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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Synergistic Effect of Acylpyrazolone Integrated with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Electrochemical Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Mohamad Mahbob, Emi Norzehan; Ahmad, Mohamad Syahrizal; Md Isa, Illyas; Hashim, Norhayati; Ul-Hamid, Anwar; Saidin, Mohamad Idris; Suyanta, Suyanta; Ibrahim, Sofian
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Square wave voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to assess ascorbic acid’s electrochemical behavior in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-metafluorobenzoyl-5-pyrazolone (HPMmFBP). The ascorbic acid’s irreversible oxidation peak appeared at approximately 0.5 V. The shifting of the peak potential at the pH range of 6.0–8.4 showed the involvement of protons in the ascorbic acid oxidation. Moreover, the shifting of the peak potential with scan rate in the range of 0.07–0.4 V/s confirmed that the oxidation reaction was irreversible. Under optimized conditions, the oxidative peak current showed linear dependence on the ascorbic acid’s concentration between 1 and 1000 μM with limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) at 0.1 and 0.34 μM, respectively. HPMmFBP/MWCNT/CPE exhibit good antiinterference ability, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability and was utilized for the accurate and rapid ascorbic acid detection in commercial tablets. Therefore, it has good potential for practical application.
In Silico Analysis of C-Type Lectins as Co-Infection Receptors of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses in Aedes aegypti Sazali, Munawir; Soesilohadi, R. C. Hidayat; Wijayanti, Nastiti; Wibawa, Tri; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
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Abstract

Aedes aegypti is a primer vector of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The susceptibility of mosquitoes to DENV and CHIKV depends on their recognition receptor of pathogens. C-type lectins (CTLs) are an important mediator of virus infection in A. aegypti. This study aims to identify potential receptors and determine the binding affinity between ligand–receptor interaction, CTLs and virus envelopes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4 and CHIKV) interaction based on in silico analysis. Sample sequences were obtained from GenBank (NCBI), and 10 CTLs were acquired from VectorBase. Homology modeling based on a minimum standard of 20% was processed using the SWISS-MODEL server. Molecule interaction was visualized as tertiary protein structure in PyMol V1.7.4. Homology modeling revealed all 3D protein model scores to be at 20%. The highest homology modeling score of 98.72% is obtained for CHIKV envelope protein (KF925315.1). The CTL GenBank ID: AAEL014382-PA has the lowest score at −1407.20 kcal/mol. The predicted mechanism of DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4 co-infections with CHIKV-1 is through the binding of the viral envelope to the CTL. Interaction analysis showed that the viruses enter through an endocytic mechanism. The results of homology modeling and lowest interaction energy could serve as the basis for in vivo studies on virus co-infection in A. aegypti. This information illustrates that CTL receptors facilitate DENV and CHIKV co-infection in A. aegypti.
Accurate Estimation of Ethanol Content in Fruit Juices using CIELab Color Space and Chemometrics via Smartphone-based Digital Image Colorimetry Ichsan, Chairul; Amrulloh, Yasir; Erviana, Desti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study aims to investigate the optimal color space and chemometric technique for digital image colorimetry to determine ethanol content (% v/v) in apple, orange, and grape juices, using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) under acidic conditions. The accuracy of colorimetric–chemometric integration across various color spaces (RGB, HSV, CIELab, CMYK, CIELuv, CIEXYZ, and CIELch) was benchmarked against UV–Vis spectrophotometry using metrics such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root–mean–squared error (RMSE). Various chemometric techniques (PLS, PCR, MLR, multivariable–SVR, and multivariable NN regression) were evaluated. Results demonstrate that combining the CIELab color space with PLS or MLR yields the most accurate ethanol determination. Both techniques achieved average MAPE and %RMSE values below 10% (7.026% and 7.78% for PLS; 7.34% and 7.94% for MLR) and a competitive limit of detection of 0.02% (v/v) at best, and 0.087% (v/v) on average, indicating excellent model predictability and accuracy.
Univariate and Multivariate Approaches for Identifying Key Differential Volatile Compounds in Wedelia trilobata Essential Oils from Four Different Locations Tuan Anuar, Tuan Ashraf Faiz; Ramli, Suria; Laosinwattana, Chamroon; Azizan, Kamalrul Azlan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 1
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Abstract

Geographical location is an important factor affecting the production of the volatile compounds and corresponding bioactivity of essential oil (EO). The aim of this study was to determine whether the bioactivity of Wedelia trilobata EO varies by geographical location and identify the key volatile compounds involved in bioactivity. A total of 95 volatile compounds reported in W. trilobata EOs obtained from Brazil, India, Malaysia and Thailand were retrieved from the literature, and changes and key differential volatile compounds were identified with univariate and multivariate methods. Results showed that the monoterpene hydrocarbon content of α-phellandrene and α-pinene were higher than that of W. trilobata EOs from Brazil, India, and Thailand. The W. trilobata EO from Malaysia contained large amounts of limonene and diterpenes. Regarding sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, W. trilobata EOs from Malaysia and Thailand had high germacrene D content. The W. trilobata EO from Brazil had a large amount of trans-β-guaiene, whereas the W. trilobata EO from India had low amounts of sesquiterpene compounds. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis identified β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-mycrene as key differential volatile compounds for differentiating W. trilobata EOs according to their origins. Overall, the findings revealed significant difference in volatile compound composition, showing that the volatile compounds of W. trilobata EO are affected by geographical location.
Microencapsulation of Cosmos caudatus Kunth Extract using Sodium Alginate and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Test Fadlila, Safina Samara Nur; Puspita, Oktavia Eka; Ningsih, Zubaidah; Safitri, Anna
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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This study aims to encapsulate Cosmos caudatus K. leaf extract in sodium alginate crosslinked with calcium chloride (CaCl2) as coating materials through freeze-drying. Antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the applicability of the microcapsules as antidiabetic medicines. Their characteristics, antioxidant activity, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were also examined. Results indicated that the concentration of sodium alginate and pH influenced the manufacturing process of the microcapsules. The highest EE was obtained at pH 6 and alginate concentration of 2% (w/v). The IC50 for the antioxidant activity of the microcapsules was 139.96 ± 1.094 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of irregular and spherical structures on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed new absorption bands at 1593.10 and 1427.59 cm−1, demexistening the existence of stretching vibrations of COO−. Absorption at 1024.14 cm−1 demonstrated C–C and C–O bond stretching vibrations in the sodium alginate–CaCl2 crosslinks. Fourier transform infrared spectrum analyses indicated that sodium alginate and CaCl2 formed chemical bonds, enabling microencapsulation. This study discovered that microencapsulation is a highly prospective and adaptable strategy for enhancing the medicinal use of plant extract.
BIO-SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA LEAF Kayode, Talabi Henry; Adewale, Esther Dolapo; Adewuyi, Benjamin Omotayo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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Leaf extracts are known to be rich in phytoconstituent biomolecules, making them a valuable source of medicinal compounds. They also serve as both capping and reducing agents in nanoparticle fabrication. A reaction between CuSO4.5H2O aqueous solution and the Indigofera tinctoria leaf extract results in the formation of stable copper nanoparticles. Phytochemical screening of the Indigofera tinctoria leaf extract revealed the presence of various compounds including carbohydrates, terpenoids, phenol, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides in the sample. The biosynthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were subsequently subjected to various forms of analysis. Techniques used included UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. An observable change in the color of solutions from pale to thick brown indicated the formation of CuNPs. Further confirmation came from UV–vis spectroscopy, which established the production of CuNPs at 500 nm. FTIR analysis revealed that the CuNPs were covered by organic residues. The particles ranged from 210 nm to 260 nm as indicated from the SEM analysis.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of Xanthenol and Its Disproportionation Products as Anticancer and Antimalarial Agents Pratama, Ardhya Ayu; Jumina, Jumina; Anwar, Chairil
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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Xanthone and its derivatives are well known for their broad biological activities. This research aims to investigate the anticancer and antimalarial activities of synthesized xanthenol and xanthene compounds and to elucidate their mechanisms of action through molecular docking. The xanthenol compound was obtained through xanthone reduction with sodium triacetoxyborohydride, and xanthene synthesis was studied through three different reaction conditions: uncatalyzed and catalyzed by Lewis acid or Bronsted acid. The reduction reaction produced xanthenol in 30.50% yield, whereas the three reaction conditions produced xanthene and xanthone in 39.35–75.48% yield. An anticancer assay for Vero, WiDr, HeLa, and T47D cell lines was evaluated with a microculture tetrazolium assay, and an antimalarial activity test was examined using the heme polymerization inhibition method. The xanthene compound showed the lowest IC50 value (44 µg/mL) among the products in the T47D cell line. Meanwhile, the antimalarial assay showed that the xanthone compound could inhibit heme polymerization, with an IC50 value of 114 µg/mL. The molecular docking study revealed that the anticancer activity of xanthene occurred through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, and the antimalarial activity of xanthone occurred through the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. These results showed that xanthene and xanthone compounds are potential anticancer and antimalarial drugs, respectively.
Limonoids Isolated from Chisocheton pentandrus (Meliaceae) Stembarks and its Cytotoxicity Towards MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Runadi, Dudi; Anjari, Intan Hawina; Purnama, Purnama; Nurlelasari, Nurlelasari; Harneti, Desi; Mayanti, Tri; Harizon, Harizon; Hidayat, Ace Tatang; Salam, Supriatno; Azmi, Mohamad Nurul; Supratman, Unang
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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Chisocheton is a large source of limonoids with various pharmacological effects, such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to isolate, elucidate, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of limonoids from C. pentandrus stembarks. Isolation was carried out using various separation methods including extraction and column chromatography. Spectral data were analyzed by FT-IR, UV, DEPT 135°, 1H, 13C-NMR, and HRTOF-MS and compared with those previously reported to determine the chemical structure.The obtained limonoids were lasiocarpine (1), lasiocarpine B (2), pentandricine (3), and 16β-hydroxydysobinin (4); all of which were successfully isolated from C. pentandrus for the first time. The cytotoxic activity of these limonoids were also evaluated against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells using PrestoBlue method. Lasiocarpine A revealed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 42.62 µM in moderate level.
Molecular Docking of the Interaction between Citrus amblycarpa Extract Contents and Inflammatory Proteins of Hepatic Steatosis Rosida, Lena; Pratiwi, Dewi Indah Noviana; Panghiyangani, Roselina; Utami, Juliyatin Putri; Idhafi, Nasrul; Febriansyah, Muhammad; Budiarman, Andi Azizah Maulidia
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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Citrus amblycarpa possesses various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal. The main active compounds in C. amblycarpa (including gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid [GABA], hesperidin, naringin, neoeriocitrin, poncirin, quercetin, and rutin) show potential to interact with the inflammatory proteins in hepatic steatosis (such as nuclear factor kappa beta [NF-kB], tumor necrosis alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK], and adiponectin). Molecular docking simulations were performed using Swiss Dock (http://www.swissdock.ch/), and analysis and visualization were conducted using Discovery Studio 4.1. Rutin, poncirin, hesperidin, and neoeriocitrin exhibit high affinities to NF-κB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and adiponectin proteins, respectively. Similar to curcumin–adiponectin complex interaction, neoeriocitrin–adiponectin interaction involves GLY 223, PRO41, and VAL93 residues. Thus, the most potent inhibitor of hepatic sterosis marker was neoeriocitrin.
Association between Macrophage’s Cell Number and Maternal Factors in Human Milk Khudri, Ghaniyyatul; Sukmawati, Dewi; Barasila, Atikah Chalida; Suryandari, Dwi Anita
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 28, No. 2
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Infant nutrition and immune protection require the consumption of human milk, with macrophages mainly contributing to immune defense and infant development. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between macrophage cell numbers in human milk and various maternal factors. Thirteen human milk samples were collected from lactating mothers and were evaluated for macrophage cell numbers using a hemacytometer. The recorded questionnaire containing several questions, including age, multivitamin consumption, coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination status, allergy history, and lactation duration, was used to determine the maternal factors. Pearson’s correlation and Mann-Whitney test was employed in statistical analysis, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant. The macrophage cell number reached 54.236 ± 7.456 cells per mL. Notably, a significant correlation was observed between maternal allergy history and the number of macrophage cells in human milk (p = 0.049). Meanwhile, no statistically significant associations were detected among multivitamin consumption (p = 0.833), vaccination status (p = 0.923), and lactation duration (p = 0.236). This study emphasizes the effect of maternal characteristics on the composition and immune properties of human milk. The specific mechanisms underlying these correlations and their potential influence on infant health and development must be explored in future research.

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