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Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 14124734     EISSN : 24078646     DOI : 10.15408
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Focus and Scope FOCUS This journal focused on Islamic Studies and present developments through the publication of articles and research reports. SCOPE Ahkam specializes on islamic law, and is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Fatwa; Islamic Economic Law; Islamic Family Law; Islamic Legal Administration; Islamic Jurisprudence; Islamic Law and Politics; Islamic Legal and Judicial Education; Comparative Islamic Law; Islamic Law and Gender; Islamic Law and Contemporary Issues; Islamic Law and Society; Islamic Criminal Law
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 378 Documents
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Menimbang Wacana Formalisasi Hukum Pidana Islam di Indonesia Faisal Faisal
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.978

Abstract

Abstract: The Possibility of an Islamic Criminal Law Formalization Discourse in Indonesia. In the discourse of law, criminal law is often viewed as a cruel and barbarian law. This view is based on an assumption that although the application of criminal law aims to restore social balance, it is undeniable that the application of the criminal contains elements of retaliation against the perpetrators of crime. This is reinforced by the severe punishment-oriented model of criminal deprivation of liberty in the form of imprisonment that dominates almost all penal systems of the nations of the world, including Indonesia. This paper proves that the Islamic criminal law legislation in the formalization of the State legislation has a positive contribution in a framework to enrich and bring together a form of awareness of the commitments of the nation and the state.Keywords: law, crime, Islam, formalization, IndonesiaAbstrak: Menimbang Wacana Formalisasi Hukum Pidana Islam di Indonesia. Dalam diskursus ilmu hukum, hukum pidana seringkali dipandang sebagai hukum barbarian yang kejam. Pandangan ini didasarkan pada sebuah asumsi bahwa meskipun penerapan pidana bertujuan untuk memulihkan keseimbangan sosial yang rusak, namun tidak dapat dimungkiri bahwa dalam penerapan pidananya terkandung unsur pembalasan terhadap pelaku kejahatan. Hal ini diperkuat dengan masih massifnya model pemidanaan yang berorientasi pada pidana perampasan kemerdekaan berupa penjara yang mendominasi hampir seluruh sistem pemidanaan negara- negara dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa legislasi hukum pidana Islam ke dalam formalisasi perundang-undangan Negara memiliki kontribusi positif dalam rangka memperkaya sekaligus merekatkan kembali sebagai bentuk penyadaran terhadap komitmen dalam berbangsa dan bernegara.Kata Kunci: hukum, pidana, Islam, formalisasi, IndonesiaDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.978
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDY THE FATWAS OF SHARIA ECONOMICS Sofian Al Hakim
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v19i2.12219

Abstract

As a legal opinion, fatwas are an important part of the development of the Sharia economics. Islamic values embodied in sharia norms are confirmed in the fatwa. In case of sharia economics, the fatwa itself was determined by scholars who are considered to have scientific authority capable in the field of fiqh muamalah maliyah and Islamic economics. In principle, the fatwa is non-binding. Because, fatwas are legal opinions. However, the fatwa has a binding power when the fatwa is established as the basis for establishing compliance with sharia norms by law. As applied in several countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. This fatwa model is an interesting phenomenon to study. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis of the fatwa an analysis framework is needed that can be used as a guide in conducting a study. There are several analytical frameworks prepared by experts to analyze sharia economic fatwas. This article describes the analytical framework adapted from Emitai Etzioni when explaining social change. Fatwas are analyzed by considering the source of the birth of fatwa, the substance which is the content of the fatwa, and the impact of the fatwa on the economy and Islamic finance.
Perpaduan Syariah dan Budaya dalam Resolusi Konflik. Koko Komaruddin
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 16, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2900

Abstract

In harmonious and zero intolerance society, conflicts can still potentially occur. The cause of the conflict can be caused by many variables, such as politics, culture, religion, and economics. Research shows that in cases of multipurpose building, Hok Tek Bio temple, in Ciamis, the dominant factor of conflict is the different interpretation of the concept and implementation of sharia on houses of worship and diversity. Understanding sharia which puts theology as the basis of the diversity of the key religious figures of the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) Ciamis, the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), and the local community around the temple become strong force to be conflict resolution. The combination of sharia values understanding of Muslim leaders in FKUB, MUI, and the community and the cultural values of the Sundanese people in Ciamis can play as togetherness bond in harmonious life. Therefore, the model of civic pluralism that combines sharia and culture as local wisdom becomes an effective conflict resolution model.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2900
Islam, Human Rights, and AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) in Turkey Afwan Faizin; Ali Mansur; Akhmad Mughzi Abdillah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.20136

Abstract

The article aims to describe the influence of the political strengthening of the Turkish Islamist party, AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Justice and Development Party) on human rights legislation in Turkey's national legislation. The research was conducted in Turkey in 2019 with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews, literature studies, and focused groups discussion. The findings of the study conclude that although Islamic norms do not formally influence Turkey's human rights legislation, the strengthening of Islamist parties in Turkey “influences” the human rights legislation process in Turkey. An example is the failure of a bill to protect LGBT people proposed by the secular-Kemalist party, CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) caused by the majority of seats in the Turkish parliament controlled by the AKP. As a result, Turkey's membership in the European Union (EU) has not been accepted because several EU human rights protocols have not been ratified in Turkey's human rights legislation. The study shows that the view of AKP on human rights is not compatible with the universal human rights.    Abstrak: Artikel ini menjelaskan pengaruh menguatnya politik partai Islamis Turki AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Justice and Development Party) terhadap legislasi HAM pada perundang-undangan nasional Turki. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Turki pada 2019 dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam, studi literatur, dan Focussed Groups Discussion (FGD). Temuan penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meski legislasi HAM Turki secara formal tidak dipengaruhi oleh norma-norma Islam, tapi menguatnya partai Islamis di Turki “berpengaruh” terhadap proses legislasi HAM di Turki. Sebagai contoh adalah kandasnya rancangan undang-undang yang bertujuan melindungi kelompok LGBT yang diusulkan oleh partai sekular-Kemalis, CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People’s Party). Rancangan itu ditolak oleh mayoritas kursi parlemen Turki yang dikuasai oleh AKP. Akibatnya, hingga saat ini, keanggotaan Turki di Uni Eropa belum diterima karena beberapa protokol HAM Uni Eropa belum diratifikasi dalam legislasi HAM Turki. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran AKP tentang HAM tidak sesuai dengan gagasan universal HAM.
Al-Islām wa Qadhāyā Kurūnā: Dirāsah Muqāranah Bayna Al-Fatwā fī Mishr wa Indūnīsiyā JM Muslimin; Mahmoud Mohamed Hosny Mohamed; Wildan Munawar
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.21927

Abstract

This article discusses how Indonesia and Egypt dealt with Covid-19 from the Islamic law perspective. It focuses on fatwas regarding the establishment of religious rites in the Covid-19 periode. The study compares the two experiences in terms of the Islamic jurisprudential methodology and the fatwa issuance procedural systems. It analyzes the Islamic legal comparison between the Indonesian and Egyptian experiences in dealing with the Covid-19. This study found that the fatwa regarding Covid-19 in Egypt is responsive to the virus's rapid transmission. Therefore, Muslims have guidelines in performing worship during the Covid-19 period. The sharia arguments used in formulating the fatwa for the implementation of worship during the Covid-19 period are qiyas, maṣlaḥat, sad al-dharā'i and the opinions of the jurists. This methodological argument is used in principle to avoid the danger of spreading Covid-19.   Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas bagaimana Indonesia dan Mesir menghadapi Covid-19 dari perspektif hukum Islam. Fokus penelitian ini pada fatwa pelaksanaan ibadah pada masa Covid-19. Studi ini membandingkan dua segi metode yakni fikih Islam dan sistem prosedural penerbitan fatwa. Prosedur penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan hukum Islam antara pelaksanaan ibadah di Indonesia dan Mesir pada masa pandemi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa fatwa tentang Covid-19 di Mesir tidak responsif sehingga penularan virus yang cepat, sedangkan fatwa umat Islam di Indonesia dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam menjalankan ibadah selama masa Covid-19. Dalil-dalil syariah yang digunakan untuk merumuskan fatwa pelaksanaan ibadah selama masa Covid-19 adalah qiyās, maṣlaḥat, sad al-dharā'i dan pendapat para fukaha. Adapun argumen metodologis ini pada prinsipnya digunakan untuk menghindari bahaya penyebaran Covid-19.
Patah Titi and Substitute Heirs: A Study of Legal Pluralism on the Inheritance System in Aceh Community Khairuddin Hasballah; Ridwan Nurdin; Muslim Zainuddin; Mutiara Fahmi
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.22792

Abstract

This research analyzes the issue of the practice of inheritance of patah titi and substitute heirs in Acehnese society according to the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and local custom (adat). This empirical legal research uses a legal pluralism approach. Legal pluralism is a theory that analyzes the diversity of laws applicable and applied in the lives of society and the state. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews and literature review. The findings reveal that the people of Aceh practice a religious legal system, which consists of the KHI, fiqh, and adat in the distribution of inheritance. In the customary law, the practice known as “patah titi” concerns the case of inheritance in which an heir predeceases the testator, thus preventing the heirs’ living descendants from receiving inheritance rights. The customary practice in regards to patah titi bears a similarity to fiqh, in which it does not recognize a substitute heir, as fiqh only recognizes the replacement of the heir’s position. According to ulamas and traditional leaders, the practice of patah titi causes a divergent of opinions in which some agree whereas others do not. Those who disagree are more likely to use the term “will”, meaning that even though grandchildren do not inherit, sometimes they get property by way of a will. Furthermore, substitute heirs as confirmed in the KHI, although unavailable in fiqh and adat literature, are still recognized as they are in accordance with maqāṣid sharīah (the objectives of Islamic law), i.e. for justice and benefit purposes. To conclude, such a practice is a consequence of legal pluralism, which prioritizes harmonization and integration between the three legal systems.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis persoalan praktik pewarisan patah titi dan ahli waris pengganti dalam masyarakat Aceh menurut KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam), fikih, dan adat setempat. Penelitian hukum empiris ini menggunakan pendekatan pluralisme hukum. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa masyarakat Aceh menganut sistem hukum agama, yang terdiri dari KHI, fikih, dan adat dalam pembagian warisan. Dalam hukum adat, praktik yang dikenal sebagai patah titi menyangkut kasus pewarisan di mana seorang ahli waris mendahului pewaris sehingga mencegah keturunan ahli waris yang masih hidup untuk menerima hak warisan. Kebiasaan patah titi memiliki kesamaan dengan fikih, yaitu tidak mengenal ahli waris pengganti, karena fikih hanya mengenal pengganti kedudukan ahli waris. Para ulama dan tokoh adat berpendapat bahwa praktik ini menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan pendapat yang ada yang setuju dan ada yang tidak. Mereka yang tidak setuju lebih cenderung menggunakan istilah “wasiat”, artinya meskipun cucu tidak mewarisi, terkadang mereka mendapatkan harta dengan cara wasiat. Selanjutnya ahli waris pengganti yang ditegaskan dalam KHI, meskipun tidak ada dalam fikih dan literatur adat, tetap diakui sesuai dengan maqashid syariah (tujuan hukum Islam), yaitu untuk tujuan keadilan dan kemaslahatan. Kesimpulannya, praktik semacam itu merupakan konsekuensi dari pluralisme hukum yang mengutamakan harmonisasi dan integrasi antara ketiga sistem hukum tersebut.   
Sulūk al-Qāḍī: Muqāranah Bayna Mafhūm al-Māwardī fī Kitāb Adab al-Qāḍī wa Qawā’id Sulūk al-Qaḍa fī Indūnīsiyā Yayan Sopyan; Syamsudin Syamsudin
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.19671

Abstract

This study compares the Judicial Code of Conduct formulated by the Supreme Court of Indonesia and the classical Islamic jurisprudence using the case of the book of Adab al-Qāḍī by Al-Māwardī. The study uses a comparative legal approach to see how these two concepts discuss the integrity of judges. This study found that the Judicial Code of Conduct in Indonesia comes from Islamic law, which Al-Māwardī also uses. The Judicial Code of Conduct concept in Indonesia is in line with the theory of moral idealism, which views humans as moral beings who serve as guidelines for human attitudes and behavior. This is in line with the idea of the unity of the relationship between law and morality. Not all Code of Judicial Ethics in the book "Adab al-Qāḍī " is relevant in Indonesia. However, it cannot be ignored the importance of this book as one of the references in preparing the Judicial Code of Conduct in Indonesia.  Abstrak: Penelitian ini membandingkan Kode Etik Peradilan yang dirumuskan oleh Mahkamah Agung Indonesia dan yurisprudensi Islam klasik yang berdasar kitab Adabu al-Qāḍī karya Al-Māwardī. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum komparatif untuk melihat bagaimana kedua konsep tersebut membahas integritas hakim. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia bersumber dari hukum Islam, yang juga digunakan oleh Al-Māwardī. Konsep Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia sejalan dengan teori idealisme moral yang memandang manusia sebagai makhluk bermoral yang menjadi pedoman sikap dan perilaku manusia. Hal ini sejalan dengan gagasan kesatuan hubungan antara hukum dan moralitas. Adapun Kode Etik Peradilan yang terdapat dalam Adab al-Qāḍī tidak semuanya relevan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Namun demikian, buku ini tetap penting untuk dijadikan salah satu acuan dalam penyusunan Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia.
Islamic Court’s Approach to Land Dispute in Inheritance Cases Lego Karjoko; Abdul Kadir Jaelani; Hilaire Tegnan; Henning Glaser; Muhammad Jihadul Hayat
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.21864

Abstract

This study examines the legal considerations in settling inheritance disputes involving land distribution in Selong Religious (Islamic) Court of West Nusa Tenggara. The data in this study were obtained from interviews and court decision analysis. This study shows that the practice of granting property before the death of the muwārith (testator) can cause inheritance-based land disputes in the future. Disputes usually arose when the land was distributed only to particular heirs, neglecting the others, especially the daughters and their descendants. In deciding the land disputes in inheritance cases, judges evermore considered the legal validity of the land distribution. Besides that, the judges use Islamic legal sources such as the Quran, Hadith, opinions of scholars, and fiqh in their legal considerations. However, the use of these multiple references does not necessarily lead to a diverse outcomes.  Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam memutus perkara sengketa hibah tanah di Pengadilan Agama Selong, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara dan analisis putusan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan masyarakat menghibahkan harta sebelum kematian pewaris cenderung menjadi pemicu sengketa tanah berbasis waris di kemudian hari. Sengketa biasanya muncul dari pembagian tanah yang hanya kepada sebagian ahli waris dan merugikan sebagian ahli waris yang lain, terutama bagi anak perempuan dan keturunannya. Dalam memutus sengketa hibah tanah dalam kewarisan, hakim selalu mempertimbangkan keabsahan hukum hibah tanah dalam kasus yang diajukan. Selain itu, hakim juga menggunakan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, hadis, pendapat ulama, dan kaidah fikih sebagai pertimbangan hukumnya.
Dowry Amount in Aceh-Indonesia and Selangor-Malaysia: Between State Regulations and Customs Musyaffa Amin Ash-Shabah; Nahrowi Nahrowi; Masyrofah Masyrofah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.19673

Abstract

This study examines the legal considerations in settling inheritance disputes involving land distribution in Selong Religious (Islamic) Court of East  Nusa Tenggara. The data in this study were obtained from interviews and court decision analysis. This study shows that the practice of granting property before the death of the muwārith (testator) can cause inheritance-based land disputes in the future. Disputes usually arose when the land was distributed only to particular heirs, neglecting the others, especially the daughters and their descendants. In deciding the land disputes in inheritance cases, judges evermore considered the legal validity of the land distribution. Besides that, the judges use Islamic legal sources such as the Quran, Hadith, opinions of scholars, and fiqh in their legal considerations. However, the use of these multiple references does not necessarily lead to a diverse outcomes.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas praktik pemberian mahar dalam perkawinan masyarakat Aceh, Indonesia dan Selangor, Malaysia. Studi ini mengkaji ketentuan kadar mahar dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia dan Malaysia serta penerapannya di tengah masyarakat. Sumber data dalam penelitian hukum empiris ini adalah wawancara dan studi dokumen. Data-data tersebut kemudian diolah menggunakan teori realisme hukum dan teori ‘urf. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ketentuan kadar mahar dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia berdasarkan asas kesederhanaan dan kemudahan. Namun, dalam praktiknya aturan adat Aceh menjadi pilihan masyarakat dalam menentukan dan menetapkan kadar mahar. Penetapan kadar mahar di Aceh ditentukan oleh pihak keluarga perempuan yaitu mahar mitsl, yang diberikan dalam bentuk emas dengan sebutan mayam. Berbeda dengan kadar mahar Negeri Selangor yang ditentukan oleh Pemerintah Kerajaan Negeri dengan kadar minimum RM 300.00 yang merupakan kesatuan antara mahar dan hantaran untuk gadis maupun janda. Kenyataannya di masyarakat terdapat beberapa orang Selangor yang masih menetapkan sendiri nilai hantaran yang harus diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan.
Modern Slavery and Forced Labour: An Overview of International Law, the Malaysian Law and Islamic Law Perspectives Hendun Abd Rahman Shah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i2.22543

Abstract

The paper aims to provide an overview of modern slavery and forced labour under international, Malaysian and Islamic law perspectives. It employs doctrinal methods which mainly focus on library-based research through legal analysis and review of past works, as well as the historical and explanatory method that help explain the views of commentators and scholars in international and Islamic law. It then connects ideas to understand the issue in the local context. This paper concludes that there is a lack of a clear definition of modern slavery universally, which makes it difficult to identify whether the exploitation of the workers, is amounting to merely a violation of rights or to some extent is amounting to slavery or forced labour or trafficking of persons as demarcated by either International law or the Malaysian law. Nevertheless, Islamic law has not given much emphasis on definition, rather it provides remedy and guidelines in protecting workers from oppression and slavery such as regulating the relationship between the employer and the worker according to the precise legal criteria to guarantee fulfilment of rights and non-aggression so that labour does not turn into a new arena of modern slavery.   Abstrak: Paper ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang perbudakan modern dan kerja paksa di bawah perspektif hukum internasional, hukum Malaysia dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode doktrinal melalui analisis hukum dan tinjauan karya-karya masa lalu, serta metode sejarah yang membantu menjelaskan pandangan para komentator dan sarjana dalam hukum internasional dan hukum Islam yang dihubungkan dengan ide-ide untuk memahami masalah dalam konteks lokal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada kekurangan definisi yang jelas tentang perbudakan modern secara universal, yang membuat sulit untuk mengidentifikasi apakah eksploitasi pekerja, hanya merupakan pelanggaran hak atau sampai batas tertentu merupakan perbudakan atau kerja paksa atau perdagangan orang sebagaimana diatur oleh hukum Internasional atau hukum Malaysia. Namun demikian, hukum Islam belum banyak memberikan penekanan pada definisi, melainkan memberikan perbaikan dan pedoman dalam melindungi pekerja dari penindasan dan perbudakan, seperti mengatur hubungan antara majikan dan pekerja sesuai dengan kriteria hukum yang tepat untuk menjamin pemenuhan hak sehingga tenaga kerja tidak berubah selalu menjadi arena perbudakan modern.

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