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INDONESIA
Hemera Zoa
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 391 Documents
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MP-3 Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Salmonella sp. Isolates from Selected Swine and Poultry Farms in Regions III and IV in the Philippines Darlene Fe P. Castro; Froilan Bernard R. Matias; Marvin Bryan S Salinas; Allan Vincent M. Dollente; Ma-jian C. Rigos; Reggie V Compañero
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Swine and poultry industries are significant contributors to the agricultural sector in the Philippines. Specifically, the provinces in Regions III and IV have registered the highest number of pigs and chickens raised and also the highest production of pork, chicken and eggs in the Philippines. Despite the increasing trend in chicken and pork production, these agricultural sectors are beset with animal health concerns, particularly, the occurrences of bacterial diseases and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial compounds. The widespread practice of antimicrobial use provides an environment conducive for selection, spread and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.Antimicrobial resistance is being encountered in swine and poultry industry with the common respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases of bacterial causes. In this research, the commonly observed opportunistic agent, Streptococcus suis was detected in pigs, while the enteric bacteria, Salmonella enterica was isolated from chickens. Antimicrobials are important for the control of infectious diseases. However, several studies have shown that the use of antimicrobials has resulted in resistance, making AMR a worldwide concern.
MP-4 Study of Parasitic Diseases - Goat's Digestive Zoonoses In Gorontalo District Tri Ananda Erwin Nugroho; Nibras K. Laya; Sarifudin H Hiola; Sarwono S Prasejo; Herman S Wahab
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to study the parasitic-zoonotic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in goats in Gorontalo District. The results of this study in the long term are expected to contribute to the Gorontalo regional government in the development of the livestock sector, especially in terms of handling diseases in goats and anticipating the presence of goats.
MP-5 Antibiotic Resistance of Klebsiella Species Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Sukabumi and Bogor Areas Zumala Nilasari; . Safika; Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Animal protein needs in Indonesia increase every year. One source of animal protein that is affordable for all levels of society is poultry. Poultry mostly farmed in several parts of Indonesia. The region that has the largest poultry population in Indonesia is the province of West Java. The regions in West Java that contribute the highest poultry populations are Sukabumi and Bogor. The largest number of poultry populations is broiler chicken population, which is 108,304,978 tails.Antibiotics often used in livestock and poultry as a prevention of disease transmission and as a growth promoter. Routine use of antibiotics in the livestock industry, especially chickens, has a negative impact. One of them is the emergence of antibiotic resistance. One of the bacteria that has experienced antibiotic resistance is the Klebsiella species.Klebsiella bacteria are Gram-negative bacteria are normal flora in the oral cavity, skin and intestines, but can become pathogens in animals and humans under certain conditions. This bacterium is one of the causes of bacterial diseases that attack large livestock and poultry.  Many reports say that Klebsiella species have experienced resistance to antibiotics. Klebsiella had experienced resistance to several antibiotics, namely ampicillin as much as 66.7%, Nalidixic Acid 61.8%, tetracycline 59.8% and trimethropin 50%. Klebsiella bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics are very dangerous for animal and human health. Diseases caused by Klebsiella bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics will be difficult to cure. Akova (2016) states that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that experience resistance will produce infections that are difficult to treat or cannot even be treated using antimicrobials.
MP-6 Coccidiosis Intestinal Dysmotility in C57BL/6 Mice Riki Siswadi; Ayako Yoshida; Hiroyuki Satoh; Nariaki Nonaka
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Recently, anecdotal report was arisen that coccidiosis in cattle resulted in delayed intestinal motility. The occurrence of delayed intestinal motility has been never briefly reported. However, some study indicated a delay in intestinal motility. A study in cattle coccidiosis reported a transient increase of nutrients apparent digestibility, especially of crude fiber index, during clinical coccidiosis and that anorexia and intestinal leakage impaired the nitrogen balance, causing weight depression. The observation may have reflected intestinal hypomotility, however, this work did not observe the intestinal motility directly. Another study indicated that Eimeria infection in rabbit could induce intestinal motility disturbance. The disturbance, however, did not indicate as general delay in intestinal transit, because some part of the intestine experienced faster motility and another part indicated slower motility.As one of the cosmopolitan diseases of production animal, the occurrence of intestinal dysmotility by coccidiosis need to be clarified. And a control measure against intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis need to be proposed soon after the clarification of its clinical existence. Therefore, we designed a study with murine Eimeria as model to provide evidence for better approach toward this emerging issue.
MP-7 Isolation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene from Staphylococcus aureus from Chicken Poultry Farm in Bogor West Java Indonesia Nabila Swarna Puspa Hermana; Agustin Indrawati; Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen in human and another animal species. It also associated with staphylococcosis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and bumble foot disease in poultry. Antibiotics including penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline are widely used for treating infection caused by S. aureus.Chicken poultry play important role in food supply as one of protein source in Indonesia. West Java province has largest population of chicken poultry, where Bogor has the largest population of chicken poultry with 19.75.850 chicken in 2018. In order to maintain the production, farmers used antibiotics for prophylaxis, growth promotor, and therapy. However, extensive use of antibiotic can be found in low income and developed country, caused the increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria.The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from cloacal swab of chicken poultry in Bogor West Java Indonesia.
MP-8 Lack of Antibody Formation Against Inactivated Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks and Chickens After Intranasally Immunization Okti Nadia Poetri; Retno Damayanti Soejoedodo; Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari; Ekowati Handharyani; Novera Nirmalasanti
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Vaccination is one of control strategies implemented in endemic countries such as Egypt and Indonesia [1,2]. Most commercial AI vaccines available in Indonesia are adjuvanted inactivated AI vaccines applied through intramuscular routes. Vaccine application by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection can cause pain and stress in poultry, the route of vaccine through the nasal drip (intranasal) is a more convenient and painless.                However, respiratory applied inactivated influenza is poorly immunogenic. Therefore prior to developing inactivated intranasal vaccine, it is necessary to study  antibody response to inactivated AI virus which exposed through intranasal route. The aim of our research was to determined antibody response of ducks and chickens against avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 after intranasally immunization.
MP-10 Subcloning Gene Encoding Rophtry 1 (ROP1) Toxoplasma gondii WTA Isolate Purmaningtyas Kusumaningsih; W T Artama; S Moeljoparwiro
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which could infected all organism, and built a vacuola parasitoporus for multiplicity their self in host [1]. Toxoplasmosis is the one of zoonotic diseases which could infected animal and human and involved that two organism to their life [2].Toxoplasmosis in animal is difficult to held, it cause involved the environment. Oosit could sporulated in the water, it made fish, walrus and other mamalian infected by T. gondii. Bat could be a vector of T. gondii if they bite cattle where in it bloods contain with tachyzoites [3]. Toxoplasmosis in ranch such as cattle, pork, sheep, goat and poultry focused on reproduction health that impact economics system and causes congenital disease. This condition can impact for fulfill of prime seed and good meat for human consumption [4].The invasion of T. gondii to host cell could cause immunology reaction like cytokine secretors such as IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and T cells such as CD4+ and CD8+. It involved surface antigen/SAG protein and excretory-secretory antigen/ESA protein [5].Rophtry-1 protein has functioned as a penetration factor and it has 66 kDa molecular of weight. Cloning gene of rophtry-1 T. gondii RH isolate have done and result on vaccination using recombinant plasmid rop1, improving activity of natural kill cells, cell and T proliferation. Recombinant antigen of ROP1 also can use for toxoplasma diagnosis [6,7].The aim of these studies was to sub-clone the gene encoding ROP-1 protein T. gondii WTA isolate to pET-32a(+) and produced a recombinant plasmid of ROP-1 in E. coli BL-21(DE3). This recombinant plasmid will be used to produce a recombinant protein which will be able to perform preliminary studies on its stability on detect T. gondii specific antibodies.
MP-11 Eimeria pragensis Induce Immune Mediated Intestinal Hypomotility in C57BL/6 Mice Riki Siswadi; Ayako Yoshida; Hiroyuki Satoh; Nariaki Nonaka
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

The manifestation of intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis has never been briefly reported before. From murine Eimeria study we concluded that Eimeria pragensis (Ep) is capable to induce intestinal hypomotility described to be similar to pan-enteric ileus.In comparison with the intestinal dysmotility in postoperative ileus which is orchestrated by TH1 immune response [1], a local injury to some part of intestine could trigger pan-enteric ileus. If the TH1 immune response could also be induced in Ep infection, the delay in intestinal motility could be explained as similar mechanism as the post-operative ileus. Since the Ep infestation occurred in the ileocecal part of the intestines, with similar mechanism of post-operative ileus, the pan-enteric ileus could be triggered. In this study, we tried to find a relationship between intestinal dysmotility and TH1 immune response in murine coccidiosis.
MP-12 Effect of AKBISprob Supplementation on Antibacterial-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolated from Laying Hens Intestine . Nurliana; Sema Coumandary; Fashihah Rahmah Noya Farimansysh; . Sugito; Dian Masyitha; . Darmawi; . Erina; . Gholib; Erdiansya Rahmi; . Ismail
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Generally, Bacteria in the intestine consist of beneficial bacteria and bacteria that have the potential to disrupt animal health such as pathogenic bacteria. The presence of pathogenic bacteria is one of the factors that cause gastrointestinal dysfunction, but can be suppressed by maintaining the presence of beneficial bacteria for the digestive tract, especially the type of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (Astuti, 2016). LAB has antagonistic activity because it is able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria so it can compete to maintain normal flora balance in the digestive tract.  The main inhibitory activity of LAB is caused by the accumulation of primary metabolites such as lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide. In addition, LAB is also capable of producing antibacterial compounds such as bacteriocins (Furtado et al., 2014). Naturally LAB has existed in the digestive tract of chickens, but it is easy to experience changes in the amount due to the influence of given the feed (Widodo et al., 2015). Feed and the environment can affect the composition of microbes in the digestive tract in chickens(Ghadban, 2002; Apajalahti et al., 2004). Provision of fermented feed can improve the composition of intestinal microflora and increase the number of LAB. Fermented feed is generally easily biodegradable and has a higher nutritional value than the original ingredient and it can reduce the pH of the digestive tract.AKBISprob is an alternative product to increase poultry production in the form of supplement made from a mixture of soybean wate, and palm kernel meal which is fermented with Aspergillus niger.  The fermentation process using Aspergillus niger can reduce the crude fiber contained in AKBIS, because the mold can produce amylase, pectinase, amyloglucosidase and cellulase enzymes which can degrade cellulose so that it is easier to digest. In addition, Aspergillus niger also produces metabolites in the form of citric acid which is a component that can reduce intestinal pH so that it is suitable for LAB growth. Based on research conducted by Nurliana et al. (2016; 2017), supplementation of 4% AKBISprob can maintain the chickens production and health as well increase the number of LAB and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in chickens intestine. Thus creating a balance of microflora in the digestive tract of laying hens. Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to conduct research on antibacterial detection of BAL in laying hens that have been given AKBISprob.
MP-13 Antibody Response to Avian Influenza Vaccination in Small-Scale Duck Farming in Mojokerto District, East Java Tutik Surjaningdyah; Erianto Nugroho; Alfred Kompudu; Nurul Hidayah; Agus Hardjito; Heru Tristiono; Erry Setyawan; Ady Harja Sukarno; L Schoonman; J McGrane
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Commercial duck farming in Indonesia is practiced either as a nomadic way (moving around) or as an intensified settled system. Since the emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 subtype clade 2.1.3 in Indonesia in 2003, ducks acted as a reservoir (carrier) without showing clinical signs. In late 2012 the new HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 was introduced which caused high duck mortality, especially in young ducks. Nomadic ducks have a high risk of developing and spreading Avian Influenza (AI). In addition to this high risk, there are many duck farmers who do not practice proper AI vaccination, to achieve protective immunity. One of the measures to control AI is by administering scheduled vaccinations. The objective of this study was to investigate the increase of AI antibody titer in ducks after vaccination and to identify the best timing for vaccination.

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