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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Using In silico Tools to Analyze the 5ʹ Untranslated Regions of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and Omega Sequence Mohammadhassan, Reza; Asadishad, Tina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The 5ʹ ends of protein-encoding genes contain 5ʹ untranslated regions (5ʹUTRs), which can effectively participate in regulating gene expression. The 5ʹUTRs of Arabidospis thaliana–derived alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AtADH) and omega (Ω) sequence from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are the most effective enhancers in biotechnology. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were employed to analyze the characteristics of the above sequences. After 5ʹUTR sequence collection, the inner ribosome entrance sites; small RNA (sRNA) target sequences; nucleotide contents; and upstream start and stop codons, ORFs, and coding DNA sequences of the Ω sequence and AtADH 5ʹUTR were identified. Moreover, the free energies of secondary structures were calculated. Both 5ʹUTRs lacked upstream start codons and proteins, causing no interruptions in ribosome activity. The GC contents of the Ω sequence and AtADH 5ʹUTR were 24% and 30%, respectively. The Ω sequence contains more pyrimidines than AtADH 5ʹUTR. The Ω sequence included only three CAAT box regulatory elements. The free energy of the secondary structures of Ω was less than that of the AtADH 5ʹUTR. Two predicted secondary structures of Ω showed low complexity and free energy. Ω had a longer Inner ribosome entrance sites than the AtADH 5ʹUTR. In contrast to the AtADH 5ʹUTR, Ω was targeted by two sRNAs. Therefore, Ω is more powerful in enhancing ribosomal activity, translation, and protein expression than the AtADH 5ʹUTR.
An Inkjet-printed Graphene Oxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) Electrode for Nitrite Detection in Water Putra, Budi Riza; Anindya, Weni; Rafi, Mohamad; Kartika, Ika; Thaha, Yudi Nugraha; Ridhova, Aga; Wahyuni, Wulan Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) for nitrite (NO2−) sensing was fabricated through an inkjet printing technique using a commercial printer machine and preparing an ink composite solution containing graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as conductive materials. The optimum ink materials for SPE fabrication comprised GO and PEDOT:PSS with binders that resemble the viscosity of commercial ink. The surface topography of the fabricated SPE, which was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, showed a smoother surface compared to the commercial screen-printed carbon electrode, with conductive ink materials deposited primarily from GO/PEDOT:PSS composites. This NO2− sensor exhibited a linear response at the concentration range of 50–1000 µM, with limit of detection and limit of quantification as 25 and 50 µM, respectively. In addition, the stability, reproducibility, and selectivity of this sensor presented acceptable values in the analytical range. Furthermore, the performance of this sensor was compared with that of a spectrophotometry technique using synthetic water samples, and the results revealed its good analytical recovery at a confidence interval of 95%. Thus, our sensor based on SPE-modified GO/PEDOT:PSS, fabricated via the inkjet printing technique, can be potentially applied in monitoring NO2− concentration in real samples.
Effect of Temperature and Steam-to-Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ratio on Hydrogen Production in Water-Gas Shift Reaction using Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalyst Desi, Sekar Kumala; Nursa'adah, Restu Siti; Anindita, Hana Nabila; Muharto, Bambang; Rahmawati, Nurdiah; Rini, Tyas Puspita; Rosyadi, Erlan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study investigates the effect of steam-to-CO molar ratio and temperature on hydrogen production in a water gas shift reaction using a Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst. Herein, different steam-to-CO molar ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) and temperatures (200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C) were applied to investigate their impact on the reaction and H2 production. The Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was characterized by its surface area, pore size distribution, and chemical composition. Moreover, the experimental setup enabled the control of temperature and steam-to-CO molar ratio while monitoring the product gas composition. The results revealed a considerable influence of temperature and steam-to-CO molar ratio on CO conversion efficiency. Notably, the majority of the experiment variations exhibited CO conversion exceeding 90% within 1 min throughout the reaction. Additionally, the highest H2 composition of 53.10% was reached at 250 °C with the steam-to-CO molar ratio of 3:1.
The Potential of Endophytic Bacteria as the Biocontrol Agents of Fusarium proliferatum Ernia, Rima; Mubarik, Nisa Rachmania; Sudirman, Lisdar Idwan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Fusarium proliferatum decreases the productivity of shallot (Allium cepa L.). Endophytic bacteria are potential biocontrol agents in controlling the growth of F. proliferatum. This study aimed to select and characterize endophytic bacteria producing bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of F. proliferatum. The endophytic bacteria used were isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and soil of shallot plants from healthy and diseased shallot farming fields. The endophytic bacteria were selected using the dual culture method and extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. The results of the 16S rRNA identification suggested that isolate ABP5.2 is similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while isolates BBP5.2 and DBP4.1 are similar to Myroides profundi. Isolate BBP5.2 was found to have the highest ability (68.15%) to inhibit the growth of F. proliferatum by using its antifungal compounds through a direct mechanism. In addition, the results of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry analysis suggested that the compounds produced by the crude extracts of BBP5.2 isolate are hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, and piperine.
Effect of Harvest Season on the Physical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, and Volatile Compounds of Roasted Cacao Beans Chumthong, Amornrat; Limjumrern, Nuttarisa; Saensano, Chutikarn; Teerawattanapong, Pornthep; Nualla-ong, Aekkaraj; Rugkong, Adirek; Chiarawipa, Rawee
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The prevailing climate is an important factor affecting the development of the physical quality and flavor of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) beans. The influence of harvest seasons on the physical, chemical, and flavor characteristics of cacao beans from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand, was assessed. Among cacao beans, those harvested in the rainy season (R) had the highest fresh and dry weights and the lowest bean count per 100 g (87.00 ± 2.83). Although the overall fat content remained relatively constant across harvest seasons, cacao beans harvested in R exhibited a significantly higher fatty acid (C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2) content than those harvested in the dry season (D). Cacao beans harvested in D displayed a more diverse and intense aroma profile than those harvested in R. Therefore, this study proved that harvest seasons significantly influenced the physicochemical characteristics of cacao beans. Cacao beans harvested in D exhibited more complex and distinct postroasting aroma profiles than those harvested in R. Evaluating the seasonal harvesting of cacao beans is crucial for developing cocoa and chocolate with fine and unique flavors in southern Thailand.
Exploring the Potential of Alcohol-Fermenting Yeast Isolated from Heterotrigona itama Stingless Bees for Beverage Production Chaijak, Pimprapa; Kongthong, Alisa; Maenpaa, Chiraprapha
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Mead, an ancient alcoholic beverage, relies on the indigenous microbial community in honey for alcohol fermentation. Nevertheless, data on the use of bee indigenous flora for mead production in Thailand are scarce. This investigation involved the isolation of alcohol-producing yeast strains from the Thai stingless bee species Heterotrigona itama. Subsequently, these isolated yeast strains were employed in mead fermentation with honey sourced from the same stingless bee species. Findings revealed that the yeast strain denoted as P03b, which was identified molecularly as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exhibited the highest alcohol production of 13.53% ± 0.76%. Furthermore, the yeast strain P03b demonstrated notable stress tolerance, including resistance to elevated osmotic pressure (30% w/v glucose), extreme pH conditions (pH 2), and high ethanol content (20% w/v). In mead fermentation, the highest observed alcohol concentration reached 10.20% ± 0.26%. The resultant mead had a pH of 3.54% ± 0.04% and total reducing sugar content of 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/mL. This study provides new knowledge on using indigenous yeast in Thai stingless bee combs for alcohol beverage production.
Advancements in Characterization of Ancient Potteries from Southeast Asia: A Review of Analytical Techniques Sirisathitkul, Chitnarong
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Ancient potteries offer valuable information regarding technological advancements, life dynamics, cultural diversity, and trade routes in the past. Earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain from Southeast Asia have been characterized using several analytical techniques, as reviewed in this article. Fluorescent and diffracted X-rays give rise to elemental and phase compositions, respectively. Examination of molecular bonds requires vibrational spectroscopy, which is useful for the identification of organic materials in ancient potteries. With the advent of portable X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectrometry, on-site analysis of archeological ceramics is now possible. For in-depth analysis, synchrotron light sources can provide new insights into artifacts through X-ray and vibrational spectroscopies using elaborate setups. Synchrotron X-ray absorption specifically reveals local atomic structures within artifacts. Charged particles and neutrons are increasingly used as a source of atomic excitation, which improves the depth analysis of artifacts. The obtained elemental composition and mineral phases reveal the origin and production of potteries. Insights into production techniques and firing conditions can be obtained. In addition, the trade routes and networks in ancient Southeast Asia can be established on the basis of archeological ceramic analyses.
Synthesis, Structural and Thermal Studies of Dl-Alanine Potassium Di- Chromate Single Crystals Ponmani, Sundararaj Lincy Mary; Gracelin, Soundararajan Gnanakkan Pushpalatha; Selvakumar, Somasundaram; Durai, Subbaiah Chelladurai Vella
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
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Amino acids and their complexes are organic or semiorganic materials that have attracted considerable attention because they can be easily used in optical storage devices. DL-alanine is one of the rare amino acids that crystallizes in anoncentrosymmetric group. This article demonstrates how DL-alanine potassium dichromate (DAPC) single crystals have shown sufficient growth. DAPC crystals were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Using thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry, this work also examined the melting point, thermal stability, decomposition point, and other thermal parameters of the DAPC crystals. Results show that the decomposition point of DAPC is 397 °C, which is analogous to that of TG/DTA. The dielectric constant, dissipation, and AC conductivity were also measured, and the results were analyzed to understand various features of the current operating model. The activation energy of the DAPC single crystal is 0.074 eV.
Review of the Potential use of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) as Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Recovery Saptaji, Kushendarsyah; Asriyanti, Asriyanti; Khoiriyah, Nisa; Muryanti, Laely; Setiawan, Iwan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Scaffolds are used as temporary tissue in the human body to expedite healing. Biocompatible materials play a vital role in the field of tissue engineering. Therefore, they can be used to reduce human pain as soon as possible. Polymeric materials are widely used to replicate bone tissue. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a potential material for bone tissue scaffolds because of its superior properties, including compatibility with the human body. Accordingly, adding hydroxyapatite and introducing different fabrication methods can enable the production of PLGA scaffolds with good abilities to help cells grow, expand, differentiate, and proliferate. The paper reviews the current development of the biocompatible material PLGA as bone tissue scaffolds. It focuses on the applications, properties, improvements, and sustainability of PLGA.
Synthesis, Molecular Characteristics, and Antibacterial Assessment of Marine Hydroid Aqueous Extract-Based Silver Bio-nanoparticles Mandey, Fredryk; Arfan, Aulia Rhamdani; Arfah, Rugaiyah Andi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This investigation aims to synthesize, analyze the molecularity, and test the ability of bacterial inhibition capability of silver nanoparticles that have been synthesized by simply mixing silver nitrate and aqueous extracts of marine natural products with and without the addition of amylum as a stabilizing agent. This research, with and without the addition of amylum as a stabilizing agent, obtained 39.0 and 55.2 mg of solids of round-shaped morphology silver nanoparticles with diameters of 87.9 and 103.0 nm., respectively. In addition, the antibacterial testing assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed some considerably good results. S. aureus with the addition of amylum had inhibition zone diameters of 8.55 and 7.45 mm, whereas without the addition of amylum had inhibition zone diameters of 7.82 and 7.22 mm. E. coli with the addition of amylum had inhibition zone diameters of 7.0 and 7.65 mm, whereas E. coli without the addition of amylum had inhibition zone diameters of 7.82 and 7.22 mm.

Page 80 of 88 | Total Record : 880

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