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INDONESIA
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM
Published by Eastasouth Institute
ISSN : 29857775     EISSN : 29648912     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58812/shh
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Fokus: Sanskara Hukum dan HAM merupakan jurnal yang membahas topik-topik terkait hukum dan hak asasi manusia (HAM) di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel-artikel berkualitas yang berisi analisis kritis, pemikiran inovatif, dan hasil penelitian terbaru dalam bidang hukum dan HAM. Cakupan: Topik-topik yang dapat dicakup oleh Sanskara Hukum dan HAM meliputi, tetapi tidak terbatas pada: Hukum konstitusi Hukum pidana Hukum perdata Hukum administrasi negara Hukum lingkungan Hukum internasional Hukum bisnis Hak asasi manusia Perlindungan hak asasi manusia Keadilan sosial Teori dan filosofi hukum Metodologi penelitian hukum
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 105 Documents
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Model Pemilu Serentak Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 Nur Kholis Majid; Afthon Yazid
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.840

Abstract

The implementation of the simultaneous "five boxes" election model in 2019 and 2024 has caused various complex problems for organizers, election participants, and voters, both at the central and regional levels. Therefore, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 mandates the separation of national and regional elections. This research aims to analyze the considerations of the Constitutional Court's decision and the shift in the paradigm of simultaneity, analyze the separation of national and regional elections from a utilitarian perspective, and formulate an election model after the Constitutional Court's decision. The research method applied is normative juridical (doctrinal). This research uses a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. Research data were collected thru literature study. Data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary data. Next, the data is analyzed qualitatively. Broadly speaking, there are four dimensions that form the basis of the Court's consideration in the decision, namely the philosophical, sociological, juridical, and technical dimensions. From a utilitarian perspective, the separation of national and regional elections is beneficial for improving the quality of democracy, optimizing the performance of election organizers and public participation, strengthening internal party strategies, and enhancing government accountability. The simultaneous election model after the Constitutional Court's decision is a national election held simultaneously in 2029 and interim elections with an interval of two to two and a half years.
Implementasi Ultra Vires, Ex Officio, Ex Aequo Et Bono Pada Pembebanan Nafkah Anak Reza Boentoro; Basuki Rekso Wibowo; Franciscus Xaverius Wartoyo
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.845

Abstract

Divorce may only be effected through a court judgment. Empirically, divorce petitions do not always include claims for child support payments. Judges are only permitted to adjudicate matters that are expressly requested by the parties in their claims or petitions. This raises a concern regarding the extent to which the principles of ex officio and ex aequo et bono can be implemented without contravening the principle of ultra petita (ultra vires). This study utilizes a normative juridical methodology reinforced by empirical juridical research. The case approach and the statutory approach are the approaches applied. The study utilizes both primary and secondary data, and a descriptive qualitative method is used for analysis. Judicial decisions imposing child support obligations remain dependent upon the existence of claims submitted in divorce petitions. However, the codification of legal norms concerning child support obligations in statutory regulations, as well as the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 4 of 2016, gives judges legal basis to impose child support obligations without concern that such decisions would violate the principle of ultra petita (ultra vires).
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah atas Renvoi dalam Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan Miranda Posogu; Dolot alhasni Bakung; Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.861

Abstract

Renvoi in the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights (APHT) serves as a mechanism for correcting administrative errors to ensure legal accuracy and certainty. However, improper implementation of renvoi may affect the validity of the deed and trigger legal liability for the Land Deed Official (PPAT). This study aims to analyze the legal liability of PPATs regarding renvoi in APHT and examine its legal consequences. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through library research and analyzed qualitatively using legal interpretation and deductive reasoning. The findings reveal that renvoi conducted in accordance with legal procedures does not diminish the authenticity or evidentiary value of APHT. Conversely, unlawful renvoi may result in administrative, civil, and ethical liability for PPATs. The novelty of this study lies in its specific examination of the relationship between renvoi in APHT and the legal liability regime of PPATs. The study implies the need for stronger regulations and supervision mechanisms to ensure legal certainty and protection for all parties involved.
Implikasi Hukum Putusan Hak Asuh Anak kepada Ayah dalam Perkara Perceraian Iyut Paputungan; Fence M. Wantu; Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.869

Abstract

Child custody is one of the legal consequences of divorce which, in practice, is not always granted to the mother as generally provided under the Compilation of Islamic Law. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of court decisions granting child custody to fathers in divorce cases and to assess their conformity with the principle of the best interests of the child. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through library research involving primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that granting custody to fathers is legally justified when they are proven to better ensure the child’s welfare and development. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the legal implications arising after custody decisions are awarded to fathers. The study implies the need for clearer legal guidelines to ensure legal certainty and optimal protection of children's rights.
Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Penggunaan Sertifikat Hak atas Tanah Palsu sebagai Dasar Gugatan Pembatalan Hak atas Tanah: (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1520 K/PDT/2024) Nabila Khoirunnisa; Muhamad Faiz Athaya; Kenneth Nathanael Ardianto; Mochammad Fahmi Munir
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.871

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the unlawful use of forged land title certificates as the basis for claims seeking the cancellation of land rights and to examine inconsistencies in the legal basis, the object of the right, and the subject of the right within Indonesia's land registration system. The study employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through an analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 1520 K/PDT/2024. The findings show that the use of a forged certificate that is not registered in the administration of the National Land Agency fulfills the elements of an unlawful act under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code because it involves an unlawful act, fault, loss, and a causal relationship. The study also finds that the issuance of a certificate that is inconsistent with the legal basis, object, and subject of the right contravenes the Basic Agrarian Law, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997, and Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021. Indonesia's negative publication system with positive tendencies continues to allow document forgery and land disputes to occur. Therefore, strengthening a digital-based land administration system and improving oversight of the certificate issuance process are necessary to ensure legal certainty and protection of land rights.
Urgensi Penerapan Cyber Notary dalam Pembuatan Akta Autentik di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Maura Sharen Levido; Muhamad Rafi Raihan; Magdalena Theresia Wita Pasaka
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.873

Abstract

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including notarial legal services in Indonesia. The implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB), work-from-home arrangements, and social distancing has impeded the execution of authentic deeds, which has traditionally required face-to-face interaction. Meanwhile, public demand for notarial services has continued, creating a need for more flexible, information-technology-based legal services. This study aims to analyze the regulation and procedures for executing authentic deeds during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the implementation of the Cyber Notary concept within the Indonesian legal system. The study employs a normative-empirical legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were obtained through a literature review and interviews with informants involved in notarial practice. The findings show that authentic deeds in Indonesia continue to be executed conventionally because the Notary Office Law (UUJN) requires the physical presence of the parties before a notary. Moreover, Cyber Notary has yet to be implemented optimally due to conflicts between Article 15(3) and Article 16(1)(m) of the UUJN and Article 5(4) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). Accordingly, regulatory reform and legal harmonization are required to ensure legal certainty for the implementation of Cyber Notary in Indonesia as part of modernizing notarial services in the digital era.
Pernikahan Dini sebagai Ancaman terhadap Hak Anak Perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Yasir Mubarok; Wasman Wasman
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.874

Abstract

This study examines the practice of early marriage as an issue affecting the fulfillment of children's rights from the perspectives of Indonesian positive law and Maqāṣid Sharī‘ah. Early marriage remains a persistent social phenomenon in various regions of Indonesia despite legal provisions establishing a minimum marriage age under Law No. 16 of 2019 on Marriage and protecting children's rights through Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and Islamic law approaches. The findings indicate that early marriage has the potential to hinder the fulfillment of children's rights, particularly the rights to education, protection, healthcare, and optimal psychological development. From the perspective of Maqāṣid Sharī‘ah, the practice should be assessed based on the principles of public welfare (maṣlaḥah) and the prevention of harm (mafsadah). Although marriage is generally permissible in Islam, its implementation must take into account physical, mental, and social maturity to avoid adverse consequences. Therefore, early marriage is more likely to cause harm than to provide benefits when undertaken without adequate preparedness. This study highlights the importance of strengthening legal regulations, enhancing public education, and increasing community awareness to prevent early marriage and ensure the comprehensive protection of children's rights.
Faktor Kriminogen dalam Peredaran Ilegal Trihexyphenidyl Nia Ramadhani Puluhulawa; Fence M. Wantu; Irlan Puluhulawa
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.881

Abstract

The illegal distribution of Trihexyphenidyl has emerged as a significant legal and criminological issue due to the increasing misuse of prescription drugs within society. This study aims to analyze the criminogenic factors influencing the illegal distribution of Trihexyphenidyl and to explain the relationship between individual, social, and structural factors underlying such activities. The research employed an empirical legal method with a criminological approach. The study population consisted of stakeholders involved in the supervision and handling of Trihexyphenidyl distribution, while samples were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies and analyzed qualitatively using an interactive analysis model. The findings reveal that economic motives, peer influence, weak family supervision, low legal awareness, easy access to the drug, and the utilization of digital technology are the primary criminogenic factors. The novelty of this study lies in integrating individual and structural dimensions within a criminological framework. These findings highlight the need for preventive policies, stronger pharmaceutical distribution control, and enhanced public legal awareness.
Prinsip Kehati-hatian dalam Penegakan Hukum atas Tindak Pidana Ideologi Negara: Analisis Normatif terhadap Potensi Penyalahgunaan Kewenangan Vandy Agus Irwanto; Hasudungan Sinaga
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.908

Abstract

Indonesia, as a state based on the rule of law, places the supremacy of law, the principle of legality, legal certainty, proportionality, due process of law, and the protection of human rights as the basis for limiting state power. In criminal law, this principle demands that authority not be used arbitrarily. However, the regulation of state ideology crimes has a special character because it is related to the expression of abstract thoughts and interests, thus potentially giving rise to multiple interpretations, legal uncertainty, and the risk of abuse of authority in its enforcement. Therefore, the precautionary principle is needed as a mechanism to limit the discretion of law enforcement officials. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) how are state ideology crimes regulated in the Indonesian criminal law system; and (2) how is the application of the precautionary principle in law enforcement to prevent abuse of authority. This study aims to analyze the regulation of state ideology crimes, particularly in the new Criminal Code, and formulate the application of the precautionary principle as a normative parameter. Theoretically, this research contributes to the development of criminal law, while practically, it serves as a guideline for law enforcement officials to act objectively, proportionally, and accountably. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. Data are analyzed through legislation, legal doctrine, and court decisions, namely Decision Number 15/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sgi and Decision Number 54/Pid/2019/PT.Jap. The results show that the regulation of state ideology crimes in the new Criminal Code is structured, but still contains abstract and open-ended norms that open up room for broad interpretation and discretion by officials. This has the potential to lead to abuse of authority, as evidenced by the variation in interpretation in judicial practice. Therefore, the precautionary principle needs to be applied through restrictive interpretation, proportionality tests, the use of criminal law as an ultimum remedium, and strengthening the evidence base and judicial control. Clear operational guidelines, a threshold test for real danger, and strict oversight are recommended to ensure legal certainty and prevent abuse of power.
Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum bagi Apoteker terhadap Intimidasi Verbal dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian guna Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial sebagai Amanat Pasal 34 UUD NRI 1945 Wahyudi Rizki Mahendra; Maruti Oktalina; Sri Wardyati; Aris Prio Agus Santoso
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v5i01.916

Abstract

Intimidasi verbal merupakan bentuk kekerasan kerja yang paling sering dialami apoteker, baik di tingkat global maupun di Indonesia. Apoteker di apotek maupun instalasi farmasi rumah sakit kerap menerima ancaman, hinaan, dan ucapan kasar dari pasien atau keluarga pasien, sementara hukum Indonesia belum memiliki satu instrumen yang koheren untuk menjawab persoalan ini. Pasal 34 UUD NRI 1945 memerintahkan negara menjamin pelayanan kesehatan yang layak, yang secara implisit menuntut adanya perlindungan bagi tenaga kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan tersebut. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan memberi tenaga kesehatan, termasuk apoteker, hak atas perlindungan hukum dan perlindungan dari perlakuan yang bertentangan dengan martabat manusia, namun instrumen pidana yang tersedia (Pasal 335 dan 336 KUHP, serta Pasal 448 KUHP baru yang berlaku 2026) tidak dirancang khusus untuk konteks pelayanan kefarmasian, dan standar profesi dalam Permenkes Nomor 73 Tahun 2016 lebih menitikberatkan pada mutu pelayanan ketimbang keselamatan pribadi apoteker. Penelitian ini memakai metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Penelitian ini memakai teori perlindungan hukum Hadjon, kerangka struktur-substansi-budaya hukum Friedman, dan formula Radbruch, serta menempatkan pembahasan dalam bingkai teori keadilan Rawls. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia sesungguhnya sudah memiliki rantai perlindungan yang menurun dari konstitusi ke undang-undang, hukum pidana, dan etika profesi, tetapi rantai itu terfragmentasi, bersifat reaktif, dan jarang digunakan apoteker dalam praktik. Rekonstruksi diusulkan untuk memadukan perlindungan preventif di lingkup tempat kerja dengan perlindungan hukum represif, sehingga amanat keadilan sosial dalam Pasal 34 UUD NRI 1945 benar-benar terwujud bagi apoteker.

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