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Narra X
Published by PT Narra Sains Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29882990     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.52225/narrax
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health
Narra X is a multidisciplinary journal, published three times in a year (April, August, and December). The journal aims to act as a platform for rapid scientific communication while upholding the highest integrity. Articles are published in a form of Original articles, Short Report, Case Reports, Methods articles, Review articles, and Letters to the Editor. All submitted articles are subjected to peer-review prior to their publication. As a multidisciplinary journal, Narra X welcomes articles from any subject field, depending on the editorial capacity. At the moment, Narra X is handled by section editors in the following fields: Health and medicine Chemistry Biology Mathematics Physics Narra X is online only journal and all articles do not have page numbers; instead, they are given a unique article number.
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Articles 90 Documents
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Role of nanotechnology in climate change mitigation: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions Musa , Abubakar H.; Musa, Shuaibu S.; Alhassan, Muhammad Y.; Okesanya, Olalekan J.; Ishak, Abubakar S.; Auwal, Auwal R.; Alaka, Hassan O.; Othman, Zhinya K.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Sy, Francis AR.; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Kouwenhoven, MBN.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.212

Abstract

Climate change, recognized as one of the most critical global public health emergencies, has led to extreme weather events and caused thousands of deaths annually, particularly in underserved areas due to limited financial resources. Nanotechnology, with its unique quantum properties, enhanced surface area, and heightened reactivity, has emerged as a promising tool for climate crisis management. The aim of this study was to explore the role of nanotechnology in mitigating climate change, offering insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with its deployment. Nanotechnology has transformed the renewable energy field by advancing sustainability, improving efficiency, and reducing costs. Nanomaterial also enhances the effectiveness of carbon capture and conversion processes, providing a viable path in the fight against climate change. Additional opportunities include lowering greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy conservation, and enabling cleaner technologies. Furthermore, nanotechnology holds the potential to revolutionize the mitigation of air, water, and land pollution, contributing to a more climate-resilient environment and supporting global climate goals. Despite these opportunities, its integration into climate change mitigation poses significant obstacles. Concerns include the generation of reactive oxygen species that may induce cellular dysfunction and carcinogenesis, as well as challenges related to sophisticated manufacturing processes, high material costs, and inadequate policy frameworks. While nanotechnology demonstrates significant potential in mitigating the effects of climate change, future studies should focus on comprehensive safety evaluations, cost-effective production methods, and strategies to minimize long-term environmental and health effects to ensure its sustainable and responsible application.
Strengthening pharmacovigilance systems through post-vaccination surveillance in Nigeria: A narrative review Umar, Abbas B.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Yusuf, Abduljalal N.; Zubairu, Mubarak; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.230

Abstract

Immunization remains a vital pillar of Nigeria’s public health agenda, significantly reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the success of immunization programs hinges not only on vaccine access and delivery but also on robust post-vaccination surveillance systems that ensure vaccine safety and foster public confidence. In Nigeria, post-vaccination pharmacovigilance, led by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), faces critical challenges, including underreporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), inadequate healthcare worker training, infrastructural limitations, and the widespread influence of misinformation. These systemic weaknesses threaten to undermine vaccine confidence, particularly in underserved and rural areas. The aim of this study was to examine the current state of Nigeria’s post-vaccination surveillance infrastructure, highlighting gaps in AEFI reporting and data management. Drawing on global best practices and successful models from other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this study proposes a set of strategic interventions to strengthen pharmacovigilance. These include the adoption of digital and mobile health technologies, capacity building for healthcare providers, community engagement, and integration of artificial intelligence in safety signal detection. This study underscores the urgency of regulatory reform and private sector inclusion, advocating a holistic and sustainable approach to vaccine safety monitoring. By reinforcing pharmacovigilance systems, Nigeria can build public confidence, improve vaccine uptake, and enhance the overall effectiveness of its national immunization program.
Key factors associated with self-care among patients with heart failure: A scoping review of cross-sectional studies Vatmasari, Ratih A.; Putra, Kuswantoro R.; Windarwati, Heni D.; Hany, Alfrina
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.231

Abstract

Heart failure is a life-threatening condition with increasing prevalence and mortality rate worldwide, often resulting in frequent hospitalizations and reduced quality of life. Effective self-care behaviors are essential for minimizing adverse health effects among patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize factors influencing self-care among individuals with heart failure. Articles published in English between 2017 and 2022 were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using predefined Boolean search terms, including 'self-care', 'factors', 'influence', 'heart failure patients', and 'cross-sectional study'. Of 740 records screened, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The identified factors were thematically categorized into sociodemographic, psychological, cognitive, and social domains. Sociodemographic factors (age, education, marital status, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class), health literacy, self-efficacy, depression, and family support were consistently identified as critical determinants. Self-efficacy emerged as a central factor, influencing the relationship between depression and knowledge of self-care performance. Family support proved to be a significant facilitator of effective self-care. These findings suggest that multiple interrelated factors contribute to suboptimal self-care among patients with heart failure. Addressing these determinants may inform the development of effective, culturally sensitive self-care interventions and guide nursing practice and health policy aimed at improving heart failure management.
Household clean and healthy living behaviors and stunting severity among children under five in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study Maghfirah, Dhiyal; Safri, Mulya; Maharani, Cut R.; Yusuf, Sulaiman; Sofia, Sofia
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.232

Abstract

The prevalence of stunting among children under five in Indonesia reached 21.5% in 2023, underscoring a persistent public health challenge. Behavioral factors, including Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB), are known to influence health outcomes and may contribute to child growth. The aim of this study was to examine the association between household CHLB and stunting severity among children under five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2024 in the Sukajaya Primary Health Center area. Using a total sampling technique, 62 mothers of stunted children aged 0–59 months were recruited. Data were collected through direct interviews using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of children’s height and weight. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS version 23.0. The results showed that children with severe stunting were significantly younger than those with moderate stunting (26.9±14.9 months, p<0.001). Overall, household CHLB implementation was suboptimal; however, no statistically significant association was identified between the overall CHLB and stunting severity (p=0.091). Multivariable analysis identified child age (OR=0.916, p=0.001) based on weight-for-age z-scores (OR=0.298; p=0.019) as an independent predictor of stunting severity, whereas household CHLB was not significantly associated (p=0.132). In conclusion, stunting severity among children under five was primarily associated with child age and nutritional status rather than household CHLB implementation. These findings highlight the importance of early-life nutritional interventions to prevent progression to severe stunting.
Ecological study on child nutrition in Indonesia: National urban–rural patterns and local-level variation Qanita, Intan; Abshori, Nuril F.; Rampengan, Derren DCH.; Ramadhan, Roy; Adji, Arga S.; Nurkolis, Fahrul; Al-Abdullah, Hatem B.; Al-Dubai, Sami A.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.235

Abstract

Indonesia continues to face a double burden of malnutrition, characterized by persistent undernutrition and a growing prevalence of overweight among children. Although urban children typically show lower rates of stunting and underweight, emerging evidence indicates rising obesity due to unhealthy behavior. At the same time, national indicators may mask substantial heterogeneity at the provincial and district levels. This study aimed to compare urban–rural disparities in child nutrition and maternal care at the national level and examines intra-provincial variation that may be obscured by aggregated statistics. An ecological analysis was conducted using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey. Urban–rural differences were evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and Chi-square tests. Sub-provincial analyses were undertaken in selected districts of Central Java and South Sulawesi to assess patterns of variation across smaller administrative units. At the national level, urban children exhibited lower odds of severe underweight (OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.75–0.81), underweight (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.80–0.84), and stunting (OR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.75–0.78). In contrast, they had higher odds of being at risk of overweight (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.31–1.40) and of consuming unhealthy foods (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.19–1.25). Rural areas showed poorer dietary diversity and lower coverage of antenatal care. District-level analyses revealed marked contrasts, where in Central Java, Magelang Municipality had lower odds of severe underweight than Surakarta and Tegal Municipalities. Meanwhile, in South Sulawesi, Makassar Municipality performed better than Pare-pare Municipality but still lagged behind Tana Toraja. These intra-provincial patterns suggest that urban residence does not uniformly confer nutritional advantage. Significant inequities persist not only between urban and rural populations but also across districts within the same province. Smaller cities with stronger health service access, such as Magelang Municipality, tend to show better child nutrition outcomes.
Antibacterial, antioxidant, and SucAla3-based anti-aging activities of Johar flower extract (Cassia siamea Lamk.) Hasballah, Kartini; Murniana , Murniana; Diah, Muhammad; Rusly, Renzavaldy; Fadlia, Yosi; Amna, Usratul; Husni, Muhammad NRR.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.236

Abstract

Cassia siamea flowers are recognized for their diverse secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids, which have been linked to various therapeutic properties. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the pharmacological activities of C. siamea leaves, bark, or crude extracts, evidence regarding the bioactivity of its flower extracts—particularly those obtained through sequential solvent partitioning—remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-aging potential of C. siamea flower extracts obtained through sequential solvent extraction. The extracts were prepared by maceration with methanol, followed by partitioning with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Anti-aging properties were evaluated through elastase inhibition assays, with the reduction of SucAla3 formation used as an indicator. Phytochemical profiling of the extracts was conducted using chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The findings revealed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 8.08±0.84 mm and 7.38±0.33 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Antioxidant analysis showed the methanol extract to be the most effective (IC50=66.76 µg/mL), followed by the methanol partition (IC50=75.97 µg/mL). The methanol extract demonstrated significant elastase inhibition, achieving 97.53% activity (IC50=13.89 µg/mL). GC–MS analysis identified two compounds as the major phytocomponents of the methanolic extract, namely octadecanoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester and tetradecanoic acid. In conclusion, C. siamea flower extracts have therapeutic potentials, particularly as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-aging agents.
Relationship between serum glutamine levels and mortality in sepsis patients: A single-center study in Indonesia Sihite, Enola GA.; Ginting, Franciscus; Sihotang, Lenni
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.238

Abstract

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid that plays a critical role in immune function, intestinal integrity, and metabolic homeostasis. Alterations in serum glutamine levels have been observed in critically ill patients, including those with sepsis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum glutamine levels and in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2025 at a tertiary university hospital in Indonesia, including 36 adult patients diagnosed with sepsis. Serum glutamine levels were measured within the first 24 hours of admission. Median serum glutamine levels were significantly lower in non-survivors compared with survivors (2.53 vs 4.96 ng/mL; p=0.001). Serum glutamine levels were also negatively correlated with disease severity as assessed by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (r=−0.447, p=0.006). Lower serum glutamine levels were associated with increased in-hospital mortality and greater organ dysfunction among sepsis patients. These findings suggest that serum glutamine reflects metabolic stress and disease severity rather than serving as a standalone prognostic biomarker.
CO2 emissions in Indonesia: Key contributing factors and determinants Aminy, Ika UA.; Inayah, Rahmatun; Saputra, Kormil; Jayatri, Adella U.; Hidayati, Dian M.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.241

Abstract

Climate change is driven by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). Developing countries such as Indonesia face a dilemma between meeting energy demands for development and reducing CO2 emissions. The aim of this study was to analyze trends of CO2 emissions in Indonesia during the period 1970–2023, utilizing secondary data from Our World in Data to obtain a comprehensive overview of national emission dynamics and Indonesia’s contribution at regional and global levels. A quantitative descriptive analysis method was applied using time-series data for the period 1970–2023, complemented by comparative analysis to evaluate temporal trends, dominant emission sources, and Indonesia’s proportional contribution at the Southeast Asia and global scales. The results indicate that Indonesia contributes approximately 3% of total global CO2 emissions and has the highest emission level in Southeast Asia, highlighting its strategic role in global climate change mitigation efforts. Historically, CO2 emissions in Indonesia showed a significant increase over the study period, rising from 3.37×108 tons in 1980 to 1.18×109 tons in 1984, largely due to economic growth from industrialization and increased energy consumption. The highest increase in CO2 occurred in 1997 due to forest fires and the El Niño phenomenon. Furthermore, the findings show that fossil fuel consumption, particularly coal, was the dominant contributor to national emissions in 2020. In conclusion, continued dependence on fossil energy remains a major challenge for Indonesia in achieving mitigation targets, underscoring the importance of energy transition and improved land-management strategies to curb future emission growth.
Prevalence of surgical site infections in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis Al-Gunaid, Seba T.; Rampengan, Derren DCH.; Khadra , Jomana B.; Elgohari, Aya T.; Mouzhir, Rim M.; Alzahrani, Abdulrahman A.; Osman, Mousab MAH.; Alabbad, Zahra A.; Adista, Muhammad A.; Al-Dubai, Sami A.; Aleid , Layan K.
Narra X Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): April 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v4i1.243

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) rank among the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections, leading to higher patient morbidity, extended hospitalizations, and increased healthcare expenses. Despite advancements in surgical practices within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations, information on SSI prevalence remains fragmented and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of SSIs in GCC countries and to assess variations according to surgical procedure type. A systematic search of PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies reporting SSI prevalence in the six GCC countries up to May 2025. The quality of the study was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random effects model, with subgroup analyses performed based on surgical procedure type. A total of 23 studies involving 32,366 patients were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of SSIs was 7% (95%CI: 4–10%; I²=92.9%), which suggests a significant level of variability. The highest SSI prevalence was observed in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures (42%), followed by colorectal surgeries (28%) and coronary artery surgeries (18%). Lower prevalence rates were reported for laparotomies (2%) and cholecystectomies (1%). Caesarean section, the most frequently reported procedure (n=12,419), had an SSI prevalence of 3% (95%CI: 2–4%; I²=84.5%). Smaller studies tended to report higher SSI prevalence estimates. In conclusion, the elevated incidence of SSIs in high-risk procedures, particularly CABG and colorectal surgeries, highlights the necessity for enhanced regional surveillance systems and targeted preventive measures across GCC healthcare settings.
Sustainability status of mangrove rehabilitation in Natuna Regency, Indonesia: A rapid appraisal using RAPFISH Metananda, Arya A.; Al-Reza, Dimaz D.; Hanum, Cut M.; Afrianto, Whisnu F.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.248

Abstract

Mangrove rehabilitation success is determined not only by biophysical recovery but also by social engagement, economic viability, and institutional governance. However, sustainability constraints in locally managed rehabilitation sites remain insufficiently characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sustainability status of mangrove rehabilitation in Bandarsyah Village, Natuna Regency, Indonesia, and to identify key leverage attributes across ecological, social, economic, and institutional dimensions. A Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries approach using Multidimensional Scaling (RAPFISH–MDS) was applied across four sustainability dimensions. Data were derived from structured field observations, document review, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including local government officers, rehabilitation practitioners, and community representatives. Sustainability attributes were scored using a standardized rubric and analyzed using MDS. Leverage analysis identified sensitive attributes influencing sustainability, while Monte Carlo simulation assessed the robustness of ordination results. The findings revealed that the ecological (MDS score 72.02) and social (72.52) dimensions were classified as sustainable, suggesting favorable environmental conditions and relatively strong community engagement. In contrast, the economic (MDS score 49.79) and institutional (34.75) dimensions were less sustainable, indicating limited livelihood benefits, weak financing continuity, and constrained governance capacity. Leverage analysis identified mangrove density, community access, rehabilitation funding, and policies and planning as the most influential attributes. Monte Carlo analysis confirmed the stability of the ordination, with small deviations from MDS scores (2.52–4.24), low stress values (0.10–0.11), and high model fit (R2=0.99). While mangrove rehabilitation in Bandarsyah Village is supported by ecological resilience and social participation, long-term sustainability is constrained by economic and institutional weaknesses. Strengthening financing mechanisms, operationalizing site-level planning, and improving governance enforcement are critical to sustaining rehabilitation outcomes in Natuna Regency.

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