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FENOMENA: Journal of Social Science
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
ISSN : 14125439     EISSN : 26567369     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v22i2
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Aims, Focus And Scope A. Aims: FENOMENA is a leading peer-reviewed and open-access journal, which publishes scholarly works of researchers and scholars from around the world and specializes in the Social Sciences. The journal also has a strong interest in the scientific development of theory that is of global significance. B. Focus: This journal focuses on publishing the highest quality scientific articles emphasizing contemporary Asian issues with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. C. Scope: This journal seeks to publish articles that deal with educational development, politics, law, humanities and cultural studies, and economic issues in Asia. Its scope consists of: 1. Education (Curriculums, Teaching, and Learning, Islamic Education, Educational Technology); 2. Politics (Structure and Agency in Social Dynamics, the Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organizations, Concepts and Practical Sociology, Islamic Politics, Government and Public Administration); 3. Law (Human Rights, Social Justice, Islamic Law, Criminal Law, International Relations, Civil Law, Constitutional Law, Customary Law); 4. Humanities and Cultural Studies (Cultural Studies as a Constitutive field, Religion Studies, Islamic Studies, Philosophy, Ethics, Consciousness, Cross-cultural studies, Theology, Psychology, Spirituality, Human Geography, Anthropology, Local Wisdom); 5. Economics (Business and Entrepreneurship, Management, Accounting, Public Finance, Economic Development, and Islamic Economics).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 450 Documents
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Analisis Curahan Jam Kerja Perempuan di Kabupaten Jember: An Analysis of Women's Working Hours Allocation in Jember Regency Saleh, H. Mohammad
Fenomena Vol 3 No 2 (2004): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v3i2.357

Abstract

The growing participation of women in Indonesia's labor force, particularly in Jember Regency, significantly contributes to family economies despite limited job opportunities. Drawing on Becker's time allocation theory, this study analyzes the working hours and employment status (full-time or part-time) of female day and night workers. Primary data were collected from 250 female respondents aged 25–49 years working in agriculture, industry, trade, and services, using cluster sampling and cross-tabulation analysis. The results show that average weekly working hours are similar between day workers (47.69 hours) and night workers (47.31 hours). Furthermore, 93.57% of day workers and 93.67% of night workers are classified as full-time workers (≥35 hours/week). The study concludes that women's labor participation is high and contributes to economic development; however, improvements in business management and government policy support—especially for women with limited capital—are necessary to enhance family welfare and the regional economy. Fenomena meningkatnya partisipasi wanita dalam angkatan kerja di Indonesia, khususnya di Kabupaten Jember, menunjukkan adanya kontribusi signifikan terhadap perekonomian keluarga meskipun menghadapi keterbatasan lapangan kerja. Berdasarkan teori alokasi waktu Becker, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis curahan jam kerja pekerja wanita siang dan malam serta status jam kerja mereka (penuh atau tidak penuh). Penelitian menggunakan data primer dari 250 responden wanita usia 25–49 tahun yang bekerja di sektor pertanian, industri, perdagangan, dan jasa, dengan metode cluster sampling dan analisis tabulasi silang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata jam kerja per minggu relatif sama antara pekerja siang (47,69 jam) dan malam (47,31 jam). Sebanyak 93,57% pekerja siang dan 93,67% pekerja malam tergolong pekerja penuh (≥35 jam/minggu). Kesimpulannya, partisipasi wanita dalam dunia kerja cukup tinggi dan berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi, namun perlu peningkatan manajemen usaha dan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, terutama bagi wanita bermodal kecil, untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga dan perekonomian daerah.
Dominasi Penentu Kinerja Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) di Wilayah Kerja Kantor Bank Indonesia Jember: Dominant Determinants of Rural Bank (BPR) Performance in the Working Area of Bank Indonesia Jember Office Sukarno, Hari; Pangastutik, Langgeng Sri
Fenomena Vol 3 No 2 (2004): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v3i2.358

Abstract

The resilience of Rural Banks (BPR) during the monetary crisis contrasts with persistent managerial weaknesses and information asymmetry among stakeholders due to confidential bank ratings. This study aims to identify the most dominant financial factor determining the health level of BPRs. Analyzing 55 BPRs in Bank Indonesia Jember’s working area for 2001-2002 using a census method, multiple regression with beta coefficients was applied to assess variables including CAR, KAP, PPAP/PPAPWD, ROA, BOPO, QR, and LDR. The findings reveal that the KAP (Quality of Productive Assets) variable exerts the most dominant influence, with a beta coefficient of -0.577, followed by ROA and BOPO. The regression model explains 31.7% of the variability in BPR health levels. This study concludes that KAP is the primary determinant, supporting BI's high weighting for this ratio, while recommending that managers also consider other significant factors like ROA and BOPO. Ketahanan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) saat krisis moneter bertolak belakang dengan kelemahan manajerial dan asimetri informasi bagi pemangku kepentingan akibat rahasianya peringkat kesehatan bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor finansial paling dominan yang menentukan tingkat kesehatan BPR. Dengan populasi 55 BPR di wilayah kerja Kantor Bank Indonesia Jember periode 2001-2002 menggunakan metode sensus, analisis regresi berganda dengan koefisien beta diterapkan pada variabel CAR, KAP, PPAP/PPAPWD, ROA, BOPO, QR, dan LDR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP) memiliki pengaruh paling dominan dengan koefisien beta -0,577, diikuti ROA dan BOPO. Model regresi mampu menjelaskan 31,7% variabilitas tingkat kesehatan BPR. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa KAP merupakan penentu utama, mendukung pembobotan tinggi BI pada rasio tersebut, serta merekomendasikan manajemen untuk mempertimbangkan faktor signifikan lainnya seperti ROA dan BOPO.
Langkah-langkah Pengembangan Program Studi Kependidikan Islam Jurusan Tarbiyah STAIN Jember: Development Steps of the Islamic Education Study Program in the Tarbiyah Department of the State College for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Jember Mundir, Mundir
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.359

Abstract

The low market demand for the Islamic Education Study Program (Prodi Kependidikan Islam) at STAIN Jember necessitates strategic development to enhance its competitiveness and relevance. This study aims to identify essential steps for developing the program across the input, process, and output dimensions. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a developmental research approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and documentation from purposively selected informants, including university leaders, department heads, lecturers, and students. The findings reveal seven strategic steps for input development, five for process improvement, and four for output enhancement. Key measures include intensifying socialization and collaboration with regional educational offices, designing a distinctive curriculum that emphasizes administration and management competencies, prioritizing lecturers with educational management backgrounds, expanding practical field experiences to include supervision and counseling, and formulating prospective political policies regarding graduate certification. The study concludes that program clarity regarding its orientation—whether producing teaching or non-teaching graduates—is fundamental, and recommends curriculum evaluation meetings and strategic diploma formatting to ensure graduate marketability. Rendahnya minat pasar terhadap Program Studi Kependidikan Islam (Prodi KI) di STAIN Jember memerlukan pengembangan strategis guna meningkatkan daya saing dan relevansinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah penting pengembangan prodi dari aspek input, proses, dan output. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif pendekatan pengembangan, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, angket, dan dokumentasi dari informan yang dipilih secara purposive meliputi pimpinan perguruan tinggi, ketua jurusan, dosen, dan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menemukan tujuh langkah strategis pengembangan aspek input, lima langkah untuk aspek proses, dan empat langkah untuk aspek output. Langkah kunci meliputi intensifikasi sosialisasi dan kolaborasi dengan kantor kementerian agama kabupaten, penyusunan kurikulum khas yang menekankan kompetensi administrasi dan manajemen, prioritas dosen berlatar belakang manajemen pendidikan, perluasan PPL mencakup supervisi dan konseling, serta kebijakan politis prospektif terkait format ijazah. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kejelasan arah prodi—menghasilkan lulusan keguruan atau non-keguruan—bersifat fundamental, dengan rekomendasi rakor ev kurikulum dan pemformatan ijazah strategis untuk memastikan keterterimaan lulusan di pasar kerja.
Penentuan Awal Bulan Qamariyah: Studi Kasus di Pesantren Mahfilu al-Dzura Suger Jelbuk Jember: Determining the Beginning of the Qamariyah Month: A Case Study at Mahfilu al-Dzura Islamic Boarding School, Suger, Jelbuk, Jember Ishaq, M.
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.360

Abstract

The determination of the lunar month’s start remains debated among Muslims due to differing interpretations of the evidence regarding hisab and ru’yah. This article examines the independent ijtihad practice of Pesantren Mahfiu al-Dzura in Jember, which differs from the methodologies of NU and Muhammadiyah. This study aims to describe and analyze the pesantren’s method for determining the start of Ramadan and Shawwal. Using a phenomenological approach and qualitative case study method, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the pesantren employs the Hisab Urfi method, beginning with rubuk calculation, followed immediately by ikhbar (announcement) without further verification using hisab hakiki or consistent ru’yah bi al-fi’li. In conclusion, this method does not meet the methodological standards agreed upon by falak experts, as its results are invalid for mahdah worship, making the ikhbar unjustifiable. This study recommends the use of collective ijtihad (jam’i) and the application of hisab hakiki or ru’yah to achieve accuracy and public tranquility. Penentuan awal bulan qamariyah terus menjadi perdebatan di kalangan umat Islam karena perbedaan pemahaman terhadap dalil hisab dan ru’yah. Artikel ini mengkaji praktik ijtihad mandiri yang dilakukan oleh Pesantren Mahfiu al-Dzura di Jember yang berbeda dari metodologi NU maupun Muhammadiyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis metode yang digunakan pesantren tersebut dalam menentukan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal. Dengan pendekatan fenomenologis dan metode kualitatif studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pesantren menggunakan metode Hisab Urfi yang diawali perhitungan rubuk, kemudian langsung melakukan ikhbar (pemberitahuan) tanpa ditindaklanjuti dengan hisab hakiki maupun ru’yah bi al-fi’li secara konsisten. Kesimpulannya, metode ini tidak memenuhi standar metodologis yang disepakati para ahli falak karena hasilnya belum valid untuk dasar ibadah mahdah, sehingga ikhbar yang dilakukan tidak dibenarkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya ijtihad jam’i (kolektif) dan penggunaan hisab hakiki atau ru’yah untuk mencapai akurasi dan ketenangan umat.
KEBERAGAMAAN ETNIS MUSLIM TIONGHOA DI JAWA TIMUR; Studi Terhadap Jamaah Masjid Chengho di Jember dan Surabaya: Ethnic Diversity of Chinese Muslims in East Java; A Study Of Chengho Mosque Worshipers in Jember and Surabaya Muhibbin, Muhibbin; Siswanto, Ali Hasan
Fenomena Vol 18 No 1 (2019): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v18i1.14

Abstract

Keberadaan masjid Chengho di Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari sejarah ekpedisi laksamana chengho yang singgah di nusantara, baik yang ada di daerah perkotaan Surabaya dan Pedesaan Jember. Dilihat dari bangunan, arsitek dan ornament-ornamentnya, masjid chengho sangat unik dan memiliki ciri khas sendiri. Masjid chengho dengan berbagai ornamennya merupakan symbol dari ekspresi keberagamaan etnis muslim tionghoa untuk meneguhkan identitas keislamannya dan ketionghoannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini difokuskan pada ekspresi keberagamaan etnis tionghoa di Surabaya dan jember dengan tiga rumusan masalah yaitu tipologi etnik tionghoa jamaah masjid chengho di Jember dan Surabaya. Etnik muslim Tionghoa memfungsikan masjid Chengho di Surabaya dan Jember dan ekpresi keberagamaan etnik muslim tionghoa jamaah masjid Chengho di Surabaya dan Jember. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah ini, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Geertzian dan Weberian. Melalui dua pembacaan ini dihasilkan Pertama; tipologi masyarakat etnit tionghoa yang berada di jember dapat dilihat dari tiga komponen yaitu agama yang dipeluknya, pilihan profesiya dan kesenian budayanya. Kedua; masyarakat memfungsikan masjid chengho baik di Surabaya maupun di jember dapat dilihat pada tiga hal yaitu fungsi ibadah, fungsi social budaya dan fungsi politik. Ketiga; Ekspresi keberagamaan etnis muslim tionghoa dapat dilihat dari tiga area yaitu area budaya, area ibadah dan area social-politik. The existence of the cheng ho mosque in Indonesia cannot be separated from the history of Admiral cheng ho's expedition that stopped in the archipelago, both in the urban area of Surabaya and Rural Jember. Judging from the buildings, architects, and ornaments, the cheng ho mosque is unique and has its characteristics. Cheng ho mosque, with its various decorations, is a symbol of the expression of Chinese Muslim ethnic diversity to reinforce its Islamic identity and ketionghoannya. Therefore, this study focused on the face of Chinese ethnic diversity in Surabaya and jember with three problem formulations, namely the typology of Chinese ethnic cheng ho mosque worshipers in Jember and Surabaya. Ethnic Chinese Muslims function at Cheng ho mosque in Surabaya and Jember and express the diversity of ethnic Chinese Muslims congregation Chengho mosque in Surabaya and Jember. To answer the formulation of this problem, this study uses qualitative methods with Geertzian and Weberian approaches. Through these two readings generated first, the typology of the Chinese ethnic community in jember can be seen from three components, namely the religion it embraces, the choice of profession, and Cultural Arts. Second, the community functioning of the cheng ho mosque both in Surabaya and in jember can be seen in three things: the function of worship, socio-cultural functions, and political processes. Third, the expression of Chinese Muslim ethnic diversity can be seen in three areas: cultural, worship, and socio-political.
Transformasi Nilai-Nilai Moral Islami dalam Novel Royan Revolusi dan Ladang Perminus Karya Ramadhan K.H.: The Transformation of Islamic Moral Values in the Novels Royan Revolusi and Ladang Perminus by Ramadhan K.H. Ds, Abd. Rahman
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.361

Abstract

Rapid cultural contact through modern media has raised concerns about the erosion of Islamic moral values in some communities. Novels can serve as an effective medium to counter this decline, particularly those rich in moral messages. This study aims to examine the portrayal of Islamic moral values in Ramadhan K.H.'s novels Royan Revolusi and Ladang Perminus. Using a qualitative, morally oriented approach, the research analyzes character behavior, dialogue, and narrative events to extract moral values. The findings reveal several core Islamic moral values: trustworthiness (amanah), gratitude (syukur), patience (sabar), consistency (istiqomah), and piety (tawakal). Additionally, the novels demonstrate shifts in character naming, themes, and worldviews compared with earlier works. The study concludes that these novels prioritize art for society (l'art pour l'homme) over art for art's sake (l'art pour l'art), and recommends that literary works with strong moral content be used more extensively as tools for Islamic moral education and cultural resilience. Kontak budaya yang cepat melalui media modern menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan memudarnya kepedulian terhadap nilai-nilai moral Islami di sebagian masyarakat. Novel dapat menjadi media efektif untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut, terutama novel yang kaya akan pesan moral. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji transformasi nilai-nilai moral Islami dalam novel Royan Revolusi dan Ladang Perminus karya Ramadhan K.H. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan perspektif moral, penelitian ini menganalisis perilaku tokoh, dialog, dan peristiwa naratif untuk mengekstrak nilai-nilai moral. Temuan menunjukkan beberapa nilai moral Islami inti: amanah, syukur, sabar, istiqomah, dan tawakal. Selain itu, novel-novel ini menunjukkan transformasi dalam penamaan tokoh, tema, dan pandangan dunia dibandingkan karya sebelumnya. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa novel-novel ini mengutamakan seni untuk masyarakat (l'art pour l'homme) dibanding seni untuk seni (l'art pour l'art), serta merekomendasikan agar karya sastra bermuatan moral dimanfaatkan lebih luas sebagai alat pendidikan moral Islami dan ketahanan budaya.
Pola Pembinaan Keimanan dan Ketakwaan Siswa di SMK Negeri Kencong Kabupaten Jember: Patterns of Faith and Piety Development Among Students at Kencong State Vocational High School, Jember Regency Mislikhah, St.
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.362

Abstract

Fostering faith and piety (imtak) as the core of Indonesia’s national education goals faces persistent challenges, including dichotomous views of religious and general knowledge, limited teacher competence, and suboptimal collaboration among schools, parents, and the community. This qualitative descriptive study, framed by the theory of integrative imtak development and the national education system as a holistic entity, describes patterns of imtak development at SMAN 1 Kencong. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation from purposively sampled teachers, then analyzed using an interactive model. The findings reveal that imtak development is implemented through five integrated strategies: optimizing Islamic Religious Education instruction with varied methods and functional material delivery; integrating imtak values into general/science subjects, practiced by 85% of teachers; structuring religious extracurricular activities such as Ramadan programs, Quran recitation, and qurban; creating a conducive Islamic school climate through salam, doa, infaq, and congregational prayers; and establishing collaborative partnerships with parents and the community for both preventive and curative interventions. The study concludes that a holistic, multi-strategy pattern effectively enhances students’ religious commitment, discipline, and moral conduct, and recommends systematic teacher training and formalized school-community cooperation mechanisms. Urgensi pembinaan keimanan dan ketakwaan (imtak) sebagai inti tujuan Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia menghadapi tantangan seperti pandangan dikotomis antara ilmu agama dan umum, keterbatasan kompetensi guru, serta belum optimalnya kerja sama sekolah dengan orang tua dan masyarakat. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini, yang berlandaskan pada teori pembinaan imtak integratif dan sistem pendidikan nasional sebagai kesatuan utuh, bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola pembinaan imtak siswa di SMAN 1 Kencong. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi dari guru yang dipilih secara purposive, lalu dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan imtak dilakukan melalui lima strategi terpadu: optimalisasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan metode bervariasi dan materi fungsional; integrasi nilai imtak ke mata pelajaran umum/iptek yang dilakukan 85% guru; kegiatan ekstrakurikuler keagamaan seperti Ramadhan, tadarus, dan kurban; penciptaan iklim sekolah Islami melalui salam, doa, infak, dan salat berjamaah; serta kerja sama dengan orang tua dan masyarakat untuk tindakan preventif dan kuratif. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pola holistik multi-strategi efektif meningkatkan komitmen beragama, disiplin, dan akhlak siswa, dengan rekomendasi pelatihan guru sistematis dan formalisasi kerja sama sekolah-komunitas.
Tafsir Ayat-ayat tentang Muamalah: Studi Komparatif terhadap Mazhab Syiah dan Ahlusunah: Exegesis of Qur’anic Verses on Muamalah: A Comparative Study of the Shia and Sunni Schools of Thought SA, Abdullah
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.363

Abstract

The doctrinal divergence between Shi’i Imamiyah Itsna ‘Asyariyah and Ahl al-Sunnah regarding political and spiritual leadership (imamah) after the Prophet Muhammad remains a persistent source of intra-Islamic tension. This study compares how both schools interpret Qur’anic verses identified as foundational to the imamah doctrine, particularly QS. al-Maidah: 55-56, 3, and 67. Using a qualitative library research method with thematic (maudlu’i) and comparative (muqaranah) approaches, the study analyzes tafsir works from both traditions. Findings show that Shi’i exegesis reads these verses as explicit textual proofs (nash) for ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib’s divine appointment as imam and for his successors from Ahlul-Bait, emphasizing the term waliyyukum as “leader.” By contrast, Sunni interpretation reads the same term as “protector” or “helper,” rejecting any specific designation of ‘Ali or others as divinely appointed leaders. Both schools agree on the concept of divine protection for the Prophet in delivering revelation but disagree on the content of that revelation regarding leadership. The study recommends further inter-school hermeneutical dialogue and contextual re-reading of classical tafsir to foster mutual understanding while acknowledging interpretative plurality. Perbedaan doktrinal antara Syi’ah Imamiyah Itsna ‘Asyariyah dan Ahl al-Sunnah mengenai kepemimpinan spiritual dan politik (imamah) pasca Rasulullah SAW masih menjadi sumber ketegangan intra-Islam yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini secara komparatif mengkaji bagaimana kedua madzhab menafsirkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang diidentifikasi sebagai landasan doktrin imamah, khususnya QS. al-Maidah: 55-56, 3, dan 67. Dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan kualitatif serta pendekatan tematik (maudlu’i) dan komparatif (muqaranah), penelitian ini menganalisis karya tafsir dari kedua tradisi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran Syi’ah memahami ayat-ayat tersebut sebagai bukti tekstual (nash) yang jelas tentang pengangkatan ilahi Ali bin Abi Thalib sebagai imam beserta para penerusnya dari Ahlul-Bait, dengan mengartikan lafadz waliyyukum sebagai “pemimpin.” Sebaliknya, penafsiran Sunni mengartikan lafadz yang sama sebagai “pelindung” atau “penolong,” dan menolak adanya penunjukan khusus Ali atau siapapun sebagai pemimpin yang ditetapkan secara ilahi. Kedua madzhab memiliki kesamaan dalam memahami perlindungan ilahi atas Nabi dalam menyampaikan wahyu, namun berbeda secara fundamental tentang isi kepemimpinan tersebut. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan dialog hermeneutis lintas madzhab serta pembacaan ulang tafsir klasik secara kontekstual.
Riddah dan HAM dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam: Apostasy and Human Rights in the Perspective of Islamic Law Rosdiana, Rosdiana
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.364

Abstract

The phenomenon of religious conversion from Islam (riddah) has long provoked persistent legal and theological controversy over its compatibility with international human rights standards. Islamic legal tradition presents a paradox between Qur'anic affirmations of free religious choice and classical fiqh sanctions, including capital punishment for apostates. This study critically examines the conceptual relationship between riddah and human rights within Islamic jurisprudence. Using a qualitative library research method with content analysis, it analyzes primary sources from the Qur'an and hadith, as well as secondary sources, including classical and contemporary scholarly works. The findings reveal that the death penalty for riddah arose from specific historical contexts of political treason rather than purely religious apostasy, and that classical jurists required strict evidentiary standards and opportunities for repentance before execution. Furthermore, contemporary Muslim scholars argue that such punishment contradicts Qur'anic principles of no compulsion in religion. The study concludes that applying capital punishment for individual religious conversion is incompatible with contemporary human rights frameworks and suggests that Muslim societies should reexamine traditional rulings by prioritizing absolute Qur'anic texts over hadith with speculative authenticity, while distinguishing between apostasy as a private religious act and treason as a public offense. Fenomena perpindahan agama dari Islam (riddah) telah memicu kontroversi hukum dan teologis yang berkelanjutan terkait kesesuaiannya dengan standar hak asasi manusia internasional. Tradisi hukum Islam menunjukkan paradoks antara penegasan Al-Qur'an tentang kebebasan memilih agama dan sanksi fiqh klasik yang mencakup hukuman mati bagi pelaku riddah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara kritis hubungan konseptual antara riddah dan hak asasi manusia dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan kualitatif dengan analisis isi, penelitian ini menganalisis sumber primer dari Al-Qur'an dan hadis serta sumber sekunder berupa karya ulama klasik dan kontemporer. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hukuman mati bagi riddah berasal dari konteks historis pengkhianatan politik, bukan semata-mata kemurtadan agama, dan ulama klasik mensyaratkan bukti yang ketat serta kesempatan bertobat sebelum eksekusi. Lebih lanjut, ulama kontemporer berargumen bahwa hukuman tersebut bertentangan dengan prinsip Al-Qur'an tentang tidak ada paksaan dalam agama. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan hukuman mati untuk konversi agama individu tidak sesuai dengan kerangka HAM kontemporer dan merekomendasikan agar masyarakat Muslim meninjau ulang aturan tradisional dengan memprioritaskan teks Al-Qur'an yang mutlak atas hadis yang bersifat zhanni, serta membedakan antara riddah sebagai tindakan agama pribadi dan pengkhianatan sebagai kejahatan publik.
Konsep Ibu dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an: Kajian Tematik dan Psikologis: The Concept of Motherhood in the Perspective of the Qur'an: A Thematic and Psychological Study Fathiyaturrahman, Fathiyaturrahman
Fenomena Vol 4 No 1 (2005): FENOMENA: Journal Penelitian STAIN Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v4i1.365

Abstract

Modernization and the emancipation movement have reshaped maternal roles, leading many mothers to prioritize careers over early childhood education, often guided by instinct rather than a deliberate choice. This study explores the Qur'anic concept of the mother, particularly her educational role, and examines its relevance to psychological findings on child development. Using a qualitative library research method, this study applies a thematic (maudu'i) interpretation of Qur'anic verses, complemented by a deductive-inductive and analytical-descriptive approach, along with psychological analysis. The findings reveal that the Qur'anic terms al-umm and al-walidah signify the mother as the core origin, a figure responsible for reproduction, breastfeeding, and serving as the primary educator during a child's early growth. The study also finds strong alignment with psychological research, which emphasizes that maternal presence is critical during early childhood to prevent maternal deprivation and ensure healthy intellectual, emotional, and social development. The study concludes that the mother holds a noble and strategic position as the first and main educator, and it recommends that mothers enhance their knowledge of both Islamic teachings and child psychology to prepare future pious and resilient leaders. Modernisasi dan gerakan emansipasi telah menggeser peran ibu, menyebabkan banyak ibu lebih mengutamakan karier daripada pendidikan anak usia dini, seringkali berdasarkan naluri而非 konsep yang sadar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali konsep ibu dalam perspektif Al-Qur'an, khususnya peran pendidikannya, serta meneliti relevansinya dengan temuan psikologi tentang tumbuh kembang anak. Dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tafsir tematik (maudu'i) yang dilengkapi dengan pendekatan deduktif-induktif, deskriptif-analitik, dan analisis psikologis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa istilah al-umm dan al-walidah dalam Al-Qur'an mengandung makna ibu sebagai sumber asal, sosok yang menjalankan fungsi reproduksi, menyusui, dan menjadi pendidik utama pada masa awal pertumbuhan anak. Studi ini juga menemukan keselarasan yang kuat dengan penelitian psikologi yang menekankan bahwa kehadiran ibu sangat kritis pada masa anak usia dini untuk mencegah deprivasi maternal dan memastikan perkembangan intelektual, emosional, dan sosial yang sehat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ibu memiliki kedudukan mulia dan strategis sebagai pendidik pertama dan utama, serta merekomendasikan agar para ibu meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang ajaran Islam dan psikologi anak demi mempersiapkan pemimpin masa depan yang saleh dan tangguh.

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