cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Muhammad Arief Muttaqien
Contact Email
manggalajournal@gmail.com
Phone
+6281917222929
Journal Mail Official
sinergi.manggalajournal@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jalan Merdeka Raya No.5, Karang Pule, Kecamatan Sekarbela, Kota Mataram, NTB 83116, Indonesia
Location
Kota mataram,
Nusa tenggara barat
INDONESIA
Jurnal Riset Ilmiah
Published by Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30318947     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62335/5t445c70
Core Subject : Economy, Health, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah accomodates original research, or theoretical papers. We invite critical and constructive inquiries into wide range of fields of study with emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches: Humanities and Social sciences, that include: Engineering, Economics, Health, Social, Science and Law.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 601 Documents
 31   32   33   34   35 
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASIPELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSIDALAM TATA KELOLA NIAGA KOMODITAS DI INDONESIA Saragih, Handa Yusico; Chandra, Tofik Yanuar; Paparang, Santrawan T.
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1639

Abstract

This study examines the issue of corporate criminal liability in corruption cases occurring within the governance of Indonesia’s commodity trade sector. Corruption in this sector is marked by its complexity, often involving strategic national commodities such as mining products, plantation outputs, and state-managed funds. These offenses are frequently not committed directly by individuals but instead facilitated and executed through corporate entities that function as primary perpetrators or instruments of organized crime. Corporations, beyond being legal entities, possess internal systems capable of structuring and concealing illegal activities through collective decision-making mechanisms. The research aims to identify specific forms of corruption committed by corporations in commodity governance and to analyze how criminal liability can be applied to these legal entities. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. It focuses on four major court decisions: the Jiwasraya case (Joko Hartono Tirto), the Asabri case (Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Adam Rachmat Damiri), the illegal tin export case (Harvey Moeis), and the illegal land acquisition case involving Surya Darmadi and Duta Palma Group. Findings reveal eight primary forms of corruption within this context: price mark-ups, manipulation of export/import quotas, falsification of production data and documents, collusion in vendor appointments using fictitious partners, concealment of illicit proceeds, illegal exports without permits, unauthorized land control, and evasion of financial obligations such as taxes, royalties, and non-tax state revenues (PNBP). Corporate liability may be established through the identification theory, vicarious liability, and strict liability principles, in line with Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016 and Article 20 of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP Nasional). The study concludes that criminal law enforcement must move beyond punishing individuals to targeting the corporate structures that enable systemic corruption. A structural and policy-oriented approach to corporate criminal liability is essential to ensure deterrence and promote integrity in national commodity governance
STUDI TENTANG PELAYANAN MINAT BACA PERPUSTAKAAN KELILING PADA DINAS PERPUSTAKAAN DAN KEARSIPAN KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR  (Studi Kasus pada SDN 1 Tamiang Layang, SDN 1 Hayaping dan SDN Janah Mansiwui) Salim, M. Hasbi; Warsito, Yellintiani
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1640

Abstract

This study aims to determine the quality of mobile library services provided by the East Barito Regency Library and Archives Office and to analyze factors influencing elementary school students' reading interest. Mobile library services are considered a strategic tool for enhancing literacy in areas lacking permanent library facilities. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. A purposive sampling method was used to select informants, with a total of 18 informants. The results indicate that mobile library services in East Barito Regency still face various challenges, such as limited book availability, irregular visiting hours, and a shortage of staff. However, student enthusiasm for this service is quite high. Factors influencing reading interest include accessibility to books, the personal approach of staff, and support from the school. This study recommends increasing the number and variety of book collections, scheduling more regular visits, and training staff to maximize service delivery. Thus, mobile libraries can function more effectively in fostering a culture of literacy among elementary school students.
PENERAPAN  PEMBERIAN  NEBULIZER PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA DI RUMAH SAKIT TKII PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN Ummi, Nurhasanah; Susyanti, Deni; Gea, Handerman Vitu
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1641

Abstract

Pneumonia is an acute infection that affects the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs, caused by various microorganisms such as pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus, and viruses. In patients with pneumonia, a common nursing problem is ineffective airway clearance due to the presence of foreign substances resultingfrom excessive secretion buildup caused by infection, immobility, and ineffective coughing. Administration of nebulizer inhalation therapy is a collaborative treatment aimed at relieving bronchospasm, thinning secretions, clearing the airway, and moisturizing the respiratory tract, thereby optimizing breathing. This study aims to provide medical-surgical nursing care through the administration of nebulizer therapy in pneumonia patients. The research method used is a descriptive design with a case study approach involving two patients diagnosed with pneumonia at TK 111 Putri Hijau Hospital, Medan. The case study in this research implements the medical-surgical nursing care process, which includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention and implementation of nebulizer inhalation therapy, and evaluation. The inclusion criteria were pneumonia patients willing to become respondents and experiencing ineffective airway clearance. The results showed that the application ofnebulizer therapy was effective in addressing ineffective airway clearance in both patients with pneunlonia. Therefore, the implementation of nebulizer therapy is recommendedfor nursing practice
LATIHAN JALAN 30 MENIT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS Jundapri, Kipa; Grace, Rury; Suharto, Suharto
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1644

Abstract

Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can be controlled through physical activity, such as walking, in addition to diet management. Walking is a non-pharmacological measure recommended daily for diabetes mellitus patients to lower blood sugar levels and prevent complications. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of 30-minute walks to control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. This method was descriptive study with 30 respondents with diabetes mellitus. Walking exercises were carried out three times a week for 30 minutes. The results showed that 30 minutes of walking can reduce blood sugar levels in respondents, with an average random blood sugar level of 240 mg/dL then decreasing to an average of 134 mg/dL. Based on the results, it was found that respondents experienced a decrease in blood sugar levels after receiving health education about the benefits of 30-minute walks done three times a week
MANAJEMEN NUTRISI PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT)DI  RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN Dewi, Febri Masitah; Susyanti, Deni; Gea, Handerman Vitu
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1647

Abstract

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that attacks the lungs and often causes nutritional status disorders such as significant weight loss to reduced body mass index (BMI). This study aims to provide an overview of the implementation of nutritional management in pulmonary tuberculosis patients to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) at Putri Hijau Class II Hospital. The method used in this study is descriptive research using case studies on 2 patients using a medical surgical nursing care approach that includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing, with inclusion criteria namely patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, with a BMI of 18.5 and who experience nutritional deficit problems. This study uses a nursing implementation approach that includes identifying nutritional status: Oral hygiene management and providing diet education. The results of this study showed that after 3 days of implementation, there was an increase in BMI in both patients, where previously patient 1 had a BMI of 17.7 and patient 2 had a BMI of 16.9 which increased to 18.1 and 17.3, respectively. Body weight increased by 1 kg, oral hygiene improved, and knowledge increased. The implementation of nutritional management has been proven to have a positive impact in improving the nutritional status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients
IMPLEMENTASI TERAPI RELAKSASI BENSON UNTUK PENINGKATAN SATURASI OKSIGEN PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN Wulandari, Anggy; Susyanti, Deni; Vitu, Handerman
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1648

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease that attacks the respiratory system and often causes a decrease in oxygen saturation in the body. Reduced oxygen saturation can worsen the patient's condition and hinder the healing process. Therefore, an intervention is needed to help increase oxygen levels in the blood. One non-pharmacological method that can be used is Benson relaxation therapy, which aims to reduce stress and improve respiratory function through deep breathing techniques and positive suggestions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Benson relaxation therapy in increasing oxygen saturation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The study used a descriptive method with a case study approach involving two patients. The observations showed that after undergoing Benson relaxation therapy for three consecutive days, both patients experienced an increase in oxygen saturation. In the first patient, oxygen saturation increased from 91% on the first day to 95% on the third day. In the second patient, it increased from 92% to 96% during the same period. These results indicate that Benson relaxation therapy can be an effective independent nursing intervention to help improve oxygen saturation in patients with respiratory disorders such as pulmonary tuberculosis. This therapy can also be easily applied in various healthcare settings
PENJATUHAN PIDANA DENDA TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK HUKUM DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA Putri, Rindu Yusticia Puspaning; Nainggolan, Marsudin; Basuki, Basuki
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1649

Abstract

Children have a strategic position in ensuring the survival of a nation, so that legal protection for children is a state obligation as stated in Article 28B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution and the Convention on the Rights of the Child which has been ratified through Presidential Decree Number 36 of 1990. In the context of criminal justice, children involved in narcotics crimes must receive legal treatment in accordance with the principle of the best interests of the child. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has regulated that for children who are sentenced to imprisonment and fines, the fine must be replaced with job training. However, in practice, there is still a discrepancy between normative provisions (das Sollen) and the reality of law enforcement (das Sein), such as in Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2014/PN.Pli and Decision Number 98/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN.Plg, which imposes a fine on children without applying a substitute punishment in the form of job training as mandated by the SPPA Law. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how the criminalization system for children in conflict with the law in cases of drug abuse and how to enforce the law against children in conflict with the law in cases of drug abuse. In this study, the author uses the double track system theory and law enforcement theory as analytical tools in this study. The research method used is a normative legal approach. This study uses a statute approach, a case approach, a conceptual approach, and an analytical approach, which in principle are sourced from primary legal materials consisting of laws and judges' decisions, secondary legal materials consisting of books, research results, articles and tertiary legal materials from libraries, articles and websites. The legal material analysis technique uses grammatical interpretation techniques.. The results of the study on the punishment of children in several cases of drug abuse have not fully implemented the principle of restorative justice as mandated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA), this shows a disparity in court decisions. In several cases, children who were proven to be abusers were sentenced to prison and large fines, while in other cases children who acted as couriers or intermediaries were not subject to fines. The suggestion in this study is that it is necessary to harmonize and synchronize Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA as a legal basis so that there is no longer the application of fines that are not in accordance with special provisions in juvenile justice, and in addition, it is necessary to increase the capacity and understanding of law enforcement officers, both investigators, public prosecutors, and judges, regarding the application of the principle of the double track system and restorative justice in handling child cases, especially in cases of drug abuse
KEPASTIAN  HUKUM  EKSEKUSI  JAMINAN  FIDUSIA  TANPA  MELALUI  PUTUSAN  PENGADILAN TERHADAP  OBJEK  JAMINAN  YANG  TIDAK  DISERAHKAN  SECARA  SUKARELA  PASCA  PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 2/PUU-XIX/2021 Rahmansyah, Fuad; Maryano, Maryano; TW, Gatut Hendro
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1650

Abstract

The objectives of this thesis research are: 1) To analyze the execution of fiducia security without a court ruling when the debtor does not voluntarily surrender the collateral object after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021. 2) To analyze the legal certainty for creditors against potential losses arising from the forced execution of fiducia security without a court ruling after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/202. This study emphasizes the theories of legal certainty and contract law.The research method used is normative juridical research, which involves studying literature or secondary data as the primary source. This is done by conducting a search on the researched issues. The results of this thesis research are: 1) The execution of fiducia security without a court ruling when the debtor does not voluntarily surrender the collateral object after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 substantially weakens the execution rights for creditors. The researcher argues that the ruling is based on a mistaken and inconsistent understanding of fiducia legal concepts. The researcher asserts that the execution of fiducia security, whether through parate executie or the Implementation of an Executorial Title, is essentially a coercive action to fulfill a defaulting debtor's obligations. The Constitutional Court's ruling, which redefines parate executie as "voluntary execution" (only possible if the debtor voluntarily surrenders the collateral), is considered non-operational and contradicts the very essence of execution. The researcher highlights the ambiguity in the court's reasoning, which equates the Implementation of an Executorial Title (which should be carried out by a court) with parate executie (carried out by the creditor). The researcher argues that parate executie should be the primary option for its efficiency, while the Implementation of an Executorial Title serves as an "emergency door" if parate executie fails. By eliminating parate executie as a coercive action, creditors lose a fast, effective, and efficient execution mechanism. This creates a loophole for debtors acting in bad faith to delay payments, causing financial losses for creditors. 2) Regarding legal certainty for creditors against potential losses from the forced execution of fiducia security without a court ruling after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/202, the researcher argues that while a court ruling has binding legal force (res judicata pro veritate habetur), it must be based on strong legal logic, not just formal validity. The researcher rejects the legalistic paradigm and emphasizes the importance of judges examining essential legal norms and principles, such as the principle of good faith, to ensure substantial justice and prevent arbitrary actions. This Constitutional Court ruling significantly harms creditors by removing parate executie (direct execution) as a coercive measure. The ruling requires that execution can only be carried out if the debtor acknowledges default and voluntarily surrenders the collateral. Otherwise, execution must go through the courts, which contradicts the spirit of efficiency in the Fiducia Security Law. The researcher confirms that the correct concept is the transfer of ownership as collateral (proforma or fiction), which is protected by the verval beding principle (Article 33 of the Fiducia Security Law) that prohibits the full transfer of ownership upon default. This error makes the court's argument about the debtor being in a "state of not being completely free" irrelevant. As a result of this ruling, creditors lose their right to a quick and efficient execution. Debtors acting in bad faith can exploit this legal loophole to delay payments or even abscond with the collateral, causing greater financial losses for creditors. This undermines the principle of easy-to-execute collateral and creates an imbalance that is detrimental to creditors.
IMPLEMENTASI MASSAGE  EFFLEURAGE  UNTUK MENURUNKAN SKALA NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI POLI OBGYN RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN Gustina, Erita; Atsnia, Atsnia; Af’idah, Huwaina
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1651

Abstract

Pregnancy causes various physiological changes, including in the musculoskeletal system, which often trigger complaints of back pain, particularly in the third trimester. This pain can interfere with the comfort and quality of life of pregnant women. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce pain is effleurage massage therapy. This study aims to implement the therapy to reduce the back pain scale in third-trimester pregnant women at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital, Medan. The research method used is a descriptive case study on two patients, using a maternity nursing care approach from assessment to evaluation. Inclusion criteria included third-trimester pregnant women (28–40 weeks) who are primigravida, experiencing back pain, and not having any comorbidities or obstetric complications. The intervention was carried out for three consecutive days, each session lasting 15 minutes, with evaluation using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results showed a decrease in pain levels from moderate (6 and 5) to mild (2 and 1). In conclusion, effleurage massage is effective in reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. This study is expected to serve as a reference for future research to further explore the effectiveness of this therapy more broadly and measurably.
PENERAPAN TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN DAN PENGGELAPAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERJANJIAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI Santoso, Budi; Maryano, Maryano; Ismed, Mohamad
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1666

Abstract

  This phenomenon frequently occurs in cooperative practices between industrial companies and waste management operators, where business actors fail to fulfill their contractual obligations, such as not processing waste in accordance with established procedures, concealing essential facts, or abusing trust for personal gain. Such actions may be classified as the criminal offense of fraud as stipulated in Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) and embezzlement under Article 372 of the KUHP.The research problems in this study are: (1) How is the application of the criminal offenses of fraud and embezzlement in the implementation of industrial waste management agreements? and (2) How are legal protection measures provided to the aggrieved party in the execution of such agreements?The research method employed is normative juridical, using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results of the study indicate that although an agreement constitutes a civil legal relationship, if there is malicious intent (mens rea) from the outset, such conduct may be brought into the realm of criminal law. Furthermore, law enforcement against perpetrators may be pursued through criminal proceedings by law enforcement authorities, while victims may seek remedies through both criminal and civil legal channels as forms of legal protection.This study contributes to strengthening legal certainty and legal protection for parties involved in non-B3 waste management agreements, as well as serving as a preventive measure against crimes detrimental to the environment and society. The core analysis of this study focuses on material losses, the object of the agreement (non-B3 waste), and the ownership of waste materials in accordance with the contractual terms.

Page 33 of 61 | Total Record : 601

 31   32   33   34   35 

Filter by Year

2014 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Desember 2025 Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, November 2025 Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Oktober 2025 Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, September 2025 Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025( In Press) Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025 Vol. 2 No. 7 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juli 2025 Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juni 2025 Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Mei 2025 Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, April 2025 Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Maret 2025 Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, February 2025 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Januari 2025 Vol. 1 No. 12 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Desember 2024 Vol. 1 No. 11 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, November 2024 Vol. 1 No. 10 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Oktober 2024 Vol. 1 No. 8 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2024 Vol. 1 No. 7 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juli 2024 Vol. 1 No. 6 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juni 2024 Vol. 1 No. 5 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Mei 2024 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, April 2024 Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Maret 2024 Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, February 2024 Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Januari 2024 Vol. 1 No. 9 (2014): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, September 2024 More Issue