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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Spatial analysis of under five years pneumonia incidence in DIY Province 2020 Kusumadewi, Ni Nengah Sri; Makful, Martya Rahmaniati; Meutia, Liza
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 04 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i04.6669

Abstract

Purpose: Globally, pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, as the largest burden of disease and death in developing countries. In 2018, more than 19,000 children under five died from pneumonia. The Under-five Mortality Rate (AKBa) reflects the social, economic, and environmental conditions in which children live and maintain their health. WHO issued an integrated global action to prevent and control the incidence of pneumonia and diarrhea (GAPPD). Yogyakarta is in the second position with the highest prevalence of pneumonia under five (3.7%). To carry out a more focused pneumonia prevention program, spatial pattern analysis is needed both globally and locally, this study examines whether there is a global and local spatial correlation in the number of pneumonia cases under five years in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in 2020. Methods: This ecological study uses aggregated data at the sub-district level. DIY Province has 78 sub-districts that serve as the unit of analysis. Results: The global spatial autocorrelation test on the number of cases of toddler pneumonia in DIY is significantly positive. High-high areas include the sub-districts of Semin, Ponjong, Rongkop, Semanu, Karangmojo, Wonosari, Playen, Paliyan, Saptosari and Panggang. Hot spots were found in the southeastern region. A closer look at the sub-districts in the hotspot area, all from Gunung Kidul Regency, shows that specific interventions targeting these areas must be strengthened, regional health planning and resource allocation. Conclusion: A cluster correlation (clustering) exists spatially with the number of toddler pneumonia in the DIY. Locally, it can be seen that the hot spots (high-high) and low-high districts are found in one district. So it is a priority area that needs comprehensive handling but with a different emphasis according to the characteristics of each sub-district in one district.
Ensuring safe disposal: hospital preparedness for managing medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic Lestari, Selfi Octaviani; Zakianis; Sapta, Wibowo Ady
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 03 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i03.6679

Abstract

Purpose: The increasing volume of medical waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge to hospitals, highlighting the urgent need for effective hospital waste management. However, the current medical waste management practices in many hospitals may not be sufficient to handle the surge in waste, highlighting a critical gap in the system. This study. The present study aims to review articles discussing problems and solutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) related to hospital waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This review study was performed by searching four databases - Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest from 2020-2022. Results: Based on the findings of the article review, the 3R process - Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle - proves crucial in managing medical waste, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This process serves as the primary stage in medical waste management, effectively minimizing the burden on the subsequent stages, such as storage, transportation, and final processing. By implementing the 3R process, healthcare facilities can effectively reduce the volume of medical waste, consequently mitigating the negative impact of the pandemic on the environment. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the 3R process in managing medical waste to address the increasing generation of medical waste brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for stronger management and law enforcement commitment in LMIC hospitals. These events require hospitals to be better prepared for emergencies like pandemics. Therefore, governments and healthcare institutions must prioritize emergency preparedness measures to effectively handle such crises. By taking proactive measures to improve hospital management and law enforcement, LMICs can be better equipped to manage future pandemics and protect the health of their citizens.
Workload and musculoskeletal complaints on cap tikus farmers Kelung, Shania Britney Nikita; Kawatu, Paul Arthur Tennov; Asrifuddin, Afnal
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 10 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i10.6754

Abstract

Objective: In general, farm workers use more muscle strength to work, so they are at a high risk of experiencing musculoskeletal complaints. Cap tikus farmers are also workers who use a lot of body muscle movements and receive a physical workload, which causes some cap tikus farmers to complain of musculoskeletal-related pain. This study aims to determine the workload and musculoskeletal complaints of cap tikus farmers. Methods: Descriptive research uses two research designs, namely a survey research design for the musculoskeletal complaints variable with 41 respondents and a case study research design for the workload variable with a total of two respondents. This research was conducted in Palamba Village, South Langowan Sub-district. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Results: Research on musculoskeletal complaints among cap tikus farmers found that 46.3% of respondents were at a low-risk level, 39% were at a moderate-risk level, and 14.65% were at a high-risk level. Based on the muscle parts, the most complaints of pain were felt in the right shoulder (58.5%), the right knee (48.8%), and the back (46.3%). Most painful complaints are felt in the back (22%). The results of the workload research were obtained at a moderate workload level of between >200-359 kcal/hour. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal complaints among cap tikus farmers were at a lower risk level. Based on the muscle parts, the most common complaints were on the right shoulder, the right knee, and the back. Meanwhile, the workloads were at a moderate level.
Anemia-free strategies and antenatal care services in stunting prevention Mizawati, Afrina; Effendi, Nursyirwan; Sulastri, Delmi; Purna, Rozi Sastra
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 07 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i07.6806

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeting anemia prevention and antenatal care (ANC) to reduce the risk of stunting in children. Methods: A comprehensive search will be conducted in electronic databases to investigate the impact of anemia prevention strategies on child stunting. Studies will be included if they assess interventions in women focusing on iron supplementation, nutrition counseling, or a combination of both and report child stunting as an outcome measure. Results: Anemia prevention is very effective in improving children's growth outcomes, thus contributing to knowledge and ways of treating anemia in the preconception and antenatal periods to reduce the prevalence of stunting. Conclusion: The importance of comprehensive interventions in improving the health and well-being of future generations. Implementing health policies integrating blood supplementation interventions, nutrition education, and quality antenatal care is highly recommended to create a healthier and more qualified generation.
Nonprescription antimicrobial use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review Karolina, Sinta; Sulistiadi, Wahyu
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 02 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i02.6901

Abstract

Purpose: Restrictions on mobility, confusion of information, and the lack of scientific evidence related to the treatment of COVID-19 have implications for the emergence of self-medication behavior in the community, especially the use of antimicrobials without a prescription. This study aims to describe the pattern of non-prescription antimicrobial use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on articles published between 2020-2022 from 3 databases: Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct, examining the use of over-the-counter antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 13 relevant studies reviewed usage patterns, including self-medication behavior and antimicrobial dispensing practices without a prescription. Conclusion: The panic during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the over-the-counter use of antimicrobials without a prescription, both as an effort to prevent and reduce symptoms. The role of community pharmacists and the government is urgently needed to overcome this.
Psychoeducational intervention on knowledge and perceptions of families of schizophrenic patients under “pasung” Siregar, Umi Fadilah; Liza, Rini Gusya; Ashal, Taufik; Semiarty, Rima; Abdiana; Handayani, Tuti
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 05 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i05.6927

Abstract

Purpose: The number of pasung cases in West Sumatra in 2020 was still relatively high, totaling 122 people. Of the 19 city districts, Padang Pariaman district is the first with the highest prevalence of pasung mental cases, 24 people. In addition to psychopharmaceutical therapy, the management of schizophrenia requires psychosocial interventions such as family psychoeducation. Families have an important role in helping schizophrenia patients to realize the pasung-free program launched by the government. Methods: Pre-experimental study by one-group pre-test and post-test design conducted in September 2021-June 2022 involving 18 families of schizophrenia patients who were shackled in the Padang Pariaman Public Health Center area. Univariate data analysis is presented as a frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results: The level of knowledge before the family psychoeducation intervention was poor (94.4%), and the level of knowledge after the family psychoeducation intervention was good (55.6%), the perception before the family psychoeducation intervention was poor (88, 9%) and the perception after family psychoeducation intervention is good (50.0%), there is an effect of psychoeducation intervention on the level of knowledge of families of schizophrenia patients who are shackled p=0.001 (<0.05), and there is an effect of psychoeducation intervention on the perception of families of schizophrenia patients who are shackled p=0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion: Family psychoeducation interventions are very helpful in increasing family knowledge and perceptions of schizophrenia disorders, and it is hoped that Puskesmas Agencies will be more proactive in providing family psychoeducation to reduce the number of cases of pasung in the puskesmas working area.
Physical activity-based nutrition educational games interventions for elementary school children Khasana, Tri Mei; Ngaisyah, Rr Dewi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 38 No 11 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v38i11.6946

Abstract

Purpose: An approach that can be used in delivering messages to children is the gamification method or game-based learning. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity-based nutrition educational games on school children's nutritional status and nutrition knowledge. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest with a control design. The intervention group was given physical activity-based nutrition educational games, namely "healthy eating plate" and "healthy food race" for 15 minutes for each game, once a week for nine weeks. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: In the two groups, the anthropometric data differed only on body weight between the pre and post (p=0.000). The nutrition knowledge means score between the pre and post of intervention showed a significant difference (p=0.016) in the intervention group but not in the control group. The physical activity-based nutrition educational games affected body weight (p=0.000) and nutrition knowledge (p=0.016). Conclusion: Physical activity-based nutrition educational games (total duration 30 minutes) for nine weeks can increase nutrition knowledge and maintain normal weight in elementary school children.
Determinants of an integrated management of childhood illness program implementation in Indonesia Amalia, Dwi Octa; Hadi, Ella Nurlaella
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 03 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i03.6974

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors related to health system support that influence the implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in primary health care facilities in Indonesia, specifically in relation to leadership. Methods: The research method used is a literature review. Database searches of Garuda, Google Scholar, Proquest, Science Direct, Biomed, and Pubmed were performed from 2012 to 2022 using the keywords “manajemen terpadu balita sakit”, “IMCI Indonesia”. Results: A total of 1,238 articles were screened for eligibility and five published articles met the inclusion criteria and objectives of this literature review. Based on five articles reviewed, nine variables associated with IMCI implementation were analyzed in this study, including leadership support, supervision, completeness of medicine and medical equipment, presence of consultation room, motivation, attitudes, knowledge, and completeness of filling out forms. Conclusion: The support of the health system is a key challenge in implementing IMCI. Therefore, strengthening health system support is needed to optimize the implementation of IMCI. In addition, there is a need to strengthen leadership and provide regular supervision and feedback to ensure that IMCI implementation is in accordance with standards and to increase health worker motivation to improve their performance in providing health services.
Barriers and facilitators to improving routine vaccination coverage in East Aceh during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study Okfriani, Coraima; Martha, Evi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 05 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i05.7139

Abstract

Purpose: East Aceh is one of the districts in Aceh Province that has a low rate of routine vaccination of children, especially in a pandemic situation. It is essential to research to understand more about the challenges in providing vaccination services due to COVID-19. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with Rapid Assessment Procedure. Data was collected in three Puskesmas in East Aceh with the lowest vaccination coverage areas. The targeted participants in this study were: Caregivers, Health workers, Community cadres, Vaccine coordinators, and Vaccine advisors. Result: The phenomenon of COVID-19 vaccine refusal influenced caregivers’ to also refuse routine vaccination. Husband or father had a big role in determining whether children could get vaccinated. Caregivers were also afraid of vaccine side effects and vaccination methods using syringes as they often heard negative rumors about it. The lack of influential figure support also affected communities' perception of vaccination. On the other hand, several things might influence caregivers to bring their children to get vaccinated. Regular reminders from village midwives might influence caregivers to visit posyandu to get their children vaccinated. Good knowledge of the benefits of immunization for children is also important to raise caregivers’ awareness. Conclusion: This study recommends stakeholders and health professionals improve routine immunization programs, particularly in pandemic situations. The findings are anticipated to guide the creation of health campaign strategies encouraging caregivers to bring their children in for vaccinations.
Elderly care by village health volunteers during COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand Sumiar, Haening Ratna; Viwatpanich, Kanvee
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 02 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i02.7154

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to understand how village health volunteers (VHV) perform their duties and look after older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic health crisis. Methods: We used in-depth interviews, group interviews, and observation to collect the data. This study was carried out in Wat Rong Lot, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Eleven people were involved in this research including one Public Health Department officer, Master of the Temple, five VHVs, one nurse, and three older adults in the community. We used content analysis to analyze our data. Results: Before the pandemic, VHV’s duties included health screening and monitoring, reporting the results to the primary health center, and health education to the older adults in the community. During the pandemic, they perform these duties by making a monthly visit to conduct ADL and living arrangement assessment and drug delivery. Since the lockdown, many VHV duties must be shifted which resulted in pausing regular care plans for the elderly. However, VHVs keep delivering health services to the elderly by making home visits in case of an emergency, drug delivery, and donating masks and medical supplies. They were burdened with additional responsibilities related to COVID-19 prevention, detection, and surveillance. They admitted to facing some challenges such as being unconfident when performing their work and distrust from the community. Conclusion: The additional responsibilities and lockdown hinder regular treatment. Further research is needed regarding the impact of care plan cessation for the elderly.

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