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Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa Gedung F2 Lantai 3, Jl. Terompong No.24 , Sumerta Kelod, Kec. Denpasar Tim., Kota Denpasar, Bali 80239
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Aesculapius Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 28290712     EISSN : 28086848     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22225
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
AMJ (Aesculapius Medical Journal) is a peer-reviewed medical journal that published research articles and theoretical articles in medical science. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. It aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research articles, review articles, and book reviews. The scope of this journal area any topics concerning medical studies in all aspects. AMJ (Aesculapius Medical Journal) published by Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa 3 times a year. AMJ (Aesculapius Medical Journal) is available in print and online version. AMJ (Aesculapius Medical Journal) is Available online at https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/amj/index, since Volume 1 No 1 October, 2021.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 170 Documents
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The Potential of MIPGLE (Microencapsulation of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract) as a Natural Medicine for Tuberculosis I Putu Anda Tresna Dananta; Putu Prajata Vistara Putera
Aesculapius Medical Journal 273-283
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.273-283

Abstract

Abstract Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the 10 diseases that cause the largest number of deaths in the world. Therefore, strategic steps to treat Tuberculosis are very necessary. One effort that can be made as an alternative treatment for Tuberculosis patients is the administration of natural medicine. Natural medicines can be produced through the use of natural ingredients such as guava leaves. Guava leaves contain antibacterial compounds, namely chalcone (flavonoid). This research is an experimental study intended to analyze the potential of chalcone in microencapsulation of Psidium guajava leaves extract as a natural medicine for tuberculosis in silico. The research results showed that microencapsulation phytochemistry showed positive results for flavonoid, tannin, phenol and saponin compounds with flavonoid levels of 201.513 mg/100mg QE. The SEM test results show that the Psidium guajava extract has been encapsulated in the maltodextrin-gelatine coating well and has a particle size of 115.442 ?m. This research proven that chalcone has potential as an antibacterial agent through the results of PASS analysis with Pa of 0.284. chalcone with a single dose of drug 1048 mg/kg is known to be feasible as a drug substance with proven feasibility in various pharmaceutical aspects and 4th toxicity shows a low level of toxic impact to the body if this microencapsulation is consumed orally. Keywords: Microencapsulation, Natural Medicine, Psidium guajava, Tuberculosis
Review Article: Potensi Bahan Alam Produk Lokal Indonesia sebagai Bahan Aktif Skincare Shafa Ulya Rahmah; Shafa Alifia Nurjihan; Nani Kartinah; Mizan Humaidy
Aesculapius Medical Journal 284-292
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.284-292

Abstract

Abstract [Review Article: The Potential of Indonesian Botanicals as Active Ingredients in Skincare] Indonesia possesses a rich diversity and abundance of bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological potential. The increasing consumer demand for safe, effective, and environmentally friendly cosmetic products has spurred rapid development in the use of natural ingredients as active components in the local skincare industry. This study aims to explore the potential of abundant natural ingredients in Indonesia, such as Centella asiatica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Aloe vera, Artemisia vulgaris, and Psoralea corylifolia, as active components in skincare products, focusing on innovations and the challenges faced by the industry. A systematic review was conducted using the Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) method. A search for relevant articles published between 2015 and 2025 was performed on the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases through a two-stage process: screening of titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text evaluation of the journals. The research output includes a classification, an overview of trends (innovations), and the identification of gaps or problems (formulation constraints). The results indicate that these five natural ingredients are consistently reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-aging activities. The most prominent innovation trends include the use of synergistic combinations of active ingredients, microneedle delivery systems, and nanoparticle encapsulation to achieve maximum efficacy. The primary challenges predominantly identified are issues with compound stability, low bioavailability, and variability in raw material quality. This review provides a research map that highlights the gap between bioactive potential and formulation challenges, offering direction for future research and the development of globally competitive local skincare products. Keywords: natural ingredients, skincare, local cosmetics, article review
Analisis Bibliometrik Tren Penelitian Penggunaan Gadget, Pola Tidur, dan Kesehatan Mental: Studi Berdasarkan Data Dimensions dan Publish or Perish (2020–2026) Menggunakan VOSviewer Baiq Amalia Sholiha; Herni Sulastien; Diny Kusumawardani
Aesculapius Medical Journal 293-297
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.293-297

Abstract

Abstract The rapid increase in gadget use in recent years has impacted sleep patterns and mental health, particularly in children and adolescents. This study aims to map research trends related to this topic through bibliometric analysis. Data were obtained from Dimensions (30 articles) and Publish or Perish (866 articles) for the period 2020–2026. Analysis using VOSviewer produced three visualizations: network, overlay, and density. The network visualization results revealed five main clusters: gadget use, sleep disorders, mental health, special populations, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The overlay visualization shows a shift in research focus from the pandemic (2020–2022) to gadget addiction and sleep quality (2023–2026). The density visualization highlights dense keywords such as child, gadget use, addiction, and sleep pattern. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of global research directions and can inform public health interventions to limit screen time and promote healthy sleep habits. KEYWORD : Bibliometrics; Gedget ; Mental Health; Sleep Patterns; VOSviewer
Tinjauan Literatur: Pertimbangan Klinis Antiinflamasi Nonsteroid selama Kehamilan Berdasarkan Profil Risiko dan Keuntungan Terapeutik Kemuning Pancar Wangi; Cut Nadia Anne Sanha; Noor Cahaya
Aesculapius Medical Journal 298-309
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.298-309

Abstract

Abstract [Literature Review: Clinical Consideration for Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Pregnancy Based on Risk Profile and Therapeutic Benefits] The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in pregnant women is an important topic in clinical practice, given the potential risks to both the mother and the fetus. NSAIDs are commonly used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever, but their use during pregnancy should be approached with caution due to evidence linking them to various complications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NSAIDs administration based on the type of drug, trimester of exposure, and maternal clinical condition, thus influencing NSAIDs therapy in pregnant women. The method used in this study was a literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, resulting in five articles selected through inclusion and exclusion. Nonselective NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and indomethacin are associated with an increased risk of prematurity, major congenital malformations, and oligohydramnios, especially when used in the first trimester or long-term. Given these risks, the use of NSAIDs during pregnancy requires careful consideration. In contrast, low-dose aspirin has been shown to have protective benefits in preventing pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth in high-risk pregnancies, particularly when initiated in the first trimester. Based on evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled clinical trials, NSAIDs use during pregnancy should be selective, considering the type, dose, and timing of administration, and should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional. Keywords: NSAIDs, pregnancy, trimester, prematurity, preeclampsia
Pektin Dan Potensinya Sebagai Intervensi Nutrisi Anti Kolesterol Pada Pencegahan Penyakit Kardiovaskular Septian Aulia Najwa; Feni Rahmawati Putri; Muhammad Rifqi Aminullah
Aesculapius Medical Journal 310-318
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.310-318

Abstract

Abstract Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia, particularly elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C, as one of the most significant risk factors. This study aims to review the role of pectin, a soluble fiber from fruits and vegetables, as a non-pharmacological nutritional intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. The findings indicate that consuming 6–15 g/day of pectin can reduce LDL levels by up to 7% without affecting HDL-C. The main mechanisms include increasing intestinal viscosity to inhibit lipid absorption, binding bile acids to enhance cholesterol excretion, and fermentation by gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly propionate, which suppresses hepatic cholesterol synthesis. In addition, pectin improves glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to overall cardiometabolic health. In conclusion, pectin shows promise as a nutritional strategy for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease risk, although further standardized long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and consistency. Keywords: Pectin, soluble fiber, cholesterol, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease
Peran Tari Tradisional Bali Pada Kesehatan Fisik dan Psikologis: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka Misyelline Lian Wijaya Gunardi; Putu Alvina Damayanti; Komang Nia Triani; Ida Bagus Yorky Brahmantya; I Gusti Ngurah Putra Eka Santosa
Aesculapius Medical Journal 319-329
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.319-329

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives: Traditional dance holds a central role in religious and customary practices, a perspective that often overshadows its potential as a beneficial physical activity for health. This perceptual gap prompted this literature review, which aims to examine the existing scientific evidence on the health benefits of Balinese traditional dance. Furthermore, this study seeks to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms of these positive impacts, thereby providing a robust scientific basis for its integration into health programs. Methods: A narrative review approach was utilized in this study. A structured literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases. A total of nine relevant research articles were identified and selected for in-depth analysis. Results: Balinese traditional dance yields a variety of health benefits. Physically, the practice is effective in enhancing physical fitness, optimizing body composition through the reduction of subcutaneous fat, and improving cardiorespiratory system function, as reflected by increased VO?max values and vital lung capacity. These benefits are not limited to adults; in children, dance demonstrably supports the development of fundamental gross motor skills, such as balance and movement coordination. From a psychological perspective, Balinese traditional dance intervention also shows positive effects, particularly in athletes, through an enhanced ability for concentration and mental resilience. Conclusion: Balinese Traditional Dance is a culture-based physical activity modality with the potential to serve as a holistic and complementary health intervention for integration into public health promotion programs. Keywords: Traditional Dance, Health, Culture
Neuroanatomi DID: Hipokampus, Amigdala, dan Trauma Masa Kanak-kanak Angeline Rosemarie Yohana Hutahaean
Aesculapius Medical Journal 330-348
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.330-348

Abstract

Abstract [Neuroanatomy of DID: Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Childhood Trauma] Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a complex dissociative disorder characterized by identity fragmentation, amnesia, and emotional dysregulation. Repeated childhood trauma has been shown to be a major factor in the etiology of DID, leaving persistent changes in the hippocampus and amygdala, which play a crucial role in memory and emotional regulation. The review revealed reduced hippocampal volume in DID patients, particularly in the CA2–3 subfield, CA4–dentate gyrus, and subiculum, which is associated with impaired memory consolidation and dissociative amnesia. Conversely, the amygdala exhibits hyperactivity to emotional stimuli, triggering hypervigilance and emotional dysregulation. Neuroimaging studies, including fMRI perfusion and PET, consistently support the existence of two primary identities: the Apparently Normal Part (ANP) and the Emotional Part (EP), with distinct brain activation patterns that cannot be replicated in healthy individuals. These findings strengthen the neurobiological validity of DID. Thus, childhood trauma plays a central role in the development of DID through dissociative mechanisms and neuroanatomical changes in the hippocampus and amygdala, opening up opportunities for the development of biomarkers for more accurate diagnosis and trauma-based therapeutic interventions. Keyword: Dissociative Identity Disorder, childhood trauma, hippocampus, amygdala, neuroimaging.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Adolescent Obesity, and Preventive Strategies: A Systematic Review Luthfia Ranie Amaliasari; Laila Hasanati Sholehah; Aliya Hegar Nugrahani
Aesculapius Medical Journal 349-359
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.349-359

Abstract

Abstract The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has risen significantly over the past three decades and has become a major risk factor for adolescent obesity. This article aims to review global and national trends in SSB consumption and their implications for adolescent obesity prevalence. The method applied was a literature review of epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, global health survey reports, and national data. Findings indicate that more than 30% of adolescents worldwide consume SSBs daily, with the highest prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Indonesia, the 2023 National Health Survey reported that nearly half of adolescents consume sugary drinks every day. Excessive SSB intake contributes to increased caloric intake, insulin resistance, hormonal imbalance, and altered eating behaviors leading to higher body mass index. Both mechanistic and epidemiological evidence consistently demonstrate a significant association between SSB consumption and adolescent obesity, with greater risks observed among those with higher daily intake. Environmental factors, modern dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyles, and psychosocial stressors further exacerbate the condition. In conclusion, SSB consumption is a critical determinant of adolescent obesity, and prevention strategies require a comprehensive approach involving nutrition education, school environment regulation, parental engagement, and public health policies. Keywords: sugar-sweetened beverages, adolescent obesity, epidemiology, lifestyle, public health
Studi Literatur Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence untuk Terapi Gangguan Muskuloskeletal Alista Arini Kamaliya A.P; Neysa Fashila Nur Amellia; Nisrina Fauzia k.
Aesculapius Medical Journal 360-365
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.360-365

Abstract

Abstract Background: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in physiotherapy and musculoskeletal rehabilitation has developed rapidly due to its potential to improve service accessibility, therapy personalization, patient education, and exercise monitoring. However, the consistency of clinical recommendations and the continued need for professional supervision remain important concerns. Objective: To review the scientific evidence regarding the use of AI in the management of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the context of rehabilitation and clinical decision-support systems. Methods: This article is a narrative literature review. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus database using the keywords “musculoskeletal disorder” AND “artificial intelligence”. Eligible studies included research articles published between 2020 and 2025 in scientific journals and relevant to the application of AI in musculoskeletal disorders. From an initial 251 publications, studies were screened based on article type, year of publication, title, abstract, study objectives, results, and availability of full-text manuscripts, resulting in 8 articles included in the analysis. Results: The eight selected articles demonstrated that AI has been applied in various forms, including large language models such as GPT-4, digital care programs, AI-based patient-reported outcome measures, and computer vision systems for movement analysis. Overall, AI showed considerable potential in patient education, exercise recommendation, rehabilitation monitoring, expansion of healthcare service coverage, and pain reduction in several musculoskeletal conditions. GPT-4 was reported to outperform GPT-3.5 in diagnosis and treatment planning; however, its consistency with rehabilitation guidelines has not yet been fully optimized. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence has the potential to serve as a valuable adjunctive tool in the management of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly for education, monitoring, and rehabilitation personalization. Nevertheless, its implementation still requires clinical validation and professional oversight, ensuring that AI functions as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for physiotherapists. Keywords: artificial intelligence, physiotherapy, musculoskeletal, rehabilitation, GPT-4.
Kejang pada Tuberkuloma Intrakranial dengan Tuberkulosis Diseminata dan Herpes Zoster Konkomitan: Suatu Pertemuan Klinis yang Jarang Putu Ayu Diah Meita Wulandari; I Ketut Sumada; Desie Yuliani; Ni Made Kurnia Dwi Jayanthi; Yoanes Gondowardaja
Aesculapius Medical Journal 366-373
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.6.1.2026.366-373

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) with central nervous system involvement represents a severe form of extrapulmonary TB that may lead to intracranial tuberculoma and provoke seizures. Herpes zoster coinfection reflects impaired cellular immunity and is rarely reported concurrently, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man presented with two episodes of focal to bilateral tonic seizures. The patient had a history of miliary TB and was undergoing continuation-phase anti-tuberculosis therapy. Herpes zoster lesions appeared one week prior to admission. On presentation, the patient was stuporous but later improved without focal neurological deficits. Head CT revealed multiple bilateral parietal hypodense lesions, while previous MRI findings were suggestive of multiple intracranial tuberculomas. HIV status was non-reactive. Discussion: Seizures in elderly patients are often associated with structural brain lesions, including tuberculomas resulting from hematogenous spread of disseminated TB and formation of Rich foci. Inflammatory edema and caseous necrosis contribute to decreased seizure threshold. The coexistence of herpes zoster indicates cellular immune dysregulation in elderly patients even in the absence of HIV infection. Conclusion: The combination of seizures, multiple intracranial tuberculomas, disseminated TB, and herpes zoster is rare but clinically important. Neuroimaging evaluation and comprehensive management are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Keywords: Disseminated tuberculosis, tuberculoma, seizures, herpes zoster, central nervous system infection.

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