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Prof. Diah Ayu Maharani, DDS, PhD
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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
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Articles 270 Documents
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Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Stress in Medical Students of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia Siddiqui, Aesha F
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Self-efficacy and stress are closely related concepts. These concepts have been endorsed as the primary causes influencing the adaptation of students to the college environment. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Measure self-efficacy among medical students, 2) Study association of self-efficacy with basic characteristics of the students, 3) Determine the role of self-efficacy as a predictor of stress. Methods: Self efficacy and stress were measured using the Kesseler-10 instrument and the General Self Efficacy scale, for 267 medical students, including both sexes. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics for the basic characteristics and self-efficacy, independent samples t-test and ANOVA to find the association between self-efficacy and various socio-demographic factors and correlation and regression analysis to determine the role of self-efficacy as a predictor of stress. Results: Students aged more than 22 years had significantly higher self–efficacy scores as compared to younger students (t=2.32; p ˂ 0.05). The linear relationship between stress and self-efficacy was demonstrated using Pearson’s correlation. A significant negative correlation was revealed (r = -0.136, R2 = 0.018); p ˂ 0.05. Self efficacy was identified as a predictor of stress. Predicted stress score = 27.91+ (-.165* X). Conclusions: Self efficacy has a significant negative correlation with stress in medical students and is a predictor of stress.
Low-Level Laser Therapy to the Major Salivary Glands Increases Salivary Flow and MUC5B Protein Secretion in Diabetic Patients with Hyposalivation: A Preliminary Study Wibawa, Awaludin; Sucharitakul, Jeerus; Dansirikul, Rungthip; Pisarnturakit, Pagaporn P; Bhuridej, Patita; Arirachakaran, Pratanporn
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy to salivary gland function in diabetic patients with hyposalivation. Methods: Twelve diabetic patients were recruited. A 940-nm indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphide low-power semiconductor diode laser was used to stimulate the major salivary glands with an irradiation time of 40 s; this was done three times a week for 2 consecutive weeks. Patients were given questionnaires related to dry mouth symptoms. Salivary flow rates, questionnaire responses as well as MUC7, MUC5B and histatin 5 protein salivary concentrations were assessed at the first and sixth visits after laser therapy as well at the 6-week follow-up visit. Results: The unstimulated salivary flow rate and MUC5B concentration at the follow-up visit significantly increased (p < 0.01). Histatin 5 concentration significantly decreased at the follow-up visit compared with that at the first visit (p < 0.05). The mean dry mouth score revealed a significant decrease in dry mouth symptoms at the sixth visit and follow-up visit compared with those at the first visit (p < 0.001). The positive correlation between dry mouth score and flow rate was the strongest at the sixth visit (rs = 0.549). Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy increased the salivary flow rate and decreased dry mouth symptoms in diabetic patients.
Mentorship Programme Criteria and Performance Outcomes of Nurses’ Perceptions Rudin, Noriedayu MN; Ludin, Salizar M
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Mentoring of new staff nurses is a common practice, and international studies have shown it to be associated with increased retention rates, better acquisition of nursing professional identity and increased job satisfaction. However, the outcomes of mentoring programmes in Malaysia are unclear, and in this study, we aimed to explore them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via convenience sampling at two hospitals. A Mentoring Novice for Medical Surgical Nurse (MNMSN) questionnaire was distributed to recent graduates/full-time nurses. It consisted of 50 items pertaining to the assessment of patient, clinical decision making, cultural competency, commitment to professional nursing standards, positive feeling about nursing at this hospital and willingness to remain in the nursing profession. Results: A total of 61 nurses responded (response rate 100%). Significant differences pre- and post-mentorship programme were observed (patient assessment r = 0.304, p = 0.009; clinical decision-making r = 0.394, p = 0.006; cultural competency r = 0.202, p = 0.01; commitment to professional nursing standards r = 0.423, p = 0; positive feeling about nursing at this hospital r = 0.404, p = 0.001; and willingness to remain in the nursing profession r = 0.312, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The mentorship programme had a positive impact on the clinical component of nursing among hospital-based nurses.
Myocardial Infarction Elevates Inflammation and Contributes to the Formation of Atheroma Plaques in the Aorta of Hypercholesterolaemic Rats Kurniati, Neng F; Angelia, Teresa; Artarini, Aluicia A; Nurfatwa, Maritsa
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease that can be caused by athesclerotic plaque rupture. However, the role of MI in influencing endothelial cells is still not clearly known, especially in atheroma plaque development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MI in the inflammatory processes occurring in the hypercholesterolaemic rat aorta and heart by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Methods: Wistar rats were categorised into normal, normal–MI, hypercholesterolaemic and hypercholesterolaemic–MI groups. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in rats by feeding them with a high-cholesterol diet, followed by oral administrations of cholesterol, cholic acid and propylthiouracil. The MI rat model was created by injecting isoproterenol (intraperitoneal) 1 day before the animals were sacrificed. The success of the induction was confirmed based on a significant increase in total cholesterol values compared to those in the normal group. The inflammatory condition was determined by measuring the MPO levels using the dot blot method. Results: MPO expression was increased significantly in the hypercholesterolaemic rats compared to that in the normal group. The highest aorta MPO expression was observed in the hypercholesterolaemic–MI group. Both MI rats and hypercholesterolaemic rats showed a similar increase in MPO expression in the heart (71.7% and 75.5%, respectively). However, the hypercholesterolaemic–MI rats showed the highest MPO expression (119.59%). Conclusions: MI accelerates inflammation in the aorta of hyper-cholesterolaemic rats.
Iron Status, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among 12- to 15-Year-Old Adolescent Girls from Different Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia Sumarlan, Eka S; Windiastuti, Endang; Gunardi, Hartono
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the iron status and the prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among adolescent girls in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12- to 15-year-old girls studying in junior high schools that were categorized into high and low socioeconomic status (SES). Their menstrual and nutritional status, parents’ education level and income, and iron intake were assessed. Tuberculin test and assessments for C-reactive protein levels and hematologic and iron parameters were also conducted. Results: Iron status was normal in 69.3% of 163 subjects. The prevalence of non-anemic iron deficiency was higher (17.2%; 3.1% iron depletion and 14.1% iron deficiency) than that of IDA (13.5%). The prevalence of IDA was lower among girls from the high SES than that among girls from the low SES (11.5% and 15.8%, respectively). There was no significant relationship among IDA and nutritional status, menstrual status and characteristics, SES, iron intake, and parents’ education level and income; however, bioavailable iron intake in all subjects was found to be less compared to the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Conclusions: The higher prevalence of non-anemic iron deficiency than IDA is a potential risk factor for increasing the prevalence of IDA in the future. No significant relationship was found between IDA and its risk factors; however, iron intake was less compared to the RDA in all subjects, which requires further attention.
Infections of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis as Risk Factors for Abnormal Cervical Cells Mardhia, Mardhia; Effiana, Effiana; Irsan, Abror; Natalia, Diana; Rahmayanti, Sari; Indarti, Junita; Rachmadi, Lisnawati; Yasmon, Andi
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women across the world. Recent studies have shown that cervical cancer is not only caused by persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), but sexually transmitted infections (STIs) also play a role in the pathogenesis of abnormal cervical cells. STIs frequently occur with no specific symptoms, such as the infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis. Asymptomatic STIs could lead to persistent infection. Persistent infections caused by STIs have been hypothesised to increase the access of HPV into the deeper cervical tissue and cause cervical cell abnormalities. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association between C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections and abnormal cervical cells. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 58 outpatients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Abnormal cervical cells were detected by a liquid-based cytology Pap smear, and bacterial identification was done by conducting conventional duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 58 patients, 14 (24.1%) showed abnormal cervical cells, whereas 44 (75.9%) patients showed normal cervical cells. The conventional duplex PCR demonstrated a positive result for C. trachomatis and M. hominis bacterial infections in only 1 (7.1%) and 2 (14.3%) patients with abnormal cervical cells, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the bacterial infections and the abnormal cervical cytology in the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Infections caused by C. trachomatis and/or M. hominis were not associated with abnormal cervical cells.
The Effect of Flaxseed Ethanolic Extract on the Structure of the Kidney and the Endocrine Pancreas in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats Al-Ani, Imad Matloub; Al-Ani, Ghassan A; Azzubaidi, Marwan S; Al-Ahmed, Basma I
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 21, No. 3
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Background: The present investigation has been designed to study the possible protective effect of flaxseed extract on the structures of the endocrine pancreas and kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats for 30 days. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 8). Normal control group (NC); received distilled water orally, normal flaxseed group (NF); treated orally with (400 mg/kg) extract of flaxseed, diabetic control group (DC); treated with single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (60 mg/kg), diabetic flaxseed group (DF); diabetic rats treated with extract of flaxseed (400 mg/kg), diabetic glibenclamide group (DG); diabetic rats treated with (0.6 mg/kg) glibenclamide. Results: Histological observation of sections in pancreas in DC group revealed shrunken islets of Langerhans with degenerated and degranulated β -cells, vacuolations and congested capillaries while sections of kidneys showed shrinkage of some glomeruli and degeneration of others with wide urinary space and hydropic degeneration in some tubular epithelial cells, dilated tubules and cell debris scattered in tubular lumina. These pathological changes were ameliorated in the flaxseed extract and glibenclamide treated rats. Conclusions: It is concluded that flaxseed extract may represent a good alternative treatment for management of diabetes and its related complications such as diabetic nephropathy.
A Phenotypic Comparison between HIV Positive and HIV Negative Tuberculous Meningitis Patients Anggraini, Ita; Hartantri, Yovita; Rizal, Ahmad
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 21, No. 3
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Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common type of meningitis found in humans and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major risk factor of TBM. This study aimed to identify phenotype differences, such as clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, and chest x-ray results between HIV positive and HIV negative TBM patients. Methods: This was a comparative analytical study of 123 TBM patients. The patients were divided into two groups based on their HIV status, and their phenotypes were compared. A retrospective cross sectional designed study was carried out in case report form using a TBM cohort and Rifampicin dose finding study in the neurological ward at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, between January 2015 and August 2016. Categorical data was analysed using Chi square tests and the alternative Fisher’s Exact test and Mann-Whitney test was used for numerical data. P-values were significant if p < 0.05. Results: Of the phenotypic parameters, only the CSF results had statistical difference. HIV positive subjects had higher CSF to blood glucose ratios (0.42 vs. 0.18; p = 0.001) and fewer leukocyte cells (41 vs. 199; p < 0.001). Conclusions: CSF findings of TBM patients’ revealed differences between HIV positive and negative patients, whilst clinical manifestations and chest x-ray results showed no differences.
The Specifications and Ingredients Found in Commercially Available Toothpastes Gundavarapu, Kalyan C; Ramachandra, Srinivas S; Dicksit, Daniel D; Gupta, Vivek V
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 21, No. 3
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the specifications and ingredients of various commercially available toothpastes in Malaysia. Methods: Various toothpaste brand samples were collected from malls & pharmacies in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Each brand was studied and information regarding the presence or absence of fluoride, the fluoride content, whether the fluoride content was displayed on the packaging, the type of fluoride present, and the country of manufacture was noted. Using this information, a comprehensive list of commercially available toothpastes in the Malaysian market was prepared. Results: the 57 toothpastes collected, 12.3% (n = 7) did not state their fluoride contents, 15.8% (n = 9) were non-fluoridated, and 72% (n = 41) were fluoridated. From the 41 fluoridated toothpastes, 80% specified the type of fluoride present, with 60% containing sodium monofluorophosphate and 40% containing sodium fluoride. Of the 41 fluoridated toothpastes, only 38% specified the parts per million of fluoride. Conclusions: There is lack of standardisation regarding the labelling specifications amongst various toothpastes on the Malaysian market. This standard needs to be identified and should include information regarding the type of fluoride, concentration of fluoride, country of manufacture, and other necessary specifications printed on the toothpaste packaging.
Socio-Economics of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Adult Tuberculosis Household Contacts in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province Asyary, Al; Junadi, Purnawan; Purwantyastuti, Purwantyastuti; Eryando, Tris
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 21, No. 3
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Background: Since the tuberculosis (TB) disease in children constitutes a global health problem that has long been neglected, this study sought to predict socioeconomic factors as public-health determinants that could protect children who were exposed to TB in their household. Method: A case-control study of 132 children (under 14 years old) who shared their household with adults suffering from pulmonary TB was conducted in the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This study consisted of an interview and anthropometry measurement for the controls screening test, while the cases were monitored by pediatricians with a scoring system childhood TB diagnosis from the secondary hospital database. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the results. Results: A healthy housing condition, predicted by a naturally illuminated luminary bedroom prevented the incidence of the childhood TB disease (p = 0.043) even if exposed to adult TB in their environment (p = 0.775). Conclusions: Healthy housing factors with good sunlight protected children especially at the early stage, when there were active pulmonary TB adult household contacts. Ventilation and morning sunlight facilitated air circulation, vitality and the body’s immune system towards TB protection.

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