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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 782 Documents
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Stabilitas Ukuran dan Sifat Optik Nanopartikel ZnO yang Dilapisi Polimer Tween 80 Mirthelia Endah Oywari; Donn Richard Ricky; Horasdia Saragih
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1542

Abstract

Background: ZnO nanoparticles are widely used as UV filters in sunscreens due to their broad-spectrum protection and aesthetic transparency. However, agglomeration caused by high surface energy often compromises their efficacy. Coating with non-ionic polymers such as Tween 80 represents a potential stabilization strategy. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of varying Tween 80 concentrations on the size stability and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Methods: Tween 80-coated ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvolysis method assisted by a rotor-stator homogenizer at Tween 80 volume variations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL in 50 mL of ethanol. Characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at day 0 and day 60. Results: Increasing Tween 80 concentration significantly reduced the mean diameter of nanoparticles from 17.9 nm to 11.4 nm and narrowed the size distribution (standard deviation decreased from 13.2 nm to 2.8 nm). The zeta potential remained near zero (-0.1 to -0.2 mV) due to the non-ionic nature of Tween 80, yet colloidal stability was maintained through a steric hindrance mechanism. After 60 days of storage, the 4 mL Tween 80 concentration was the most effective in limiting size growth (only 2.6%), compared to 83.7% for the 1 mL concentration. All samples exhibited high transmittance (>87%) in the visible light spectrum while maintaining strong UV absorption. Conclusion: An optimal Tween 80 concentration (4 mL in 50 mL ethanol) is crucial for producing ZnO nanoparticles with long-term size stability and superior optical properties, making them promising for next-generation sunscreen cosmetic formulations.
Uji Efektivitas Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Buah Kersen (Muntingia Calabura) Terhadap Perubahan Morfologi Ginjal dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ) pada Tikus yang di Induksi Gentamicin Gracia Indri Perangin-Angin; Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Refi Ikhtiari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1543

Abstract

Background: Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, its clinical use is often limited by nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, characterized by increased levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and alterations in renal morphology. Kersen fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) contains various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and polyphenols, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may provide nephroprotective effects. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of kersen fruit extract on renal morphological changes and TNF-α levels in gentamicin-induced rats. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using five groups of male rats (n = 5 per group), consisting of a normal control group, a gentamicin control group (100 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups receiving gentamicin combined with kersen fruit extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively. The observed parameters included macroscopic renal morphology (color, texture, and size) and TNF-α levels. Data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. Results: Gentamicin induction caused dark brown discoloration of the kidneys and significantly increased TNF-α levels compared with the normal control group (p < 0.01). Administration of kersen fruit extract demonstrated a dose-dependent tendency to improve renal morphology and reduce TNF-α levels. The most pronounced effect was observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW, which resulted in the lowest TNF-α level and renal morphology closest to normal conditions. However, the differences among treatment groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Kersen fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) extract demonstrated potential nephroprotective activity against gentamicin-induced renal injury, as indicated by the tendency to improve renal morphology and reduce TNF-α levels. The dose of 400 mg/kg BW exhibited the most favorable effect among the tested doses. Further studies involving longer treatment durations, larger sample sizes, and additional renal function parameters are required to confirm the nephroprotective efficacy of kersen fruit extract.
Analisis Utilitas Biaya Dalam Mendukung Pengambilan Keputusan Pada Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Ellin Rachmawati; Indah Laily Hilmi; Triana Maudy Yulianti Surasa; Dytha Andri Deswati
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1555

Abstract

Health insurance systems face growing challenges in determining which interventions should be financed under limited resources, making it necessary to adopt approaches that can assess both health benefits and economic consequences simultaneously. One widely used approach is cost-utility analysis, which relates intervention costs to utility-based outcomes, particularly quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). This review article aimed to examine the role of cost-utility analysis in supporting decision-making within health insurance systems. This study was conducted as a review article through a systematic literature search in the PubMed database using the keyword “cost-utility analysis” AND “decision making”. The article selection process followed the PRISMA framework. Of the 131 records initially identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria after screening titles/abstracts (n=116 excluded) and full-text review (n=5 excluded), and were analyzed using a descriptive narrative approach. The review found that cost-utility analysis has been applied to assess various interventions, including palliative care services, antiviral therapies, artificial intelligence-based screening technologies, chronic disease medications, and national immunization programs. Several interventions were found to be cost-effective or even cost-saving, suggesting their potential to support benefit package expansion and improve the efficiency of health financing. However, other interventions were not considered economically feasible due to high prices, substantial budget impact, and limited reimbursement mechanisms. All reviewed studies originated from Thailand, Tiongkok, Vietnam, Colombia, Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan, Taiwan, Province of China; therefore, direct generalization to the Indonesian context requires further adaptation assessment. These findings indicate that cost-utility analysis plays an important role in informing benefit package design, health technology adoption, price negotiation, and more efficient resource allocation in health insurance systems. Therefore, the integration of cost-utility evidence into health financing policy should be strengthened to ensure that health insurance systems operate in a more rational, efficient, and sustainable manner.
Kesesuaian Biaya Riil Terhadap Tarif INA-CBG’S Pasien Diabetes Melitus Rawat Inap di RSUD Kota Kotamobagu Tahun 2024 Nanda Sayyida Begum; Windi Astuti; Moh. Rasyid Kuna
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1559

Abstract

Background: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complication risks potentially increase the financial burden of healthcare. Therefore, evaluating the alignment between actual care costs and INA-CBG's rates is necessary to support the sustainability of the National Health Insurance (JKN) financing system. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the alignment between actual care costs and INA-CBG's rates for inpatient diabetes mellitus patients and to identify factors influencing any discrepancy at RSUD Kota Kotamobagu. Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design and a retrospective approach. A sample of 83 patients was selected using simple random sampling from the population of JKN-insured inpatients with diabetes mellitus from January to December 2024. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to compare actual costs with INA-CBG's rates, and multiple linear regression to identify factors affecting the cost difference. Results: The mean actual care costs for class I, II, and III were IDR 6,882,567, IDR 5,282,412, and IDR 5,224,188, respectively. All treatment classes showed negative differences (actual costs higher than INA-CBG's rates), but a statistically significant difference was found only in class III (p = 0.000). Regression analysis revealed that length of stay (LOS) was the only factor significantly influencing the cost difference (p = 0.002; coefficient B = 1,250,000), while age, comorbidities, and class of care showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between actual costs and INA-CBG's rates in class III care, with length of stay as the main determining factor. Hospitals should consider adjustments in inpatient management and tariff evaluation, particularly for cases with longer LOS.
Potensi Antioksidan dan Inhibitor α-Glukosidase dari Isolat Bakteri Endofit Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Nabila Hasibuan; Edy Fachrial; Novitaria Br Sembiring
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1560

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence and risk of serious complications. Inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme is a strategy to control blood glucose levels. Endophytic bacteria from fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) have the potential to produce bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, which possess antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Objective: This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from fragrant pandan leaves and evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the culture supernatant of these endophytic bacterial isolates as natural antidiabetic candidates. Methods: The research included characterization of endophytic bacterial isolates, antioxidant assay using the DPPH method, and α-glucosidase inhibition assay using pNPG substrate. The supernatant of the endophytic bacterial culture was tested to determine the percentage of inhibition against DPPH radicals and α-glucosidase enzyme. Results: The results showed that endophytic bacterial isolate code P8 exhibited 75% antioxidant activity and 97% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolate P8 was higher than that of the positive control acarbose (81%). Conclusion: Endophytic bacterial isolate P8 from fragrant pandan leaves has potential as a source of natural antidiabetic bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and potentially minimal side effects.
Penentuan Kadar Total Fenol dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Herba Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dengan Metode DPPH Wiranda Gultom; Razoki Razoki; Refi Ikhtiari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1573

Abstract

Introduction: Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a herbal plant that has long been used in traditional medicine. This plant contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds that play important roles as natural antioxidants. The DPPH method is commonly used to evaluate the ability of antioxidant compounds to scavenge stable DPPH free radicals, resulting in a color change from purple to yellow as the radical concentration decreases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) using the DPPH method. Methods: This study employed a laboratory experimental design with a quantitative descriptive approach. The research was conducted from May to December 2025 at the UNPRI Laboratory and USU Laboratory. Results: The quality parameter evaluation of ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) showed a moisture content of 5.9%. The total ash content was 15.6%, while the acid-insoluble ash content was 2.19%. The water-soluble extractive value and ethanol-soluble extractive value were 17.49% and 7.37%, respectively. The average total phenolic content obtained was 102.104 ± 0.3032 mgGAE/g extract, indicating that the ethanol extract of celery contains relatively high phenolic compounds. The linear regression equation obtained was y = 0.0083x + 0.0052 with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9894. The R² value close to 1 indicates a very strong linear relationship between gallic acid concentration and absorbance, suggesting that the calibration curve met the validity requirements for total phenolic determination. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 21.023 µg/mL, which is categorized as a very strong antioxidant. Although the IC₅₀ value was higher than that of quercetin, the antioxidant activity of the extract was still considered very good for a crude plant extract.
Evaluasi Formulasi Sediaan Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Faleria Destiani Hulu; Razoki Razoki; Refi Ikhtiari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1574

Abstract

Background: Noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) contain bioactive compounds that are easily degraded by environmental factors, thus requiring a delivery system that protects their stability. Microencapsulation is a technique of coating active compounds with a polymer matrix to enhance stability and delivery effectiveness. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microencapsulation formulation of ethanolic extract of noni leaves and to determine the extract concentration that produces the most optimal microencapsulation characteristics. Methods: The study was conducted experimentally. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Microencapsulation was formulated based on sodium alginate with CaCl₂ as a crosslinking agent and chitosan as a coating material. Three formulas were prepared: blank (F0), 2 g extract (F1), and 4 g extract (F2). Evaluations included morphology (SEM), particle size (PSA), moisture content, floating ability, and physical stability over 14 days at room temperature. Results: Microencapsulation was successfully formed with spherical morphology, dominant particle size in the nanoscale (0.04757 µm), moisture content below 5% (F0: 1.5%; F1: 2.4%; F2: 2.3%), floating ability up to 8 hours, and no organoleptic changes during storage. The formulation with 4 g extract (F2) showed the most optimal characteristics compared to other formulas. Conclusion: The microencapsulation method based on sodium alginate, CaCl₂, and chitosan is effective for encapsulating the ethanolic extract of noni leaves. The extract concentration of 4 g produced microencapsulation with the best physical stability, low moisture content, nanoscale particle size, and optimal floating ability.
Perbandingan Stabilitas Fisik Formulasi Farmasetika 5% dan 10% Zingiber officinale: Sifat Organoleptik, pH, Daya Sebar, dan Daya Lekat pada Kondisi Uji Cycling Test Putri Jati Utami; Triasari Oktavriana; Prasetyadi Mawardi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1587

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential, supporting its development as a topical agent for inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, but its physical stability must first be confirmed to ensure that therapeutic effects can be attributed to the active compound rather than formulation degradation. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physical stability of 5% (F1) and 10% (F2) ginger extract salves through organoleptic, pH, spreadability, and adhesion testing under cycling test conditions consisting of six cycles of 24 hours at 4 °C followed by 24 hours at 40 °C, with three replicates per formulation assessed at baseline and after each cycle. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-formulation comparisons and independent t-tests for between-formulation comparisons. Both formulations retained their characteristic ginger aroma, brown color, semi-solid consistency, and homogeneity throughout all six cycles. The pH of F1 ranged from 4.31 to 4.33 and F2 remained at 4.48, with no significant change between cycle 0 and cycle 6 (p > 0.05). Spreadability ranged from 4.79–4.84 cm for F1 and 5.20–5.33 cm for F2, while adhesion time was 4.78–4.82 s for F1 and 3.12–3.14 s for F2. The 10% formulation showed significantly higher pH and spreadability and significantly shorter adhesion time than the 5% formulation (all p<0.001), reflecting concentration-dependent rheological behavior. Both formulations demonstrated acceptable physical stability with all parameters within pharmacopoeial limits, supporting their use in subsequent in vivo efficacy studies for psoriasis.
Analisis Stigma Sosial Terhadap Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru di Kecamatan Tilango Nur Rasdianah; Marsela Idrus Mohamad; Madania Madania; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Nur Ain Thomas
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1588

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a global and national health problem. It also leads to social stigma, which may cause patients to be socially excluded, feel ashamed, and delay seeking examination and treatment, thereby becoming a barrier to TB control in the community. This study aims to analyze the level of stigma as well as the factors that are bivariately associated with the level of stigma towards pulmonary tuberculosis patients among respondents in Tilango District. This study employs quantitative design with an analytical cross-sectional approach conducted from January to April 2026 in Tilango Subdistrict. The population consists of 16,390 individuals, and a sample of 376 respondents was selected using the Raosoft calculator (margin of error 5% and confidence level 95%) and the purposive sampling technique. Data are collected using the TB stigma questionnaire (Van Rie) and a knowledge questionnaire regarding TB. Data analysis is conducted using the Chi-Square test. The level of social stigma in the community is predominantly moderate, accounting for 57.7% of the total 376 respondents. The bivariate analysis shows that age, level of education, occupation, history of contact with TB patients, and level of knowledge have a significant association with stigma (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, gender does not show a signifcant association (p = 0.205). This study indicates that social stigma toward pulmonary TB patients among respondents in Tilango Subdistrict remains at a moderate level and is associated with sociodemographic conditions and the level of public knowledge.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan (Bivariat) dengan Stigma pada Pasien TB Paru di Puskesmas Kota Gorontalo Nur Rasdianah; Jihan AR. Gubali; Moh. Reski; Endah N. Djuwarno; Ariani H.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1589

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem that not only affects physical health but also has psychological and social impacts, particularly stigma experienced by patients. Stigma can lead to delayed diagnosis, poor treatment adherence, and reduced social support. However, data on the level and factors associated with stigma among pulmonary TB patients in Gorontalo City are still limited. Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of stigma and the factors associated with stigma among pulmonary TB patients at three community health centers in Gorontalo City. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted from January to April 2026. A total of 107 pulmonary TB patients from the North City, Dungingi, and Central City Community Health Centers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated Van Rie’s stigma questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (chi-square test). Results: The majority of patients (53.3%) had a moderate level of stigma. Bivariate analysis revealed that only age was significantly associated with the level of stigma (p = 0.000), while gender, education level, occupation, duration of treatment, and number of household members showed no significant relationship (p > 0.05). Based on the mean score analysis of stigma dimensions, disclosure/fear stigma was the most dominant type experienced by patients (mean = 1.77), indicating patients’ fear of disclosing their disease status due to concerns about rejection, ostracism, and social discrimination. Conclusion: Disclosure/fear stigma was identified as the most dominant type of stigma among pulmonary TB patients, and age was a significant associated factor. Stigma remains a challenge in TB management. Future research is expected to explore other factors such as knowledge about TB, family support, and community awareness, as well as local cultural contexts using qualitative approaches.

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