation technology. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources and analyzed qualitatively to assess the implications of the new regulation on the operational efficiency of foreign cruise ships and its economic impact. The findings indicate that regulatory changes improve operational efficiency by digitalizing licensing systems, expanding strategic ports, and implementing the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) system. Additionally, immigration reforms through the Immigration on Shipping (IoS) program have significantly reduced ship waiting times at ports. From an economic perspective, this regulatory revision has positively impacted the hospitality, transportation, and SME sectors around ports. However, challenges related to port infrastructure and inter-agency coordination still require further attention to ensure the sustainable implementation of this regulation.

Page 12 of 18 | Total Record : 172

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