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Benzena Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal
Published by Universitas Pekalongan
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29617375     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/benzena.v2i01.3065
Core Subject : Health, Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Benzena Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal adalah jurnal peer-review yang diterbitkan dua kali setahun (Juni dan Desember) oleh Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pekalongan. Ini tersedia online sebagai sumber akses terbuka dan juga dalam bentuk cetak. Pernyataan ini memperjelas perilaku etis semua pihak yang terlibat dalam tindakan penerbitan artikel di jurnal ini, termasuk penulis, pemimpin redaksi, Dewan Editorial, reviewer, dan penerbit. Pernyataan ini didasarkan pada Pedoman Praktik Terbaik COPE untuk Editor Jurnal. Focus dan scope : Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Biology, Herbal Medicines, Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Community and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 108 Documents
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Scoping Review: Analysis Of Drug-Related Problems In Geriatric Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Kharina Anisya; Fita Rahmawati
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7861

Abstract

Backgrounds: Chronic Kidney Disease decreases the glomerular filtration rate eGFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 for three months. CKD can cause renal dysfunction, end-stage renal disease, and progression of cardiovascular disease. The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD) affects aging populations. The Elderly frequently present multiple comorbidities leading to polypharmacy and are vulnerable to medication-related problems. Objective: This study aimed to review potential drug-related problems (DRPs) in geriatric patients with advanced CKD. Methods: The research approach is a scoping review, which involves searching for publications published in journals about drug-related difficulties in geriatric patients or elderly with ESRD. Literature searches were conducted through electronic database searches, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Journals were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Results: The results led to 5 published journals that indicate DRPs in CKD patients statistically increase along with age due to comorbidities and polypharmacy. Conclusion: The most common DRPs found were inappropriate medication, side effects, non-prescribed drugs, contraindications, and medication prescribing errors. Healthcare providers must reassess each medication prescribed for every elderly patient to minimize the incidence of DRPs.
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Decoction and Infusion Suruhan Herb (Peperomia pellucida) Muhammad Sa'ad; Retnowati Adiningsih; Iffatul Fauziah; Naswa Salsabila Raiqah Putri
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7948

Abstract

Background: Suruhan herb (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) is a traditional medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. One of these is its antioxidant activity due to its content of secondary metabolites such as phenols. Phenolic compounds have biological activity as natural antioxidants that can ward off free radicals that cause cell damage and various degenerative diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content and determine which extraction method yields the highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity in boiling and brewing of suruhan herb using the DPPH method. Method: Total phenol content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with gallic acid as the standard. The DPPH method was used to determine antioxidant activity, with vitamin C as a positive control. Results: The results showed that the boiled and brewed of suruhan herb contained phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The highest yield was obtained with the boiled method at 56.4%, while the brewed method yielded 21.53%. The total phenol content of the boiled extract was 50.308±0.337 mg GAE/g, while the brewed was 44.649±0.079 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity test results showed that the boiled extract had an IC50 value of 28.316 ppm, the brewed 33.942 ppm, and vitamin C, as a positive control, was 4.084 ppm. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of the boiled extract and the brewed was categorized as very strong, with the boiled extract showing higher antioxidant activity, consistent with the results of total phenol measurements, which also showed higher levels in the boiled extract.
Evaluation of the Anti-Joint Pain Activity of Genjer Leaf Extract in AgNO₃-Induced Rats Disa Andriani; Dian Puspitasari
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7960

Abstract

Joint pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that can significantly reduce mobility, physical function, and quality of life. Despite the availability of conventional analgesics, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Genjer (Limnocharis flava), a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive constituents, has shown potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a promising natural candidate for the management of joint pain. Therefore, investigating the therapeutic potential of L. flava is important for the development of safer and more effective treatments for joint pain. Objective: This study aimed to determine the anti-joint pain activity of genjer extract in AgNO₃-induced rats and evaluate its effectiveness at different dose levels. Method: The experiment was conducted using four treatment groups: negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (diclofenac sodium), genjer extract at a dose of 100 mg, and genjer extract at a dose of 200 mg. The observed parameters included limping score, paw usage, mechanical hyperalgesia, and joint swelling at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after treatment. Results: The positive control group showed the greatest reduction in pain scores among all groups. Both doses of genjer extract also reduced pain compared with the negative control, and the 200 mg dose produced a stronger effect than the 100 mg dose. These findings suggest that genjer extract has antinociceptive activity by reducing sensitivity to mechanical pain. However, all treatment groups showed only slight reductions in joint swelling. Conclusion: Genjer extract exhibited anti-joint pain activity in AgNO₃-induced rats. The most effective dose was 200 mg, which showed greater pain-relieving activity compared to the 100 mg dose.  
GAMBARAN PENYIMPANAN OBAT HIGH ALERT: ELEKTROLIT KONSETRAT DAN LOOK-ALIKE SOUND-ALIKE DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD BENDAN PEKALONGAN Nesya Aminingrum; Irda Rizky Wiharti; Wulida Nuril Fajriyah
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7962

Abstract

Background: The storage of High Alert, Concentrated Electrolytes and Look-Alike Sound-Alike (LASA) medications is an important part of pharmaceutical services because it is directly related to patient safety and the prevention of medication errors. High Alert medications have a High Alertrisk of causing serious harm if an error occurs, while LASA medications are prone to being mistaken due to similarities in names or packaging. Inappropriate drug storage can increase the risk of dispensing errors and reduce the quality of pharmaceutical services. Objective: This study aimed to determine the overview of High Alert, Concentrated Electrolytes and LASA drug storage in the Pharmacy Installation of Bendan Regional Hospital, Pekalongan. Method: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample used a total sampling technique of 81 High Alert medications: Concentrated Electrolytes and LASA available at the Pharmacy Installation of Bendan Pekalongan Regional Hospital. Data collection was conducted through direct observation using a checklist based on the hospital's Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and Minister of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016. Data were analyzed descriptively using percentages. Results: The results showed that the compliance rate of drug storage based on therapeutic class was 86.41%, alphabetical arrangement 91.35%, FIFO/FEFO system 100%, and High Alert/LASA labeling 100%. Overall, the storage compliance level reached 94.44%, categorized as good. The most commonly stored dosage form was tablets, although some discrepancies were still found in therapeutic class and alphabetical arrangement Conclusion: . In conclusion, the storage system of High Alert and LASA medications in the Pharmacy Installation of Bendan Regional Hospital, Pekalongan has been implemented well and largely complies with standards, but periodic evaluation and optimization are still needed to improve patient safety.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Eco-Enzyme Limbah Sortasi Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) dan Wortel (Daucus carota L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Slamet Eko; khafid mahbub
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7965

Abstract

Background: Vegetable sorting waste, such as tomatoes and carrots, contains organic compounds with the potential to be processed into eco-enzyme through a fermentation process. This liquid is rich in organic acids, particularly acetic acid, which possesses natural antibacterial properties. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of eco-enzyme derived from tomato and carrot sorting waste, specifically against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Method: This study employed a laboratory experimental method. The eco-enzyme was prepared using a sugar, sorting waste, and water ratio of 1:3:10 over a three-month period. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Chloramphenicol was used as the positive control, while DMSO served as the negative control. The inhibition zone data were subsequently analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. Results: The results showed that both eco-enzymes met the quality standard with a pH below 4.0 (2.87 for tomato sorting waste eco-enzyme and 2.71 for carrot sorting waste eco-enzyme). All concentrations successfully formed inhibition zones, with the highest efficacy observed at the 15% concentration, yielding diameters of 16.8 mm for tomato sorting waste eco-enzyme and 18.3 mm for carrot sorting waste eco-enzyme. Conclusion: It is concluded that the increase in concentration is directly proportional to its inhibitory strength against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Sistem Farmakovigilans di Indonesia: Tinjauan Naratif Regulasi, Praktik Tenaga Kesehatan dan Tantangan Pelaporan Khabib Imadudin; Githa Fungie Galistiani; Didik Setiawan
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7969

Abstract

Background: Pharmacovigilance is an essential instrument for protecting public health after drugs are marketed. However, the implementation of this system in Indonesia was still hampered because the periodic adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting rate was recorded as very low. Objective: This review was aimed to evaluate the regulatory changes in Indonesian pharmacovigilance. Additionally, this study reviewed the competency levels, psychological conditions of healthcare professionals, operational barriers on the national reporting platform, and compared systems across Southeast Asia. Method: This study was conducted using a narrative review method. Literature sources were collected from BPOM regulations and recent original articles regarding ADR reporting practices by healthcare professionals. Evaluations were also conducted on the challenges of using the e-MESO application in various healthcare facilities across Indonesia, alongside a comparative study of pharmacovigilance governance in Southeast Asia. Results: Indonesia was found to have strengthened its legal framework for pharmacovigilance progressively to achieve WHO Listed Authority (WLA) status. Nevertheless, knowledge-practice gaps and the phenomenon of low ADR reporting were identified to be still widely found in the field. These barriers were triggered by a blame culture, a lack of local guidelines, the absence of an autosave feature, and the administrative burden on the e-MESO system. The comparative study demonstrated that Indonesia needs to implement proactive methods, such as trigger tools, and optimize the role of structured consumer reporting by the public. Conclusion: This narrative review concluded that strengthening of pharmacovigilance in Indonesia was supported by new regulations, but was hindered by systemic underreporting and psychosocial challenges that also occurred in Southeast Asia. Therefore, system improvements could not rely solely on e-MESO 2.0, but instead demanded a no blame culture reform in healthcare facilities, the establishment of local Standard Operating Procedures, the application of proactive methods, early education in pharmacy institutions, and active community involvement.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan tentang Iklan Obat Batuk Anak terhadap Perilaku Pengobatan Mandiri Masyarakat di Dahlia 3 Posyandu, Surakarta Aprillia Chriska Diyanti; retnowati adiningsih
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7972

Abstract

Background: Self-medication using over-the-counter medicines continues to grow in Indonesia, reaching 69.43% in 2022. Children's cough medicine advertising in mass media is considered one of the factors influencing selfmedication decisions; however, persuasive advertising may promote irrational drug selection and contribute to medication errors. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of knowledge regarding children's cough medicine advertising in mass media on community self-medication behavior at Dahlia 3 Posyandu, Pucang Sawit Village, Surakarta City. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytical study using an analytical cross-sectional survey design with accidental sampling, involving 42 mothers who participated in posyandu activities in January 2025. A validated questionnaire was used, tested for reliability using KR-20 for knowledge (α = 0.809) and Cronbach's Alpha for behavior (α = 0.734). Results: Univariate analysis showed that most respondents had good knowledge (90.5%) and negative self-medication behavior (57.1%). Normality testing using KolmogorovSmirnov and Shapiro-Wilk indicated non-normal data distribution (p = 0.000), thus the median was used as the cut-off point. Fisher's Exact Test revealed no significant relationship between knowledge and self-medication behavior (p = 0.623). Conclusion: Knowledge of children's cough medicine advertising does not directly determine self-medication behavior, as behavior is shaped by multiple interacting factors including attitudes, personal experience, social influence, and advertising persuasiveness.
Polypharmacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review of Concepts, Clinical Impacts and Management Strategies Enggar Astuti
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7973

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly those with heart failure, commonly present with multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and psychological disorders. These conditions often require the concurrent use of multiple medications that are clinically indicated and guideline based, however it may also increase the risk of drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, poor adherence, and treatment burden. Objective: This narrative review aims to examine the polypharmacy in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, including its definition, prevalence, contributing factors, clinical impacts, management strategies. Results: Polypharmacy is commonly defined as the concurrent use of five or more medications. Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among patients with heart failure, especially older adults and those with multiple comorbidities. The impact of polypharmacy is not always negative, as some medications, such as guideline-directed medical therapy, have been shown to improve prognosis in patients with heart failure. However, inappropriate polypharmacy may increase the risk of potentially inappropriate medications, therapeutic competition, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, hospitalization, reduced quality of life, and medication non-adherence. Management strategies include medication review, medication reconciliation, medication therapy management, deprescribing, and multidisciplinary collaboration among physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Polypharmacy is a common condition among patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly those with heart failure. Its management should be individualized, systematic, multidisciplinary, and patient-centered. The primary focus should not merely be reducing the number of medications, but ensuring that each medication is appropriately indicated, safe, effective, and provides benefits that outweigh its risks. Keywords: polypharmacy, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, medication review, deprescribing.
Narrative Review : Implementasi Farmakoekonomi dalam Program Kesehatan Stunting Chiara Dhinta; Didik Setiawan; Indri Hapsari
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7974

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia because it impacts physical growth, cognitive development, economic productivity, and the quality of human resources. Although the prevalence of stunting shows a downward trend, its incidence remains relatively high, necessitating effective and efficient interventions. A pharmacoeconomic approach, specifically cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), can be used to evaluate the efficiency of various stunting prevention and management programs. Objective: This narrative review aims to examine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children and analyze the implementation of pharmacoeconomics through a cost-effectiveness analysis approach in various stunting control programs. Methods: The study was conducted using a narrative review method with secondary data sources obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The literature search was conducted on publications from 2008–2026. Articles that met the inclusion criteria included observational studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and economic evaluation studies related to stunting programs. A total of 30 articles were analyzed descriptively. Results: The study showed that stunting is influenced by nutritional factors, recurrent infections, low birth weight, maternal nutritional status, maternal education, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental sanitation. Interventions such as micronutrient supplementation, supplementary feeding, exclusive breastfeeding promotion, nutrition education, and sanitation improvements have been proven effective in reducing the risk of stunting. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that interventions in the First 1,000 Days of Life provide significant health and economic benefits with efficient use of resources. Conclusion: Implementing pharmacoeconomics through cost-effectiveness analysis plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making for stunting reduction programs. Nutrition and health interventions in early life have proven effective and provide long-term economic benefits, making them worthy of prioritization in public health policies. Keywords: Stunting; Pharmacoeconomics; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Nutrition Program; Child Health
Narrative Review: Penerapan Sistem Key Performance Indicators untuk Pengelolaan Apotek yang Optimal Dinda Farida; Indri Hapsari; Erza Genatrika
BENZENA Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Vol 5 No 01 (2026): BENZENA PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7976

Abstract

Background: Pharmacies, as pharmaceutical service facilities, are expected to provide quality services amid increasing operational complexity and public expectations. Challenges like dispensing errors, non-compliance with service standards, and inefficiencies in inventory management can affect patient safety and operational sustainability. Therefore, data-based performance measurement tools are needed to support continuous quality improvement. Objective: This narrative review is prepared to examine the basic concepts of KPIs in pharmaceutical services, identify relevant indicators along with factors that influence their implementation, and formulate a framework for applying KPI based on the Balanced Scorecard in pharmacies. Method: The research uses a narrative review method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Literature was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using keywords related to KPI, pharmacy management, Balanced Scorecard, and pharmaceutical services. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed to identify KPI indicators, supporting and inhibiting factors, and implementation strategies. Results: The study results indicate that pharmacy KPIs can be classified into four main domains: operational, clinical, financial, and patient satisfaction. KPI implementation is influenced by supporting factors such as managerial leadership, human resource readiness, the availability of integrated information systems, and the suitability of indicators to the local context. Conversely, major obstacles include staff's lack of understanding of the KPI concept, limitations in digital recording systems, and the lack of standard KPIs for community pharmacies. The implementation of the Balanced Scorecard framework is considered relevant for integrating various perspectives of pharmacy performance in a comprehensive and measurable manner. Conclusion: KPIs are an effective tool for objectively measuring and improving pharmacy performance. Implementing Balanced Scorecard-based KPIs has the potential to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services and support the sustainability of pharmacy operations.

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