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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,217 Documents
 112   113   114   115   116 
Fermentation of Gembili Juice: Innovation in Functional Beverages Based on Lactobacillus plantarum B1765 Amaliyah, Rohilatul Bidayah; Wikandari, Prima Retno
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10354

Abstract

Gembili tubers (Dioscorea esculenta) are abundant in Indonesia but remain underutilised despite their potential as a functional food. One effort that has been made is to produce a symbiotic fermented beverage, as it is known to contain prebiotic inulin that can be fermented using probiotics. Lactobacillus plantarum B1765 is charactherized by its probiotic potential. This research evaluated the impact of fermentation duration using L. plantarum B1765 starter culture on the quality of gembili juice products, including Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), pH, Total Titratable Acids (TTA), and organoleptic quality. Gembili juice was made by fermenting gembili juice at 37°C for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 hours. The total LAB count was enumerated using the total plate count (TPC) method with MRS-Agar medium containing CaCO3. pH determination was performed using a pH meter. TTA was calculated by acid-base titration, and organoleptic quality was assessed by untrained panellists, who rated the level of liking using a hedonic scale. The total LAB and pH data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, while the TTA data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to determine the significant differences among the fermentation durations. The fermentation time of gembili fermented beverages had an effect (p < 0.05) on the total number of LAB, pH, and TTA. LAB growth increased and reached an optimum of 7.55 x 10⁸ CFU/mL at 18 hours. However, the pH continued to decrease to 3.84, and the TTA continued to increase to 0.32% until the end of fermentation. Sensory evaluation (hedonic test) showed that fermentation time had no effect (p>0.05) on color and aroma. Still, it had an impact (p < 0.05) on taste, with the highest preference for the 18-hour fermentation. This product complies with SNI standards and is suitable for development as a fermented functional beverage. The inulin and phenolic compounds present in gembili may contribute to its antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects.
Antioxidant Activity and Organoleptic Tests on Functional Drinks Made from Soursop Leaves (Annona Muricata) with a Combination of Sappan Wood (Biancaea Sappan) Eno, Kristina Febrianti; Sintyadewi, Rima; Widnyani, Ida Ayu Putu Ary; Putra, Anak Agung Ngurah Dwi Ariesta Wijaya; Rabani RS, I Gusti Agung Yogi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10363

Abstract

Functional beverages are popular because they have bioactive compounds that contribute to body health. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining soursop leaves (Annona muricata) and sappan wood (Biancaea sappan) on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and sensory characteristics of a functional beverage. The study employed a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor consisting of seven treatment combinations, which represented different proportions of soursop leaves and sappan wood. The results showed that the 70% soursop leaves and 30% sappan wood combination (A7B7) produced the highest total phenolic content of 3335.97 mg GAE/100g, the flavonoid content of 2180.35 mg QE/100g, and the lowest IC50 value of 62.02 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant activity. Sensory tests showed that treatment (A1B1) in color parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05), and treatment (A2B2, A3B3, A4, B4, A5B5, and A6B6) in taste, aroma, texture, and preference parameters did not show a significant difference (p<0.05). The A7B7 combination was identified as the best formulation based on antioxidant activity and panelist preferences.
The Analysis of Students Creative Thinking Ability Using Mind Map on Solution Topic Wahyuni, Melati; Aini, Faizah Qurrata
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10379

Abstract

Creative thinking is one of the key competencies in 21st-century education. This study aimed to analyze students’ creative thinking skills on the topic of solutions using mind maps as an assessment tool. This study used a quantitative descriptive method involving 44 XII-grade students from two senior high schools in Padang City during the 2025/2026 academic year. The instrument used was adapted from Rahayu et al., focusing on four indicators of creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The results showed that most students (95.45%) were categorized as less creative, while one student (2.27%) was creative, and one (2.27%) was not creative. No students achieved the highly creative level. The highest achievement was in the fluency aspect (86.36%), followed by flexibility (60.90%), originality (38.25%), and elaboration (19.88%). These findings indicate that students were relatively capable of generating ideas but struggled to develop and connect them in more original and detailed ways. This study highlights the novelty of using mind maps as an alternative assessment tool for measuring creative thinking in chemistry learning, specifically in the context of solutions, and suggests the need for creativity-oriented instructional approaches.
The Influence of Wet Aging on pH, Meat Color, Fat Color and Water Holding Capacity of Bali Beef from Traditional Slaughterhouses in Lombok Fitriani, Baik Mesy Darita; Dahlanuddin, Dahlanuddin; Fahrullah, Fahrullah; Bulkaini, Bulkaini; Ashari, M; Firhamsah, Ikhwan; Gifari, Zaid Al
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10400

Abstract

Beef quality plays a vital role in ensuring consumer satisfaction and market competitiveness, particularly in regions where traditional slaughtering practices remain prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of Bali beef obtained from traditional slaughterhouses on Lombok Island and to determine the effect of wet aging on meat quality. The experiment used longissimus dorsi muscle samples from 1 to 3-year-old male Bali cattle. Physical parameters analyzed included pH, meat color, fat color, and water-holding capacity (WHC). Data were analyzed using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed that wet aging had a significant effect (p<0.05) on most physical parameters. The pH decreased from 5.85 to 5.57, meat color became slightly darker due to myoglobin oxidation, and fat color became lighter under vacuum conditions. WHC increased from 47.13% to 50.34%, indicating improved water retention. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that beef from traditional slaughterhouses in Lombok still meets the quality standards of fresh meat. Furthermore, the 21-day wet aging process significantly enhanced the physical quality of Bali beef without causing adverse effects, demonstrating its potential as a practical post-slaughter treatment to improve the competitiveness of local beef products.
Validation of Instrument to Measure Science Pre-Service Teachers Digital Skills: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Ningthias, Dyah Pusptasari; Qudratuddarsi, Hilman
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10423

Abstract

Validating instruments that measure digital skills—such as through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)—is crucial to ensure that pre-service teachers, particularly those from Generation Z, possess accurate, reliable, and pedagogically meaningful digital competencies. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 349 Generation Z pre-service teachers across four science specializations (chemistry, physics, biology, and general science). The instrument used was adapted from previous studies and translated using the back-translation method to ensure its validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed in AMOS 24 to evaluate both first-order and second-order models to analyze the data.  The six dimensions assessed—Access to and Management of Digital Content (AMDC), Use of Digital Means (UDM), Communication Skills (CS), Creative Skills (CrS), Digital Safety Skills (DSS), and Digital Empathy (DES)—demonstrated strong loadings onto the higher-order construct of Digital Skills (standardized regression weights = 0.94–0.97). Model fit indices confirmed the robustness of the structure (χ² = 865.079, RMSEA = 0.075, TLI = 0.908, CFI = 0.923). Reliability was high, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.674 to 0.966 and Composite Reliability (CR) exceeding 0.70 for most constructs. Correlation analysis revealed strong interrelationships among dimensions (r = 0.779–0.998), underscoring the integrated nature of digital skills. The findings suggest that digital skills among pre-service science teachers can be conceptualized as a unified but multidimensional construct. The validated instrument offers a reliable tool for assessing digital competencies in teacher education. Practically, the results have implications for curriculum development, underscoring the need to integrate digital literacy training into teacher preparation programs. Future research should expand validation to diverse cultural contexts and apply longitudinal approaches to capture changes in digital skill development over time.
Analysis of Leaf Area Index of Shade Trees and Its Relationship with the Discomfort Index: A Case Study at the University of Mataram Campus Suripto, Suripto; Rahayu, Rachmawati Noviana; Supardiono, Supardiono; Dujana, Lalu Muhammad Aby; Genggelang, Feby Ayu
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10455

Abstract

The development of shade trees on the Mataram University campus is intended to maintain environmental comfort, as well as add beauty. The microclimate softening function of trees is largely determined by the density of their canopies, known as the leaf area index (LAI). Various LAI measurement methods have been developed, which are generally more suitable for assessing tree productivity but less valid for assessing the ability to soften the microclimate or decrease the discomfort index (DI). This study was conducted to analyze the distribution of LAI of shade trees and their relationship with the DI on the Mataram University campus. To obtain a more valid LAI value, the leaf area variable measured was the leaf area forming the canopy, replacing the leaf area on the canopy surface, as was done in previous studies. Microclimate variables measured to determine the discomfort index (DI) were air temperature and relative humidity. The results showed that the LAI of 108 trees (33 species) spread across 9 zones within the Mataram University campus ranges from 1.2630 (very small category) to 9.6735 (very large category). The DI values under the canopy of trees ranged from 23.225 (quite comfortable category) to 26.869 (somewhat comfortable category). The relationship between LAI of shade trees and DI on the campus of Mataram University was linear and negative, with the resulting regression equation being y = 28.1204-0.4749x. If LAI increased, then DI tended to decrease; conversely, if DI increased, then LAI tended to decrease. The function of campus trees in softening the microclimate can be enhanced by improving their LAI.
Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis from Kapok Seed Oil (Ceiba pentandra) through Transesterification Reaction with a TiO2 Catalyst Rozitawati, Mona; Gunawan, Erin Ryantin; Suhendra, Dedy; Farida Ariani
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10514

Abstract

Biodiesel represents a renewable, environmentally friendly, and locally producible alternative to conventional diesel fuel. This research synthesized biodiesel from kapok seed oil (Ceiba pentandra) via transesterification using a TiO₂ catalyst, with process parameters optimized to maximize yield. Kapok seed oil was extracted using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and purified by vacuum column chromatography. The transesterification process involved systematic variation of the oil-to-methanol molar ratio, catalyst mass, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Optimal conditions were established at a 1:10 molar ratio, 0.20 g of catalyst mass, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 90 minutes, resulting in a biodiesel yield of 71.58%. Characterization of the biodiesel revealed a density of 0.88 g/mL, viscosity of 3.10 cSt, acid value of 1.89 mg NaOH/g, and saponification value of 231.879 mg KOH/g. GC-MS analysis identified methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, and methyl oleate as the principal methyl ester components, with methyl oleate as the predominant species. These findings demonstrate that biodiesel derived from kapok seed oil possesses properties suitable for use as an alternative fuel that meets established quality standards.
Exploration of Salam Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) as a Natural Indicator for Acid-Base Titration: Color Stability and Endpoint Accuracy Nasirsah, Nasirsah; Fatma, Fatma Suryani Harahap; Siregar, Rabiyatul Adawiyah; Siregar, Elda Sari; Tuah, Sahlan
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10547

Abstract

Acid-base indicators play an important role in titration, but the use of synthetic indicators such as phenolphthalein is increasingly criticized for being toxic, carcinogenic, and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of developing bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) as a safer, natural indicator, thereby supporting the concept of green chemistry. The study was carried out in four stages, namely first, extraction with ethanol: water solvent (70:30 and 50:50), second, color change test in pH 4, 7, and 10 buffer solutions using visual documentation and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Third, validation of effectiveness in HCl–NaOH titration with phenolphthalein as a comparator. Additionally, stability and reproducibility tests were conducted over a 7-day storage period. The results showed that bay leaf extract remained stable for at least seven days, exhibiting a significant λmax change profile at 405–425 nm, which varied according to pH changes. This indicates the sensitivity of phenolic pigments to acidic, neutral, and basic conditions. In titration validation, the extract with 50/50 solvent showed an identical titrant volume to phenolphthalein (25.0 mL; deviation 0%), while the 70/30 solvent showed a deviation of -14.6%. Stability tests showed that the extract was relatively stable for up to 7 days in dark conditions with a decrease in absorbance <10%, while reproducibility tests produced inter-user variations <5%. These findings suggest that bay leaf extract has strong potential as a reliable, stable, and consistent natural indicator, making it a worthy alternative to synthetic indicators in environmentally sustainable chemistry education and research laboratories.
Testing of Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors in an Automatic Plant Watering System Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Yudoyono, Susilo; Setiawan, Dewa Gede Eka; Yunus, Muhammad; Latief, Muh. Fachrul; Meidji, Icha Untari
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10585

Abstract

The implementation of automated plant watering systems in the agricultural sector utilizes sensor technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This study aims to evaluate the performance of soil moisture and temperature sensors utilizing the IoT in an automated plant watering system. The sensors used are the YL-69 sensor to determine soil moisture and the DS18B20 temperature sensor to determine soil temperature. Both sensors are connected to the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. Testing was conducted from 07:00 to 17:00 WITA, with a 1-hour interval for data collection, monitored using the IoT on the blink application on the cellphone. Then, the data obtained is analyzed to determine the values of error and accuracy. The results obtained on the soil moisture sensor have an average error of 0.989% with an average accuracy of 99.011%. Meanwhile, the results obtained on the soil temperature sensor have an average error of 1.240% with an average accuracy level of 98.760%. The lower the error value, the better the sensor performance indicates the sensor's ability to read data that is close to the actual value of the comparison tool. Likewise, the higher the level of sensor accuracy, the better and more reliable the sensor is when used in an IoT-based soil temperature measurement system. This value indicates that the sensor's performance has a very high level of reliability and precision in detecting soil moisture and temperature in real-time. This system can be applied in agricultural technology education and vocational training programs.
Heavy Metal Content of Cadmium in Tilapia from Taliwang Swamp Lake, West Sumbawa Regency Khairuddin, Khairuddin; Yamin, M.; Kusmiyati, Kusmiyati
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 8 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i8.6080

Abstract

Research on the heavy metal Cd in fish is crucial to protect humans as consumers from harmful health impacts. This study aimed to determine the cadmium (Cd) content in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from Taliwang Swamp Lake (TSL). The specific benefit of this study is to protect consumers who consume fish from Cd contamination. This study was conducted in TSL waters. There are two research stations, one located in the eastern part and the other in the western part of the lake. Data collection was carried out using gill nets. Four tilapia samples were taken at each station. The tilapia samples were then wrapped in plastic bags and stored in sample boxes. The research samples were then analyzed at the West Nusa Tenggara Health, Testing and Calibration Laboratory Center. Data analysis was carried out by taking tilapia muscle tissue and analyzing metal content, especially Cadmium (Cd), using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Measurement of heavy metals in tilapia tissue was carried out by adding concentrated HNO3 and HClO4, heated at 60-70ºC for 2-3 hours until the solution became clear. The samples were ready to be measured by AAS using an air-acetylene flame. The conclusion of this study was that the heavy metal content of Cd in tilapia (O. mossambicus) originating from TSL was 0.03 mg/kg (ppm).

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