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Rona Teknik Pertanian
Published by Universitas Syiah Kuala
ISSN : 20852614     EISSN : 25282654     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering
JRTP is the official journal from the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University (Unsyiah), Banda Aceh-Indonesia. It covers and devotes a complete and interdisciplinary wide range of research and review in engineering applications for agriculture and biosystems: agricultural machinery, soil and water engineering, tillage, precision farming, post-harvest technology, agricultural instrumentation, sensors, bio-robotics, systems automation, processing of agricultural products and foods, quality evaluation and food safety, audit energy, waste treatment and management, environmental control, energy utilization agricultural systems engineering, bio-informatics, computer simulation, farm work systems, mechanized farming and ergonomi.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 207 Documents
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Pengujian Kinerja Mesin Singulasi Benih Kedelai Berbasis Disk Vertikal Dengan Pengaturan Kecepatan Variabel Menggunakan Motor Stepper Dhani, Harsa; Puri Nurani, Maria
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.49251

Abstract

Abstrak. Guna mengoptimalkan penggunaan benih yang merupakan komponen biaya input terbesar dalam budidaya kedelai, diperlukan mesin singulasi benih yang mempunyai unjuk kerja tinggi, terjangkau, dan sesuai untuk kondisi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan mengevaluasi kinerja mesin singulasi benih kedelai dengan disk vertikal berdiameter 118 mm yang dilengkapi seed cell sesuai dimensi rata-rata benih kedelai (8,8 mm 7,4 mm 6 mm). Bentuk seed cell disesuaikan dengan sifat gesekan benih kedelai dan permukaan PETG sebagai material disk. Desain disk vertikal dapat meminimalkan kerusakan benih saat pengambilan, dibandingkan desain dengan screw. Mesin singulasi terdiri atas hopper penampung benih dan kontainer pengambilan benih satu per satu oleh seed cell di sekeliling disk. Disk digerakkan motor stepper dengan kecepatan putar variabel yang dikontrol presisi oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3. Evaluasi dilakukan pada kecepatan putar disk 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, dan 5 rpm. Hasil terbaik mencapai 100% singulasi atau Miss Index nol pada rentang 5 rpm kebawah dengan kecepatan linier permukaan disk 0,11 km/jam atau kurang. Penanaman benih presisi ini menghilangkan benih multiple dan missing pada skala laboratorium.Performance Testing of a Vertical Disc-Based Soybean Seed Singulation Machine with Variable Speed Control Utilizing a Stepper MotorAbstract.To optimize the use of seeds, which are the largest input cost component in soybean cultivation, a seed singulation machine with high performance, affordability, and suitability for conditions in Indonesia is required. The objective of this research is to design and evaluate the performance of a soybean seed singulation machine with a 118 mm diameter vertical disk equipped with seed cells according to the average dimensions of soybean seeds (8.8 mm 7.4 mm 6 mm). The shape of the seed cell is adjusted to the frictional properties of soybean seeds and the PETG surface as the disk material. The vertical disk design can minimize seed damage during pickup, compared to a screw design. The singulation machine consists of a seed hopper and a container for individual seed pickup by the seed cells around the disk. The disk is driven by a stepper motor with variable rotational speed precisely controlled by an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. Evaluation was conducted at disk rotational speeds of 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 rpm. The best result achieved 100% singulation or a zero Miss Index in the range of 5 rpm and below, with a disk surface linear speed of 0.11 km/h or less. This precision seed planting eliminates multiple and missing seeds on a laboratory scale.
Literatur Review : Efektivitas NIRS dalam Mengukur Kandungan Air dan Kadar Gula pada Tanaman Hortikultura Mardiantono, Mardiantono; Hartuti, Sri
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.46251

Abstract

Abstrak.Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) merupakan teknologi non-destruktif yang semakin banyak digunakan dalam bidang pertanian untuk analisis kualitas tanaman secara cepat dan efisien. Dalam konteks hortikultura, NIRS menawarkan potensi besar untuk mengukur parameter penting seperti kandungan air dan kadar gula yang menjadi indicator utama mutu hasil panen. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur terhadap efektivitas penggunaan NIRS dalam mengukur kedua parameter tersebut pada berbagai jenis tanaman hortikultura. Studi literatur dilakukan terhadap publikasi ilmiah terkini (2020-2024) yang mengevaluasi keakuratan prediksi, metode kalibrasi, dan penerapan teknologi NIRS di lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa NIRS mampu menghasilkan prediksi yang baik dengan nilai koefisien determinasi () yang tinggi, baik dalam pengukuran kandungan air maupun kadar gula pada tanaman hortikultura. Namun, efektivitas NIRS sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti variabilitas sampel, kondisi lingkungan, dan kebutuhan model kalibrasi yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, NIRS merupakan alat prospektif untuk pemantauan kualitas hasil hortikultura secara real-time, meskipun masih diperlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi keterbatasan teknis dan operasional di lapangan.Literature Review: The Effectiveness of NIRS in Measuring Water Content and Sugar Levels in Horticultural CorpsAbstract.Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive technology that is increasingly utilized in agriculture for rapid and efficient plant quality analysis. In the context of horticulture, NIRS offers significant potential for measuring key parameters such as water content and sugar levels, which are primary indicators of post-harvest quality. This article presents a literature review on the effectiveness of NIRS in measuring these two parameters across various horticultural crops. The review covers recent scientific publications (2020-2024) that evaluate prediction accuracy, calibration methods, and field aplications of NIRS technology. The findings indicate that NIRS can produce accurate predictions with high coefficients of determination () for both water content and sugar level measurements in horticultural plants. However, the effectiveness of NIRS is a promising tool for real-time monitoring of horticultural product, further development is needed to overcome technical and operational limitations in field aplications.
Pengaruh Gliserol Terhadap Edible Film Berbasis Pati Biji Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dan Karagenan Sardiansyah, Sardiansyah; Hidayat, Fadlan; AR, Chairuni; Mardiana, Rosa
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.45075

Abstract

Abstrak.Biji kluwih merupakan limbah dari hasil olahan pembuatan sayuran, limbah biji kluwih dapat dimafaatkan sebagai sumber pati. Pada penelitian mengkaji pemanfaatan pati yang bersumber dari biji kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan edible film. Adapun kompoisi pembuatan edible film dilakukan dengan pencampuran larutan pati biji kluwih 2 g dan larutan karagenan 3 g, selanjutnya dilakukan penambahan gliserol dengan variable 1 mL, 1,5 mL dan 2 mL. Larutan pati dan karagenan diaduk menggunakan hot plate dan magnetic stirrer pada kecepatan 80 rpm dengan suhu 70 C selama 20 menit. Selanjutnya gliserol ditambahkan sesuai variabel dan diaduk hingga homogen lalu dibiarkan hingga suhu kamar. Suspensi kemudian dituangkan ke dalam cetakan edible film (20 cm 20 cm) dan dikeringkan di dalam oven pada suhu 95 oC selama 2 jam. Selanjutnya edible film tersebut diuji karakteristiknya yang meliputi kuat Tarik, elongasi, ketebalan, pembengkakan, water vapor permeability dan uji termal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tarik berkisar 79,80 - 110,10 Mpa, nilai elongasi berkisar 6,71 9,13 (%), nilai ketebalan 0,1225 0,1625 mm, nilai pembengkakan edible film berkisar 76,115 694,185%. nilai WVP sebesar 4,69 10-06 7,98 10-06 g m/day m2 dan hasil Termal menunjukkan bahwa masa residu pada edible film berkisar 20%.The Effect of Glyycerol on Edible Film Based on Kluwih Seed Starch (Artocarpus camansi) and CarrageenanAbstract.The seeds of Kluwih (often referred to as breadnut or seeded breadfruit in English) are a by-product of vegetable processing which can be utilized as a starch source. This study examined the potential of starch extracted from kluwih seeds (Artocarpus camansi) as a base material for producing environmentally friendly edible films. Glycerol was added at varying concentrations to act as a plasticizer, aiming to produce edible films with both tensile strength and elasticity. The variation in glycerol concentration had a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting edible films. Increasing the glycerol content from 1% to 1.3% tended to reduce tensile strength but increased elongation, indicating enhanced film flexibility. Additionally, the thickness and swelling rate of the edible films also increased with higher glycerol content, while the Water Vapour Permeability (WVP) values also rose, suggesting higher water vapour permeability. The tensile strength ranged from 79.80 to 110.10 MPa, elongation from 6.71% to 9.13%, film thickness from 0.1225 to 0.1625 mm, and swelling values between 270.95% and 302.60%. The WVP ranged from 4.69 10 to 7.98 10 g.m/m.s.Pa. Thermal analysis also indicated relatively low thermal resistance of the films.
Meningkatkan Mutu dan Daya Simpan Paprika Hijau (Capsicum annuum L.) melalui Kombinasi Ozonisasi dan Suhu Penyimpanan Putra, Bambang Sukarno; Mechram, Siti; Dhafir, Muhammad; Nanda, Surya
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.44698

Abstract

Abstrak.Paprika hijau (Capsicum annuum L.) adalah komoditas hortikultura penting dengan prospek cerah di pasar domestik dan internasional. Tantangan utama budidayanya di Indonesia adalah rendahnya pengetahuan pascapanen dan teknologi penyimpanan, yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan kerugian ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh lama perendaman ozon dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap mutu dan umur simpan paprika hijau. Paprika dibersihkan, disortir, dan direndam dalam sistem ozonisasi (0, 5, 10, dan 15 menit) lalu disimpan pada suhu ruang (27C) dan rendah (10C). Parameter yang diukur meliputi jumlah bakteri, susut bobot, kandungan vitamin C, kekerasan, warna, dan uji sensori. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji Duncan pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil menunjukkan perendaman ozon dan suhu penyimpanan memengaruhi jumlah bakteri, susut bobot, kekerasan, dan uji sensori, namun tidak signifikan terhadap vitamin C, chroma, dan hue. Perlakuan terbaik adalah perendaman ozon 15 menit pada suhu penyimpanan 10C, yang menghasilkan jumlah bakteri 25 10 CFU/ml, susut bobot 7,4%, vitamin C 133,76 mg/100 g, dan hasil sensori terbaik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya kombinasi perendaman ozon dan suhu penyimpanan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan umur simpan paprika hijau.Mantaining the Quality and Shelf Life of Green Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) through a Combination of Ozonization and Storage TemperatureAbstract.Green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important horticultural commodity with bright prospects in domestic and international markets. The main challenges of its cultivation in Indonesia are the low knowledge of post-harvest and storage technology, which causes quality degradation and economic losses. This study aimed to examine the effect of ozone immersion duration and storage temperature on the quality and shelf life of green bell pepper. The bell peppers were cleaned, sorted, and immersed in an ozonation system (0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes) then stored at room temperature (27C) and low (10C). The parameters measured included the number of bacteria, weight loss, vitamin C content, hardness, color, and sensory tests. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that ozone immersion and storage temperature affected the number of bacteria, weight loss, hardness, and sensory tests, but were not significant for vitamin C, chroma, and hue. The best treatment was 15 minutes of ozone immersion at a storage temperature of 10C, which resulted in a bacterial count of 25 10 CFU/ml, a weight loss of 7.4%, vitamin C of 133.76 mg/100 g, and a sensory result with the highest score of 5.00. This study demonstrated the importance of the combination of ozone immersion and storage temperature to improve the quality and shelf life of green peppers.
Indeks Lengas Tanah Untuk Menduga Ketersediaan Air Di Kebun Kopi Rakyat Di Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang Soemarno, Soemarno; Muklisin, Ajral; Sukmajati, Rahmanda Muhammad; Ifadah, Nisfi Fariatul
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.43645

Abstract

Abstrak.Pengukuran kadar air tanah pada areal perkebunan kopi yang luas dengan metode tradisional sangat sulit, memerlukan banyak tenaga kerja, biaya yang mahal, dan waktu yang lama. Indeks kadar air tanah (SMI) dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode penginderaan jauh, dengan menggunakan data algoritma dari sensor satelit seperti suhu permukaan tanah (LST) dan indeks vegetasi (NDVI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status kadar air tanah menggunakan Indeks Kadar Air Tanah (KAT), untuk mengetahui hubungan antara NDVI, SMI dan produksi kopi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Terdapat sepuluh plot pengamatan pada areal perkebunan kopi Robusta rakyat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Nilai SMI pada perkebunan kopi rakyat bervariasi pada kisaran 0,65-0,94 (kategori Tinggi Sangat Tinggi). (2) Nilai SMI (Metode Citra) merupakan prediktor yang baik untuk memperkirakan kemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan air tersedia (AWC, Available Water Capacity) (r= 0,7491**). (3) Nilai NDVI pada perkebunan kopi rakyat bervariasi pada kisaran 0,26-0,48 (kategori Rendah Tinggi). (4) Nilai SMI (Image Method) berkorelasi signifikan dengan nilai SMI (Field Method) (r= 0,8154**). (5) Nilai NDVI dan SMI (Image Method) merupakan prediktor yang baik untuk menduga produksi kopi, model regresinya adalah: Prod = 147,4571 + 876,3815SMI (Image) + 1203,327NDVI (R2= 0,6646; Sig F= 0,00009).Soil Moisture Index To Estimate Water Availability In Coffee Gardens In Karangploso District, Malang RegencyAbstract. Soil moisture measurements for large areas of coffee plantation using traditional methods are very difficult, labor intensive, highly costs, and time consuming. Soil moisture index (SMI) can be identified with the remote sensing methods, using algorithm data from satellite sensors such as land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI). This research aimed to analyze soil moisture status using Soil Moisture Index, to know the relationship between NDVI , SMI and coffee production in smallholder coffee plantation in Karangploso, Malang regency. This research was conducted by field observation, and laboratory analysis. There were ten observation plots at the area os smallholder Robusta coffee plantation. Results of this research showed that: (1) The SMI value in smallholder coffee plantation varied in the range of 0.65-0.94 (High Very High category). (2) The SMI value (Image Method) was a good predictor for estimating the soil's ability to store available water (AWC, Available Water Capacity) (r= 0.7491**). (3) The NDVI value in smallholder coffee plantation varied in the range of 0.26-0.48 (Low High category). (4) The SMI value (Image Method) was significantly correlated with the SMI value (Field Method) (r= 0.8154**). (5) Values of NDVI and SMI(Image Method) are good predictors for estimating coffee production, the regression model is: Prod = 147.4571 + 876.3815SMI(Citra) + 1203.327NDVI (R2= 0.6646; Sig F= 0.00009).
Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Perajang Singkong Tipe Pisau Horizontal Soekarno, Siswoyo; Tampatty, Jovansa; Dharmawan, Agus
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.26615

Abstract

Abstrak.Singkong atau ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima) merupakan tanaman palawija yang produksinya cukup tinggi. Salah satu olahan singkong yang banyak diminati masyarakat yaitu keripik singkong. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan produktivitas dalam proses perajangan adalah menggunakan mesin perajang singkong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi dan menguji mesin perajang singkong tipe pisau horizontal. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga pengujian yaitu uji fungsional, uji kinerja dan uji ergonomi pada mesin perajang singkong. Mesin perajang dengan dimensi keseluruhan 60 x 33 x 55 memiliki 6 komponen utama (a) hopper-in, (b) pisau perajang, (c) transmisi, (d) motor penggerak, (e) lubang pengeluaran Hasil perajangan memiliki ketebalan rata-rata 1,15 mm. Kapasitas perajangan mesin 16,72 kg/jam. Besar kehilangan bahan selama proses adalah 3,9 %. Hasil uji ergonomi pada tiga kriteria kemudahan, keamanan dan kenyaman dalam pengoperasian menghasilkan nilai rata-rata indeks 3,9 atau dapat dikatakan baik (B).Modification and Performance Test of Cassava Chopping Machine with a Horizontal-type BladeAbstract.Cassava (Manihot utilissima) is a secondary crop with high production. Fried cassava chips are one of the processed products of cassava, which have great demand for consumption. The utilization of a chopping machine is crucial to increase productivity during processing. This study aims to modify and conduct performance testing of a chopper machine with a horizontal knife. This study used three categories of testing, namely functional, performance, and ergonomics tests. The chopper machine has an overall dimension of 60x33x55 cm3 and six main components: (a) hopper-in, (b) chopper blade, (c) transmission unit, (d) electric-driven motor, (e) outlet, and (f) main frame. The chopping results had an average thickness of 1.15 mm, and the chopping capacity was 16.72 kg/hour. The amount of material loss during the process was 3.9%. The results of the ergonomics test had an average index value of 3.9, or categorized as good (B).
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Terhadap Kualitas dan Biaya Pengeringan Irisan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Agustina, Raida; Munawar, Agus Arip; Tasya, Yulia
Rona Teknik Pertanian Vol 18, No 2 (2025): Volume No. 18, No. 2, Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/rtp.v18i2.49597

Abstract

Abstrak. Jeruk nipis kering berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif dalam pembuatan infused water yang lebih aman dibandingkan jeruk nipis segar karena masa simpannya lebih panjang dan risiko pertumbuhan mikroorganismenya lebih rendah. Pengeringan turut berperan mempertahankan kualitas serta nilai gizi, sehingga produk tetap bermanfaat saat dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi suhu pengeringan terhadap mutu irisan jeruk nipis sekaligus menganalisis aspek biaya prosesnya. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima taraf suhu, yaitu 40C, 50C, 60C, 70C, dan 80C. Parameter mutu yang diamati meliputi kadar air, laju pengeringan, dan kadar vitamin C. Analisis ekonomi mencakup biaya tetap, biaya variabel, biaya total, biaya pokok pengeringan, dan rasio B/C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air akhir, tetapi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar vitamin C. Suhu 80C menghasilkan laju pengeringan tertinggi dengan waktu tercepat (420 menit), namun menurunkan kadar vitamin C lebih besar. Sebaliknya, pengeringan pada 40C mampu mempertahankan kadar vitamin C lebih tinggi, meskipun membutuhkan waktu lebih lama (25 jam). Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan nilai rasio B/C1, yang mengindikasikan bahwa proses pengeringan jeruk nipis kering layak secara finansial dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada skala agroindustri kecil hingga menengah.The Effect of Temperature Variation on the Quality and Cost of Drying Lime Slices (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)Abstract. Dried lime has the potential to be used as an alternative ingredient in the preparation of infused water, offering greater safety compared to fresh lime due to its longer shelf life and lower risk of microbial growth. The drying process also plays an important role in maintaining the quality and nutritional value of lime, ensuring that it remains beneficial for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying temperatures on the quality of lime slices as well as to analyze the economic aspects of the drying process. The experiment was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five levels of drying temperature: 40C, 50C, 60C, 70C, and 80C. The quality parameters observed included moisture content, drying rate, and vitamin C content. The economic analysis covered fixed costs, variable costs, total costs, unit cost of drying, and the B/C ratio. The results showed that drying temperature had no significant effect on the final moisture content but significantly affected the vitamin C content. Drying at 80C produced the highest drying rate with the shortest processing time (420 minutes) but resulted in a greater reduction of vitamin C. Conversely, drying at 40C retained higher vitamin C content, although it required a longer drying time (25 hours). The economic analysis indicated a B/C ratio greater than 1, demonstrating that the lime drying process is financially feasible and has the potential to be developed on a small- to medium-scale agroindustry.

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