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Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Published by Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
ISSN : 25812033     EISSN : 25809113     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v6i2
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Lex Journal is a scientific journal published by the Faculty of Law, Dr. Soetomo University which will be published regularly every six months. In July and December containing articles in the form of articles, studies, and research results. This journal is published as a forum to provide space for law and justice observers in their contribution to the development of law. Editors accept independent writings which can be in the form of articles, studies, and research results related to the field of law and justice, in Indonesian and English according to the writing style.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 225 Documents
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Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Hukum terhadap Supplier Arang Batok Kelapa yang Melakukan Wanprestasi pada PT. Makmur Raya Sejati Dian Oentoro Unggul Raharjo Fauziek; Wahyu Prawesthi; Moh. Taufik; Bachrul Amiq
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S1 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS1.12710

Abstract

Perdagangan arang batok kelapa memiliki peranan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan industri, khususnya sebagai bahan baku ekspor. Hubungan hukum antara supplier dan pembeli timbul dari perjanjian yang menjadi dasar penentuan hak dan kewajiban masing-masing. Kenyataannya, perjanjian ini dilaksanakan terkadang tidak sejalan dengan apa yang telah disetujui, sehingga mengakibatkan pelanggaran kontrak yang merugikan salah satu pihak. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis bentuk wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh supplier arang batok kelapa terhadap PT. Makmur Raya Sejati, dan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum supplier serta alternatif penyelesaiannya berdasarkan KUHPerdata. Pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) digunakan dalam penelitian hukum normatif untuk menganalisis isu hukum yang dikaji. Data primer dan sekunder diperoleh dengan meneliti dokumen dan literatur, lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif dan deskriptif melalui pendekatan deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa supplier melakukan wanprestasi dengan tidak memenuhi prestasi pada sebagian pengiriman, menyerahkan barang yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi, menukar barang tanpa izin pembeli, serta mengambil kembali barang yang seharusnya menjadi milik perusahaan. Wanprestasi terjadi karena kelalaian supplier, sehingga pertanggungjawaban hukum yang harus dilakukan adalah berupa kewajiban memenuhi prestasi, membayar ganti rugi, atau menerima pembatalan perjanjian. Sengketa dapat diselesaikan dengan negosiasi, mediasi, atau litigasi jika musyawarah tidak berhasil mencapai kesepakatan.
The Effectiveness of Implementing Restorative Justice Through Legal Aid Centers in Preventing Recidivism Vicent Yosafat Joses Tampomuri; Fidyah Faramita Utami; Andi Nurul Isnawidiawinarti Achmad
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12711

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the settlement of criminal cases through a restorative justice approach at the Legal Aid Post (Posbankum) and evaluate its effectiveness in preventing recidivism after mediation is applied. The implementation of Posbankum at the sub-district level is an instrument for expanding access to non-litigation justice for the community. However, the success criteria used so far mostly focus on achieving formal-administrative peace agreements during the mediation process, without measuring the long-term post-mediation impact on offender behavior change. This empirical legal research was conducted in Tanamodindi Village and Petobo Village, Palu City, collecting primary data through interviews and observations, and secondary data from Posbankum service recapitulation and relevant regulations. The results show that Posbankum successfully resolved various minor criminal offenses, such as theft and fraud, through mediation involving sub-district heads and paralegals. Viewed from Soerjono Soekanto's legal effectiveness theory, the implementation of restorative justice proves highly effective in preventing reoffending if the mediation agreement is accompanied by substantive socio-economic recovery solutions, such as job provision or community empowerment. Conversely, post-mediation effectiveness risks weakening if peace agreements merely rely on paper-based apologies without continuous post-mediation monitoring and assistance mechanisms.
Analisis Yuridis Transformasi Peran Content Creator Menjadi Pelaku Usaha dan Implikasinya terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen Richie Nakata; Sri Astutik; Fathul Hamdani; Vieta Imelda Cornelis
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S1 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS1.12715

Abstract

Perkembangan media sosial telah mendorong transformasi content creator dari penyampai informasi menjadi pelaku usaha yang memasarkan produk secara langsung kepada masyarakat. Transformasi tersebut menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum terhadap perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum content creator sebagai pelaku usaha serta tanggung jawab hukumnya dalam promosi produk melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan kasus (case approach). Bahan hukum primer meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perlindungan konsumen, kesehatan, informasi dan transaksi elektronik, serta Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 12016 K/Pid.Sus/2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa content creator yang memasarkan produknya sendiri berkedudukan sebagai pelaku usaha berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen sehingga wajib memberikan informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur serta bertanggung jawab atas produk yang dipasarkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kepatuhan hukum dan pengawasan terhadap promosi produk melalui media sosial untuk meningkatkan perlindungan konsumen di era digital.
Analisis Yuridis Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam Penilaian Ganti Rugi pada Keadilan Restoratif Risky Astriana; Hartoyo; Renda Aranggraeni; M. Taufik
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S1 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS1.12717

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum serta konstruksi hukum yang ideal terkait penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) sebagai alat bantu penilaian ganti kerugian korban tindak pidana dalam kerangka keadilan restoratif pada tahap penyidikan di Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian ini menyoroti adanya tantangan berupa subjektivitas, kurangnya konsistensi, dan keterbatasan data dalam penentuan nilai ganti rugi selama proses musyawarah antara korban dan pelaku. Di sisi lain, meskipun teknologi AI berkembang pesat, terdapat kekosongan norma (legal vacuum) dalam hukum positif Indonesia mengenai pemanfaatan AI dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk membangun argumentasi yuridis mengenai integrasi teknologi dalam penegakan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan hukum AI saat ini belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, sehingga AI hanya dapat diposisikan sebagai decision support tool atau alat bantu pengambilan keputusan. Penggunaannya wajib berada di bawah kendali manusia (human oversight), di mana rekomendasi AI tidak bersifat mengikat dan tidak menggantikan kewenangan penyidik maupun esensi musyawarah dalam keadilan restoratif. Konstruksi hukum yang ideal memerlukan pembentukan regulasi tata kelola AI nasional serta penyempurnaan Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021. Pengaturan tersebut harus menjamin kepastian hukum, transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta perlindungan data pribadi guna mewujudkan pemulihan korban yang lebih objektif, terukur, dan adil.
Legal Standing of the Written Undertaking in Adolescent Street Racing: A Competence Distribution Analysis Ferroka Putra Wathan; Putri Serli Pratami; Rizayusmanda; Rafsandi Dimbara
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12726

Abstract

Despite comprehensive prohibitions, adolescent street racing remains prevalent in Indonesia. While existing legal scholarship largely attributes this persistence to weak enforcement capacity and low legal awareness, this study shifts the analytical focus to the distribution of administrative competence. This article aims to identify the procedural stopping point in street-racing enforcement, the legal instrument used at that juncture, and its standing in Indonesian administrative law. Using an empirical-juridical approach through a single case study in Tanjung Raja, Ogan Ilir, the study gathered data through in-depth interviews with seven key stakeholders, including sector police officers, civil service police, a transport official, and racing participants. The findings reveal that the enforcement process halts at a fourth stage, culminating in a unilateral written undertaking (surat pernyataan) aimed primarily at deterrence rather than rooted in explicit competence. This instrument constitutes a factual governmental action (tindakan faktual pemerintahan) exercised through police discretion rather than a formal policy rule. Consequently, while theoretically reviewable, the absence of a formal written determination and recorded reasoning effectively precludes judicial scrutiny. The study concludes that the procedural stopping point is driven by fragmented competence over enabling conditions rather than criminal procedural limits. To ensure legal certainty and reviewability, this article recommends establishing a joint decision framework utilizing existing regional coordination provisions to mandate formal written determinations.
A Legal Review of the Principle of Contradictory Delimitation in the Land Boundary Survey Process Dhaifina Dwi Rahmatin; Sigit Sapto Nugroho; Retno Catur Kusuma Dewi
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12736

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate that the principle of contradictoire delimitation is a fundamental principle in land registration law that plays a crucial role in the process of determining land boundaries. This principle emphasizes the direct involvement of adjacent parties in witnessing and approving the established boundaries, thereby ensuring legal certainty regarding land rights. This study analyzes the implementation of the adversarial principle of boundary demarcation in the national land registration system, identifies obstacles to its application, and proposes solutions to strengthen this principle so that it functions optimally. The study uses a normative legal approach, employing conceptual and statutory methods. The study draws on laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions related to land boundary disputes. The results of the study show that the demarcation of boundaries through an agreement between a landowner and an adjacent landowner is known as the principle of contradictoire delimate. The principle of contradictoire delimate is a fundamental principle in agrarian law that aims to protect land ownership rights, prevent land disputes, and emphasize the importance of preventive measures to reduce the potential for future land disputes.
The Board of Peace and the Constitutional Structure of the United Nations: Between Institutional Adaptation and Constitutional Fragmentation Rangga Dwi Saputra
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12749

Abstract

This study analyses the constitutional status of the Board of Peace (BoP) within the organizational structure of the United Nations (UN) as an international organization that carries out peace and security functions outside the framework of the UN Charter. This study employs a normative legal method using statute, conceptual, historical, and comparative approaches through an analysis of the UN Charter, the Charter of the Board of Peace, decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and legal doctrine. The results of the study indicate that the BoP is not a subsidiary organ of the UN because it derives its authority from its own founding Charter. The legality of the BoP must be assessed based on the constitutional limits of the UN Charter regarding the division and exercise of international peace and security functions. This study concludes that BoP possesses constitutional legitimacy only when it operates as an implementing instrument under the mandate and supervision of the Security Council. Conversely, the autonomous exercise of its authority has the potential to cause constitutional fragmentation within the UN’s collective security system.
The President's Authoritarian Decree on the Appointment of Provincial Regional Secretaries Aminuddin Kasim; Naharuddin
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12750

Abstract

This article examines the controversial presidential decision regarding the appointment of a high-ranking official—specifically, the Secretary of Central Sulawesi Province—through Presidential Decree No. 146/TPA of 2022. The study focuses on the legal and administrative implications of the President’s choice, which allegedly ignored the recommendation from the regional government, despite the legal provision requiring consideration of such input. Using a normative juridical approach, the article critically analyzes the legal framework governing civil servant appointments, especially Article 126 paragraph (3) of Government Regulation No. 11/2017 as amended by PP No. 17/2020, and Presidential Regulation No. 177/2014. The analysis reveals a pattern of authoritarian tendencies in central government decision-making, disregarding procedural norms and merit-based considerations. The article also compares similar disputes in East Kalimantan and Papua provinces, where presidential decisions on high-ranking civil servant appointments were resisted by regional heads, resulting in governance conflicts and administrative discomfort. This paper argues that the failure to respect the input of regional “Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian (PPK)” undermines decentralization principles and creates governance disharmony. The study highlights the urgent need for reforms to ensure the President’s discretion in appointments is balanced with transparent and participatory mechanisms aligned with democratic values.
Rights of Nature Jurisprudence in Resource-Rich Developing States: Implementation Challenges and Judicial Reception Rio Sabryan Ferdiansyah; Ahmad Setiyohadi; Yovan Iristian
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S2 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS2.12752

Abstract

The global emergence of Rights of Nature (RoN) jurisprudence represents a fundamental paradigm shift in modern legal systems, transitioning environmental governance from an anthropocentric model of resource exploitation to an ecocentric framework that recognizes nature as a legal subject (subjecto de derechos). Crucially, the legal vanguard of this movement has developed within resource-rich developing states across Latin America, South Asia, and Africa. However, the recognition of Earth jurisprudence in these jurisdictions generates a profound institutional paradox. These states possess political economies fundamentally anchored in extractivism, where fiscal stability, statehood, and national development agendas rely heavily on primary commodity extraction. This study conducts a qualitative normative-legal analysis and comparative socio-legal evaluation of this tension across two primary analytical themes: first, the structural friction between Earth jurisprudence and the political economy of neo-extractivism, including administrative governmentality, regulatory capture, and foreign investment protections; and second, the judicial reception of ecocentric doctrines across key jurisdictions alongside the post-litigation execution bottlenecks that impede ground-level ecological protection. The findings demonstrate that while constitutional courts have developed sophisticated doctrines such as biocultural rights and precautionary ecosystem protection, their practical efficacy remains severely constrained by executive inertia, resource dependency, and judicial backlash. Reconciling this friction requires constructing robust anti-capture administrative architectures, establishing autonomous enforcement channels, and securing dedicated funding for legal guardianship bodies.
Critical Mineral Scarcity and the Green Transition: Redefining Mining Concessions Through Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence Jehezkiel A.L Lantang; Asse; Yovan Iristian
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S2 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS2.12754

Abstract

The imperative to achieve global net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 has catalyzed an unprecedented surge in demand for critical energy transition minerals—including lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and rare earth elements—essential for manufacturing clean energy technologies. However, this green transition risks reproducing historical patterns of colonial extraction, human rights violations, and localized environmental destruction across the Global South and resource frontiers in the Global North. This study examines the legal tension between critical mineral scarcity and international human rights obligations, proposing a fundamental redefinition of mining concession frameworks. Utilizing a qualitative normative-legal methodology and comparative regulatory analysis, this research evaluates two core analytical themes: first, the structural human rights paradoxes, racial capitalism, resource nationalism, and supply chain vulnerabilities inherent in critical mineral extraction; and second, the institutional integration of mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (mHREDD) standards—such as the European Union Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/1760) and Critical Raw Materials Act—into host-state mining concession contracts. The analysis demonstrates that transforming traditional investor-centric concessions into conditional, compliance-sequenced legal instruments featuring enforceable revocation clauses and transnational civil liability mechanisms is essential to establishing a substantive rule of law capable of reconciling critical mineral security with global environmental justice.

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