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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 28, No. 4" : 10 Documents clear
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Saurida spp. (Teleostei: Synodontidae) from Saudi Arabia and Indonesia Santanumurti, Muhammad Browijoyo; Suciyono, Suciyono; Abu El-Regal, Mohamed Ahmed
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Abstract

Saurida is a unique fishery commodity because it is difficult to differentiate visually. They can be only effectively con-served once accurately identified. This study aimed to determine the morphology and molecular characteristics of Sau-rida spp. from Banyuwangi (Indonesia) and Jizan (Saudi Arabia). Meristic and morphometric analysis was performed for morphological identification, whereas COI gene analysis was performed for molecular identification. Morphological analysis was performed to identify Saurida in this study, such as S. tumbil (Jizan, Saudi Arabia) and S. micropectoralis (Banyuwangi, Indonesia). S. tumbil did not have dark brown spots on the lateral line and upper caudal fin, whereas S. micropectoralis had 6–9 spots on those parts. S. tumbil also had a larger body size, white intestines, and more dorsal fin spines, and its pectoral fin could reach the pelvic fin. This was different with S. micropectoralis, which had a smaller body size, black intestines, and fewer dorsal fin spines, and its pectoral fin was far from the pelvic fin. Molecular identi-fication showed 100% of S. tumbil for the sample from Jizan and 99.84% S. micropectoralis for the sample from Banyuwangi. Morphological and molecular characteristics can be combined for Saurida identification to avoid misi-dentification for future studies.
Kinetics Model of Cananga (Cananga Odorata) Fresh Flower Extraction using Microwave Hydrodistillation Method Darnengsih, Darnengsih; Ni’mah, Hikmatun; Mahfud, Mahfud; Kartika Fitri, Ayu Chandra
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Recent studies have focused on improving essential oil extraction methods by incorporating advanced technologies, such as microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD). Despite these advancements, further research is necessary to fully understand how different kinetic models influence extraction efficiency. This study evaluates several kinetic models for extracting essential oil from fresh Cananga flowers using MHD, examining how varying microwave power affects extraction rates and correlates with kinetic model parameters. The extraction process involved introducing 200 grams of fresh Cananga flowers in 400 mL of distilled water and subjecting the mixture to microwave power levels of 200 W, 400 W, and 600 W. The extraction lasted for 180 minutes, with measurements periodically 20 minutes. The data ob-tained analysed using first-order, second-order, power law, hyperbolic kinetic models, and the Elovich’s equation. Re-sults showed that the hyperbolic and power law models provided the best fit for the extraction data, with high accuracy demonstrated by a strong correlation (R² = 0.9992) and low root mean square error (RMSE = 0.0042). These findings suggest that these kinetic models are highly effective for describing the MHD extraction of Cananga essential oil, offer-ing insights for optimizing the process.
Degradation and Digestion of Polypropylene, Polyethylene, and Styrofoam by Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidae) Larvae Subchan, Wachju; Rohman, Abdu; Prihatin, Jekti; Salma, Fahriyah Ulimatus; Halimah, Rohima Novianti; Jannah, Alifia Wardhatul; Rosita, Risa
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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The increasing use of disposable plastic bags is affecting environmental problems because it requires thousands of years to degrade naturally. To overcome these problems, mealworms (larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.) become an alter-native solution. They can be considered as biodegradation agents of plastic because of the presence of symbiont bacte-ria in its gut that secretes plastic-depolymerizing enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the degradation and digestion ability of T. molitor in consuming various plastic types and thickness. Two designs have also been used: first, comparing the degradation and digestion of various plastic types, and second, comparing the degradation and diges-tion of various plastic bag thicknesses. The first design consists of three types of treatments, and the control group comprised three repetitions. The control group was fed with concentrate; treatment group 1 (P1), PP plastic bags; treat-ment group 2 (P2), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bags; and treatment group 3 (P3), styrofoam. The second design encompasses two treatment types, and the control group composed of repetitions. The control group was fed with concentrate; treatment group 1 (P1), HDPE plastic bags with a thickness 0.01 mm; and treatment group 2 (P2), HDPE plastic bags with a thickness of 0.02 mm. The result indicates that in the first design, the highest degradation and digestion occurred in treatment 3 (styrofoam) with an average of 0.001267 and 0.0063 fragment/individual, respective-ly. The second design the highest degradation occurred at P1 of 0.000009609 mg/day/individual. The highest digestion occurred at P1 with a total average of 0.004568 fragment/individual.
MnSOD Gene Knockout Promotes Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer BT-549 Cells Through Survivin Inhibition and Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 Modulation Ghanny, Niken Rahmah; Wanandi, Septelia Inawati; Arumsari, Sekar; Paramita, Rafika Indah; Syahrani, Resda Akhra; Putri, Putu Indah Paramita Adi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by the lack of estro-gen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors. TNBC cells are becoming more aggressive due to the high expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) antioxidants to suppress reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and promote oncogenic signaling. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of MnSOD knockout (KO) on TNBC cell apoptosis by assessing the survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 expressions. BT-549 TNBC cells containing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-edited MnSOD gene were used to evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of survivin using the RT-qPCR assay. The West-ern blot assay was used to measure protein expressions of survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Interactions between MnSOD and apoptosis-related proteins were simulated using computational methods based on molecular docking analysis and protein−protein interaction network. This study revealed that MnSOD KO decreased the binding affinity between MnSOD and survivin, in line with the significant reduction of survivin mRNA and protein expressions whereas the protein expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3 increased in MnSOD KO cells. Therefore, MnSOD plays a pivotal role in BT-549 cell apoptosis by modulating survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 gene expressions. This study provides insights into a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate the aggressiveness of TNBC by disrupting MnSOD gene expression. Further studies should elaborate the MnSOD signaling pathways involving closely related apoptotic proteins.
Activities of Cellulolytic, Amylolytic, and Secondary Metabolites from Thermophilic Actinomycetes Collected from the Heated Soil around Cisolok Geyser Sari, Dhian Chitra Ayu Fitria; Ningsih, Fitria; Rachmania, Mazytha Kinanti; Yokota, Akira; Sjamsuridzal, Wellyzar
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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This study investigated the antimicrobial activity, cellulolytic, and amylolytic abilities of eight thermophilic Actinomy-cetes isolated from the heated soil around the Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia. Cellulolytic and amylolytic abili-ties were screened for on media by adding 1% (w/v) soluble starch and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), respectively. Antimicrobial activity was screened for using the agar-plug diffusion method by cultivating strains on various growth media. Growth at various temperatures showed that six strains could grow up to 50 °C. Seven out of eight strains showed amylolytic ability at 40 °C and 45 °C, and only four strains did so at 50 °C. Screening for cellulolytic ability showed that seven strains could hydrolyze CMC at 40 °C, whereas seven and five strains could hydrolyze at 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Antibacterial activity showed that strains UICC B-110 and UICC B-118 grown on various media could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The results of the antifungal activity test showed that strain UICC B-118, incubated for seven and 14 days, could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Based on 16S rRNA gene se-quence similarity and phylogenetic analyses, strains UICC B-110 and UICC B-118 were identified as Streptomyces glaucescens and Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea, respectively. These results show that thermophilic Actinomycetes from the soil around the Cisolok geyser have the potential as a source of thermostable enzymes and new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity.
The Effect of Thidiazuron Treatment on the Growth of Vanda limbata Blume in vivo Ditasya Putri, Novika; Setiari, Nintya; Nurchayati, Yulita; Agung Suedy, Sri Widodo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Vanda limbata is one of the most popular ornamental orchids. Currently, its growth is slow, making it necessary to improve its cultivation techniques. One of the possible ways to achieve this is to use plant growth regulator (PGR) treatment. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a cytokinin used to increase the growth of V. limbata. This study aimed to determine the effect of TDZ concentration on the growth rate of V. limbata. The study involved cultivating V. limbata on planting media and spraying it with TDZ at various concentrations. This research uses a CRD (Completely Randomized Design) single-factor, which is TDZ concentration at three concentrations (factor levels) of 0, 25, and 50 ppm. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% significance level. The study ran for three months and the following response variables were measure: the number of new leaves, increase in length of old leaves, length of new leaves, increase in width of old leaves, width of new leaves, number of roots, and stomatal density. The results showed that TDZ significantly increased leaf length and the number of new leaves of V. limbata, but decreased the density of stomata. Thidiazuron at 50 ppm was the best treatment for increasing the growth of V. limbata.
Observations on the Biodegration by Solid State Fermentation of the Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) Biomass by two endolichenic fungi isolates Helena, Maria; Lawalata, Helen Joan; Rahardiyan, Dino; Rawung, Livana Dethris; Moko, Emma Mauren
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Giant swamp taro (GST/Cyrtosperma merkusii), a local North Sulawesi coastal plant, is underutilized but has high po-tential for cultivation as a paludiculture plant on rewetted peatland restorations. GST has high starch content and is currently being explored for potential use. This study explored the potential of using the biomass pulp yielded as resi-dues of the starch extraction process. Endolichenic fungi (Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus aculeatus) isolated from local lichens, were inoculated on the GST biomass in a solid state fermentation (SSF). Findings of this study indicate that both isolates were effective in degrading the lignocellulosic biomass of GST over an incubation period of 28 days, focusing on cellulose as the targeted polysaccharide. Although T. reesei requires a more adjusted carbon source than A. aculeatus to effectively process the biomass, the effectiveness of the bioprocess after adjustment matched that of A. aculeatus. When hemicellulose is targeted, other strategies must be used to prevent destruction of hemicellulose during the process. This phenomenon should be explored in further studies. These findings indicate the potential of industrial-izing cellulose-based products from GST using local North Sulawesi fungal species abundantly occurring in local eco-systems.
Phytoplankton as a Bioindicator for Evaluation of the Irrigation Water Quality near a Metal-Coating Factory Nasihah, Mimatun; Ardyati, Ardyati; Siswanto, Dian; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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The irrigation water quality in Plosowahyu village, Lamongan District, Indonesia, has declined because of industrial waste disposal in irrigation canals. Specifically, waste from a metal-coating factory considerably threatens the aquatic ecosystem. To assess the impact, we evaluated water quality on the basis of phytoplankton diversity and various phys-icochemical parameters. We collected water and phytoplankton samples from four locations in Plosowahyu village: before the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outlet of the metal-coating factory, at this outlet, and from two sites in Wahyu River, with three repetitions at each site. The study measured several physicochemical parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids, conductivity, temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), bio-logical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate, orthophosphate, bicarbonate, total organic matter, sodium adsorption ratio, and lead (Pb) concentration. Phytoplankton diversity, indicated by the Shannon–Wiener index, suggested that water quality was moderately polluted at the locations before and at the WWTP outlet, lightly polluted at Wahyu River 2, and clean at Wahyu River 1. Physicochemical tests revealed that irrigation water quality parameters were below Indonesian government standards at several locations: TDS at the WWTP outlet of the metal-coating factory, DO at Wahyu River 1 and Wahyu River 2, and COD at the WWTP outlet and both Wahyu Riv-er locations. BOD, nitrate, bicarbonate, and Pb concentrations were below standards at all study sites. Principal compo-nent analysis confirmed that the metal-coating factory considerably degrades water quality. A comprehensive irriga-tion water management plan must be implemented to protect and improve irrigation water quality in Plosowahyu vil-lage.
Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and Recycled Styrofoam Nanofiber for Water Filtration Dani, Rahma; Ismet, Ismet; Marlina, Leni; Alisya, Rona; Aldi, Muhamad Abel Kirana; Ludiansyah, Anggi; Kurdiati, Lintang Auliya; Idjan, Meutia Kamilatun Nuha AP; Mataram, Agung; Almafie, Muhammad Rama; Sriyanti, Ida
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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Water pollution affects life sustainability; hence, several efforts have been exerted to overcome this problem. For ex-ample, nanofiber membrane technology is introduced to retain solutes while allowing only water molecules to pass through the system. Therefore, this study aimed to maximize the technology for water filtration using the electrospin-ning method by combining Styrofoam waste-based polymer with activated carbon from coconut shell waste (ACCS). The nanofiber diameter produced ranged from 590 nm to 610 nm with porous characteristics and without beads. The carbon content varied from 68.04% to 69.84%, according to the energy dispersive X-ray measurement, demonstrating the composite’s effectiveness. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results also indicated carbonization and activation, along with water removal, associated with O-H stretching vibrations of alcohol and phenol, as well as N-H stretching vibrations of amino bonds. Moreover, the mechanical properties were measured using a single-fiber tensile test on X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and Young’s modulus was successfully maintained at 3,209.15 ± 632.877 and 1,839.12 ± 212.637 kPa due to the material amorphous nature. The contact angles were 126.5° and 131°, demon-strating ultra-hydrophobic properties. The addition of ACCS has led to a superior porosity structure for waste filtration. The clean water permeability test also showed that the membrane can withstand a 1–4 bar pressure for 15–60 seconds, demonstrating its strength in resisting water resistance. The trend shows the capacity of the material to potentially func-tion as a superior candidate for water filtration.
Analysis of Dense Metals Accumulation in Shikaripara Stone Mines Gorai, Gopinath; Mandal, Nirajan Kumar
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 4
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This study aimed to measure the amount of dangerous substances in the cultivated area of the Shikaripara stone mines in Jharkhand, India, which are well known for their stone quarrying. Sixteen soil samples were collected at varying dis-tances from the Shikaripara stone mines in the Dumka District of Jharkhand. The metals found in these samples in-clude Pb, As, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cu, Fg, and Fe. The combined amount of the elements was calculated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Enrichment factor, accumulation index, contamination factor, pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow index, and ecological risk index (RI) were employed to assess the level of concentration. Nearly all of the soil samples had lower metal concentrations than normal shale. Among the anthropogenic contributions, principal compo-nent analysis identified three components accounting for 82.6% of the data variability. PLI, RI, and index Nemerow were calculated to ascertain the effects of different toxic substances on the soils. The results revealed that 50% of the total of the areas had considerable pollution of Cu, Zn, Hg, Mn, Cd, As, Fe, and Pb. Extremely high levels of Cu, Zn, and As pollution were located in the soils used in agriculture, and these pollution levels were influenced by how close the areas were to copper mining and processing operations. This study found that the study area had a lower degree of el-emental pollution compared with other countries and places.

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