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Narra X
Published by PT Narra Sains Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29882990     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.52225/narrax
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health
Narra X is a multidisciplinary journal, published three times in a year (April, August, and December). The journal aims to act as a platform for rapid scientific communication while upholding the highest integrity. Articles are published in a form of Original articles, Short Report, Case Reports, Methods articles, Review articles, and Letters to the Editor. All submitted articles are subjected to peer-review prior to their publication. As a multidisciplinary journal, Narra X welcomes articles from any subject field, depending on the editorial capacity. At the moment, Narra X is handled by section editors in the following fields: Health and medicine Chemistry Biology Mathematics Physics Narra X is online only journal and all articles do not have page numbers; instead, they are given a unique article number.
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Articles 90 Documents
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Oral microbiome: A paradigm shift in dental diagnosis Megantoro, Aryo; Alphianti, Likky T.; Gunawan, Paulina N.; Bachtiar, Endang W.; Bachtiar, Boy M.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i1.197

Abstract

For decades, the diagnosis of oral diseases primarily relied on clinical symptoms presented by patients. This traditional approach, which included visual inspection, palpation, and assessment of discomfort, provided limited insights into the underlying microbiological factors contributing to oral diseases. Recent studies have identified specific microorganisms believed to play pivotal roles in oral disease development, particularly in conditions such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and pulpitis. The challenge lies in the dynamic nature of the oral microenvironment, where the microbial community can shift rapidly due to changes in diet, hygiene practices, and overall health, complicating attempts to establish direct causative links between specific pathogens and oral diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the oral microbiome in advancing dental diagnostics and to assess how integrating microbial analysis can improve early detection and personalized treatment of oral diseases. Research into the oral microbiome has brought about a paradigm shift in understanding dental diagnostics. Advances in molecular biology techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have enabled more detailed examination of microbial communities within the oral cavity. This shift from a purely symptom-based diagnostic approach to one that incorporates microbial analysis represents a significant advancement in dental care. For instance, identifying specific bacterial profiles associated with caries could facilitate the implementation of personalized preventive measures, such as tailored oral hygiene regimens or dietary recommendations. Moreover, integrating microbiological data into clinical practices could lead to improved diagnostics for conditions that are traditionally difficult to assess. By adopting a more comprehensive view that includes microbial assessments, clinicians can better understand the interplay between oral microbiota and systemic health, as oral diseases are often linked to broader health issues. Another challenge is that this approach requires interdisciplinary collaboration among dental practitioners, microbiologists, and public health experts. This collaboration is essential to translate abstract microbiological findings into practical diagnostic indicators that can be utilized in clinical settings. Furthermore, with the advent of new technologies, maintaining accurate interpretations of microbiome data presents another layer of complexity, as variations in sample collection, processing, and analysis can lead to differing results. In summary, the elevated role of the oral microbiome in dental diagnostics marks a significant transition from traditional, symptom-focused approaches to more holistic methodologies that consider the underlying microbial communities. By leveraging advanced technologies, dental practitioners can enhance their diagnostic capabilities, leading to improved outcomes for patients suffering from various oral diseases.
Life expectancy in Iraq from 1950 to 2024: A retrospective time-series analysis Ahmed, Darya R.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i1.205

Abstract

Life expectancy is a vital demographic indicator reflecting the health and well-being of a population. The aim of this study was to analyze life expectancy trends in Iraq from 1950 to 2024 using Worldometer data aggregated from United Nations statistics. The Iraqi population increased from 6.37 million in 1955 to 46.04 million in 2024, representing a 623% increase, with urbanization rising from 38.4% to 71.8%. Fertility rates declined from 6.0 live births per woman in 1955 to 3.2 in 2024, peaking at 7.1 in 1970 before steadily decreasing.  Life expectancy improved significantly from 37.4 years in 1950 to 72.4 years in 2024, with a narrowing gender gap: life expectancy for men increased from 34.3 years in 1950 to 70.5 years in 2024, while for women, it rose from 41 years to 74.2 years over the same period. The median age also increased slightly, from 19.5 years in 1955 to 20.6 years in 2024. Infant mortality rates dropped dramatically, from 206.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1950 to 18.7 in 2024, and under-five mortality fell from 357.9 to 22.4. Despite historical conflicts, improvements in healthcare and living conditions highlight Iraq’s dynamic demographic changes, presenting the ongoing challenges and opportunities posed by its rapid growth and urbanization.
Phagocytic receptors regulate Drosophila larval growth Nagaosa, Kaz
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i1.210

Abstract

Drosophila melanogaster is a key model organism for biological research due to its genetic manipulability and high degree of evolutionary conservation with humans. Phagocytic receptors play a central role in apoptotic cell clearance, a fundamental process that is highly conserved across species. Previous studies have identified two major phagocytic receptors in Drosophila: integrin αPS3βν and Draper, both of which contribute to apoptotic cell removal. However, the physiological significance of these receptors under normal developmental conditions remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of these receptors in developmental timing. The results demonstrated that double mutants lacking both receptors exhibited significant developmental delays, especially during the larval stage (p<0.001). Moreover, tissue-specific knockdown experiments revealed that phagocytic receptors within the fat body are mainly involved in regulating developmental timing (p=0.028). Further results established that nutrient availability influenced the extent of growth delay, suggesting that these receptors may play a role in nutrient-dependent growth regulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that phagocytic receptors contribute to maintaining proper growth timing in Drosophila larvae, potentially through energy metabolism pathways.
Factors associated with clinical outcomes among children with delayed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease: A cross-sectional study Fachrozi, Muhammad R.; Adriansyah, Rizky; Pratita, Winra; Wahyuni, Arlinda S.; Tobing, Tina CL.; Trisnawati, Yunnie
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.191

Abstract

Delayed detection of critical congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a paucity of data on children with critical CHD in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to delayed diagnosis of critical CHD and its association with clinical outcomes such as mortality, heart failure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and ventilator use. A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records from Haji Adam Malik Medan General Hospital. The study included all children aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed with critical CHD. The statistical analysis was performed by utilizing SPSS version 25.0. A total of 59 subjects were analyzed. The findings revealed a significant relationship between factors such as age, sex, respiratory tract infections, type of CHD, surgical interventions, and underlying syndromic abnormalities with various clinical outcomes. Delayed diagnosis of critical CHD was associated with increased mortality, heart failure, ICU admission, and ventilator use, with these outcomes influenced by the aforementioned factors.
Gender disparities in HIV infections: A narrative review of the persistent vulnerability of adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa Musa, Shuaibu S.; Othman, Zhinya K.; Fadele, Kehinde P.; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Okesanya, Olalekan J.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Ishak, Abubakar S.; Alhassan, Muhammad Y.; Oyinloye, Emmanuel A.; Ogunleke, Praise O.; Alaka, Hassan O.; Jibo, Abdulrahman G.; Paz, Pearl IVD.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.211

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) disproportionately affects adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), who face a risk of infection up to three times higher than their male peers. SSA accounts for 65% of the global HIV burden, with Eastern and Southern Africa showing particularly high rates. The aim of this study was to examine the persistent gender disparities in HIV infections, focusing on the biological, social, and structural drivers of AGYW’s heightened vulnerability. Biological factors such as immature cervical development and hormonal influences intersect with social determinants, including gender inequality, cultural norms, and economic pressures. These factors reduce young women’s ability to negotiate safer sexual practices and increase reliance on transactional relationships with older partners. Despite initiatives such as determined, resilient, empowered, AIDS-free, mentored, and safe (DREAMS) and Education Plus, barriers such as stigma, gender-based violence, and limited access to youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services persist. Addressing these disparities requires multi-level, gender-responsive interventions that strengthen healthcare access, expand female-controlled prevention options, and promote education and economic empowerment. Closing the gender gap in HIV outcomes will demand sustained policy commitment and community engagement tailored to the needs of adolescent girls in SSA.
A scoping review of potential biomaterials as optimal platforms for triboelectric nanogenerators Saputra, Kormil; Khuzaima, Nabila D.; Melani, Melani; Wahyudin, Wahyudin; Madani, Awanda OP.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.214

Abstract

The increasing human reliance on electricity, driven by rapid technological advancement, continues to depend largely on non-renewable fossil fuels, raising critical concerns about energy sustainability and environmental degradation. This study aims to explore the potential of biomaterials as alternative platforms for enhancing the performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs), using a scoping review approach. A systematic literature review was conducted utilizing the Scopus, Crossref, and Google Scholar databases, guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. Relevant studies were analyzed based on publication trends, types of biomaterials employed, synthesis methods, operational mechanisms, and key electrical output parameters. The findings indicate that biomaterials such as cellulose, chitosan, and natural proteins exhibit promising triboelectric properties, contributing to improvements in energy conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, and operational stability of TENGs. Further research is recommended to optimize material structures and surface modifications to enhance charge transfer mechanisms. Additionally, the incorporation of carbon-based materials such as graphene and MXene with biomaterials has demonstrated significant potential to amplify device performance. This review also underscores the wide-ranging applications of biomaterial-based TENGs in wearable electronics, biomedical sensing, and eco-friendly energy systems. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview and valuable insights into the strategic role of biomaterials in advancing next-generation green energy technologies.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on salivary cortisol and psychological health among postmenopausal women: A pilot quasi-experimental study Syahdema, Muhammad F.; Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Nasution, Hiro HD.; Prabudi, Muhammad O.; Marpaung, Johny; Sukatendel, Khairani
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.224

Abstract

Menopause is a significant life transition often accompanied by mood disturbances, many of which are linked to cortisol levels and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and shares overlapping adverse outcomes with menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on salivary cortisol levels and psychological symptoms in postmenopausal women. This pilot study employed a quasi-experimental design, recruiting 32 postmenopausal women via consecutive sampling from the study population in Kwala Bekala Village, Medan Johor District. Participants were consecutively added into two groups, receiving either 1000 IU or 2000 IU of vitamin D daily for one month. Salivary cortisol levels and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) scores were measured before and after the intervention.  The findings revealed that serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in both groups, with higher post-supplementation levels in the 2000 IU group than in the 1000 IU group (28.94±5.86 ng/mL vs 24.13±5.28 ng/mL, p=0.021). Salivary cortisol decreased in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the 2000 IU group (median Δ=9.55 ng/mL vs mean Δ=4.92±4.29 ng/mL, p=0.032). Psychological symptoms measured by DASS scores also improved significantly, with the 2000 IU group showing a larger reduction (mean Δ=11.31±6.65 vs median Δ=3.5, p=0.022). Vitamin D supplementation at both 1000 IU and 2000 IU effectively reduced salivary cortisol and improved psychological symptoms in postmenopausal women. Due to differences in baseline characteristics, caution is warranted when inferring clear dose superiority.
Leveraging technology and partnerships to strengthen post-market surveillance of substandard medicines in Nigeria Umar, Abbas B.; Okunola, Olayinka F.; Sani , Saifuddeen K.; Yahaya , Hafsat; Awotimiro , Oluwafemi; Sokunbi, Taiwo O.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.226

Abstract

The circulation of substandard and falsified (SF) medical products remains a persistent global health crisis, with a disproportionately severe impact on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nigeria, as a major pharmaceutical market in Africa, is especially vulnerable due to a complex interplay of systemic challenges that weaken its regulatory framework. This review explores Nigeria's Post-Market Surveillance (PMS) landscape, highlighting key obstacles and leveraging recent advancements in technology and policy to propose an innovative, future-oriented strategy. Despite significant hurdles, the country has important opportunities to improve its PMS system through the strategic adoption of mobile authentication services, blockchain traceability, and artificial intelligence, along with targeted reforms. The paper concludes with specific, actionable policy recommendations, offering a roadmap for policymakers to develop a resilient, technology-driven PMS framework that safeguards public health and rebuilds trust in the nation's pharmaceutical supply chain.
Prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in a hospital-based cohort of police officers in Guayaquil Silva-Rojas, Glen A.; Farfán-Cano, Galo G.; Silva-Rojas, Kevin J.; Zea, Ariana
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.227

Abstract

Cardiac arrhythmias are a relevant cause of morbidity worldwide and are influenced by modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and occupational stress. Police officers face unique psychological and physical stressors, yet data on arrhythmias in this group remain scarce in Latin America. The aim of this study was to review medical records of police officers treated at the National Police Hospital of Guayaquil from January 2017 to December 2022. From 3,334 cardiology consultations, 100 officers with confirmed arrhythmias were identified. Demographic, clinical, and diagnostic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric correlations, and multivariate logistic regression. The proportion of arrhythmias among police officers attending cardiology care was 29.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 24.8–35.0%), corresponding to 3.0% of all cardiology consultations. Supraventricular tachycardia was the most frequent subtype (27%), followed by atrial fibrillation/flutter (11%). No significant associations were found between arrhythmia type and age, sex, or service status (all p>0.36). Logistic regression identified hypertension (OR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.7–3.1), obesity (OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.3–2.5), and occupational stress documented in medical records (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.2–2.1) as independent predictors. This exploratory hospital-based study describes the frequency and distribution of cardiac arrhythmias in Ecuadorian police officers and highlights their association with modifiable risk factors and occupational stress. Given the retrospective single-center design and selective sample, the results should not be generalized to the broader police population. Larger multicenter studies are required to better quantify arrhythmic burden in law enforcement personnel.
Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of methanol extract from Melia Azedarach L. fruit: Exploring for antidiabetic potential Aini, Qurratu; Nurdin, Nurdin; Mustanir, Mustanir; Safrida, Safrida; Fauzi, Tio R.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.229

Abstract

Melia azedarach L. (neem fruit) is a traditional plant with diverse bioactive constituents, yet its phytochemical profile and pharmacological potential remain underexplored. This study aimed to screen bioactive compounds and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract from M. azedarach fruit, while further performing computational exploration on its antidiabetic potential. M. azedarach fruits were macerated in methanol and analyzed through phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). GC-MS was used to identify chemical constituents. Molecular docking was performed using a blind docking approach in CBDock2 against five protein targets, which included DPP-4, PTPN1, α-amylase, NrfA, and AKR1B1. Protocol validation was ensured by successful re-docking of co-crystallized ligands (RMSD < 2.0 Å). The extract was observed to contain terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolics, with high TPC (479.8 mg GAE/g) and TFC (52.7 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity was moderate (IC50 = 102.27 µg/mL). GC-MS identified 14 compounds, including cucurbitacins, ursolic acid derivatives, α-amyrin, taraxasterol, and ergostane-type sterols. Docking revealed moderate affinities (–5.0 to –6.5 kcal·mol-1) for most compounds. The cucurbitacin bound α-amylase (–13.6 kcal·mol-1) and NrfA (–8.5 kcal·mol-1), and taraxasterol exhibited broad-spectrum activity across all targets (–7.1 to –9.2 kcal·mol-1). M. azedarach fruit demonstrates moderate antioxidant activity and contains diverse phytochemicals with multitarget interactions relevant to glucose regulation. Strong binding to DPP-4, PTPN1, α-amylase, and AKR1B1 suggests potential antidiabetic properties through inhibition of carbohydrate digestion, enhancement of insulin signaling, and prevention of diabetic complications.

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