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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 107 Documents
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Utilization of Rhizoctonia Mycorrhizae for Orchid Late Blight Control in Sustainable Agricultural Soelistijono, R.; Daryanti, Daryanti; Rakhmawati, Dian; Rianto, Prisma Aditya; Utomo, Herry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3498

Abstract

Vanda tricolor is currently a protected species because is the occurrence of orchid late blight caused by the Fusarium sp. pathogenic fungus. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae in inducing resistance against Fusarium sp., the causative agent of late blight, in V. tricolor. The research employed CRBD with three treatments and six replications. Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae were isolated and identified following the procedure outlined by Bayman. Pre-inoculation of Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae was conducted on PDA media, and mycorrhizae were subsequently inoculated onto the roots of V. tricolor seedlings derived from tissue culture. The presence of peloton structures on the roots was determined using the Nakano methods. The Saravanan method was employed to measure peroxidase activity. The results demonstrated that V. tricolor induced by Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae exhibited resistance against Fusarium sp. and displayed the formation of peroxidase enzymes, peloton structures, and lignification. In contrast, the non-induced orchids suffered significant damage to the epidermal tissue of the leaves, did not exhibit an increase in peroxidase enzymes, and failed to form peloton or lignified structures. The novelty of this research is the use of Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae to control orchid late blight diseases at Mount Merapi.
Therapeutic Potential of Secretome from Hypoxic-Mesenchymal Stem Cell (SH-MSC) in Regulating PDGF and IL-1β Gene Expression in Fluconazole-Related Alopecia Jessika, Cleveria; Putra, Agung; Sumarawati, Titiek
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3499

Abstract

Fluconazole long therapy causes severe alopecia by increasing interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and decreasing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Secretomes from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSCs) contain anti-inflammatory and growth factors that potentially aid in repairing damaged hair follicles. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of SH-MSCs on PDGF and IL-1β gene expression to develop a more effective alopecia therapy with minimal side effects. MSCs were extracted from the rat's umbilical cord and cultured under hypoxic conditions for 24 hours before secretome collection. The experiment used six rats per group for a positive control placebo (K1), a negative control group treated with fluconazole + placebo (K2), and topical gel containing 10% and 20% SH-MSCs for K3 and K4, respectively. The rat's PDGF and IL-1β gene expression was measured after 29 days of treatment and validated using histopathological analysis to evaluate hair follicles. The results showed that SH-MSC application significantly increased PDGF and decreased IL-1β gene expression (LSD test result p < 0.001). The highest expression of PDGF was observed in K4, which is 1.71 ± 0.31 fold change, followed by K3 with 0.806 ± 0.12 fold change. Conversely, IL-1β mRNA expression was significantly decreased in K4, which is a 1.41 ± 0.20 fold change, followed by K3 with a 2.71 ± 0.23 fold change (Mann-Whitney test result p < 0.001). Applying SH-MSC improved hair follicle tissue by increasing anagen cell type than telogen. This study indicates that SH-MSCs have the potential to be developed as a topical gel for the treatment of fluconazole-related alopecia.
Secretome of Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Fluconazole-Induced Alopecia in Rats via Immunoregulatory Modulation of IL-15 and IFN-γ Rahardja, Carolina Kiwik; Mulyani, Sri Priyantini; Putra, Agung
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3500

Abstract

Increased IL-15 and IFN-γ characterize fluconazole-related alopecia (FRA). The hypoxia mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) secretome has anti-inflammatory capabilities that can potentially be used as alopecia therapy. Therefore, the study aims to determine the effect of topical administration of hMSCs secretome gel on reducing IL-15 and IFN-γ gene expression and baldness in male Wistar rats, a model of FRA. MSC was collected from rat umbilical cord, cultured under hypoxia for 24 hours, and yielded a sterile secretome formulated into a water-based gel ointment for treatment. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: K1 for health controls with placebo administration only; K2 for negative control which contain FRA rats by applying fluconazole from day 7th to 14th and continued placebo administration until day 29th; treatments were conducted for FRA rat groups treated with 200 mg/day of topical gel contained with 10% of hMSCs secretome for K3 and 20% of hMSCs secretome for K4. Observations were made to analyze hair growth and IL-15 and INF-γ mRNA expression using qPCR. The analysis showed a significant decrease in IL-15 and IFN-γ mRNA expression (p ≤ 0.001) and a reduction in baldness of up to 60% after topical hMSCs secretome gel administration. The prominent result was that the topical gel contained 20% of hMSCs secretome. Based on research results, a topical gel dose containing 20% hMSC secretome had the best effect on improving the condition of FRA. This research may help optimize doses and treatment methods in hMSC secretome therapy.
Bioconcentration of Heavy Metals in Milkfish Reared in Stick-Net Pens System: Implications for Open Water Environmental Contamination and Food Safety Martuti, Nana Kariada Tri; Falisah, Dwi Fiska; Sidiq, Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur; Melati, Inaya Sari; Mutiatari, Dhita Pracisca; Nayam, Nasir
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3501

Abstract

The coast of Tanjung Mas, Semarang City, is an industrial area used by the community to cultivate milkfish using stick-net pens. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination such as Cr, Cd, Cu, and Pb potentially disrupts milkfish meat's growth, quality, and safety. This study aims to determine heavy metals concentration in the waters and milkfish meat in stick-net pens cultivation in Tanjung Mas, Semarang City. The study was conducted using exploration, with five observation sites representing household waste disposal flow, industrial discharge, open sea, and intermediate areas. The observation sites were selected based on the milkfish cultivation activity. The sample and data, including water, milkfish, and environmental factors (temperature, pH, salinity, water current, and dissolved oxygen), were collected three times every two weeks. The heavy metals were detected using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The highest heavy metal concentration is Cr, which ranges from 1.70 ± 0.32 ppm to 2.36 ± 0.63 ppm in milkfish and 2.77 ± 0.65 ppm to 3.05 ± 0.58 ppm in the environment. The heavy metals contamination in Semarang City’s water areas is still relatively low and has no impact on milkfish growth. Industrial waste, mainly heavy metals, potentially threatens the stick-net pens cultivation model developed by the community in Semarang City. This study can be used as an input for mitigation and adaptive action in anticipating future environmental changes and maintaining their business sustainability.
Morphological  Characteristics and Nest Structure of Stingless Bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Different Meliponiculture Practices Kadarsah , Anang; Putra, Aminuddin Prahatama; Nurliani, Anni; Suhartono, Eko; Ibrahim, Sayed
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3503

Abstract

Exploration of Heterotrigona itama biology characteristics besides being valuable for health and biodiversity also beneficial as well as an environmental bioindicator. This research aims to evaluate morphology characteristics and nest structure of stingless bee Heterotrigona itama from three different meliponiculture practices (MP1:meliponiculture in the back yard; MP2:meliponiculture in the rubber garden and MP3: meliponiculture in the side yard) in Banjar Regency, Indonesia. The parameters studied are morphology, nest design, colony structure, and environmental suitability. One-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level was used to analyze differences between parameters. The results show Heterotrigona itama body size average from rubber gardens is bigger (7.11±0.60 mm) than the side yard (6.79±0.34 mm) and back yard (6.64±0.46 mm). The degree of difference is visible in the fore leg (α=0.00<0.05) and hind leg (α=0.004<0.05). The nest structure in MP3 was significantly different than MP1 and MP2, especially in terms of funnel length (p=0.007<0.05) and nest height from the ground  (p=0.000<0.05).  Environmental conditions MP3  (temperature 31.69±1.93 0C, humidity 60.70±11.2 % and water source) is more supportive for meliponiculture than MP2 (disturbed by household waste) and MP3 polluted by chicken farms. Meliponicultures practices based on various locations and environmental characteristics influence several parameters of Heterotrigona itama morphology and nest structure.
Reproductive Biology of Two Species Spiny Lobster in Donggala Waters Central Sulawesi Nurdin, Muh. Saleh; Hasanah, Nur; Serdiati, Novalina; Putra, Aswad Eka
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3504

Abstract

Spiny lobster species Panulirus versicolor and P. femoristriga in Donggala waters are reported to experience growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing. If this phenomenon continues, it will gradually reduce the spiny lobster population and result in an overall population decline. Information on reproductive biology is needed in the formulation of management and conservation policies for spiny lobsters in Donggala Waters, Central Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze aspects of reproductive biology such as sex ratio, length-weight relationship, and spiny lobster condition factors. The research was conducted from July to December 2020 in the waters of Kabonga Village, Banawa Subdistrict, and Limboro Village, Central Banawa Subdistrict, Donggala District, Central Sulawesi Province. Reproductive biology data analysis applies several analytical models such as Chi-square, linear regression, Fulton condition factor, and Withney-Mann Test. The results showed no difference in sex ratio (balanced population) with negative allometric growth pattern and Fulton's condition factor in good condition (wellbeing) throughout the study in both P. versicolor and P. femoristriga. Population balance is important to ensure the continuity of recruitment, which is supported by adequate food availability, thus maintaining the stability of the spiny lobster population.
Studies on the Short- and Long-Term Effects of Rubber-Canna Agroforestry Through Soil Analysis and a Metagenomic Approach Sasaerila, Hidayat Yorianta; Effendi, Yunus; Wijihastuti, Risa Swandari; Pambudi, Arief; Nicola, Flavia De
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3514

Abstract

Agroforestry combines trees and crops for sustainable benefits. We explore rubber and canna integration into agroforestry, emphasizing sustainability, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. This study assesses C. indica's viability beneath 7-8-year-old rubber plantations, examining its impact on soil, microbial communities, and latex production. The research site in Subang, Indonesia, features, at the beginning, six-year-old rubber trees with variations in sunlight under canopies. Wild C. indica rhizomes from Mid Java are planted beneath rubber trees and open ground. No significant difference was found in plant height, rhizome weight, leaf area, number of leaves, r/s ratio, SLA, LWR, and LAR between C. indica cultivated beneath rubber trees (RC agroforestry) and on open ground. Although not significant, RC soil had higher N, P, K, and organic C levels than rubber monoculture (RM) soil two years after adopting the rubber-canna agroforestry system. After six years, RC soil had a greater pH, C, N, P, and K, clay and silt content,   and Shannon E index than RM soil. Analysis of soil metagenomics showed the phylum Proteobacteria dominates and enhances soil fertility, particularly in RC soils. These results increase latex output at the RC site over the RM location. In conclusion, the  Rubber-Canna agroforestry system enhances sustainability, soil fertility, and crop yield, addressing food security and environmental concerns. The primary novelty of this six-year study lies in the integration of C. indica into Southeast Asia's rubber agroforestry systems, highlighting its unique characteristics such as low-light survival, which can contribute to food security and soil protection.
Assessing Deadwood Carbon Stock within the National Parks of Indonesia Lestari, Nurul Silva; Susanti, Eka; Kartikasari, Galih; Satrio, Anton Eko; Sion, Androw Mikhov; Hariyen, Nori; Sugianur, Sugianur; Anita, Anita
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3516

Abstract

The preservation of national parks has emerged as a significant component of Indonesia’s climate mitigation efforts, primarily due to its substantial carbon stocks. However, little is known about the potential carbon stored in deadwoods within these areas. This study aims to estimate fallen deadwood carbon stocks in four national parks in Indonesia. The results show that the density of deadwood in study areas ranges from 0.26 – 0.79 g cm-3. Deadwood volume varies between 247.37 – 388.50 cm3. Bukit Tigapuluh National Park has the highest fallen deadwood biomass and carbon stock, accounting for 261.35 and 122.83 tons ha-1, respectively, followed by Sebangau National Park (187.41 and 88.08 tons ha-1), Kutai National Park (139.91 and 65.76 tons ha-1) and Lore Lindu National Park (87.90 and 41.32 tons ha-1). This study also found that large deadwood with diameters of >7.5 cm contributes to more than 80% of the total deadwood carbon stock. Understanding the carbon stock stored in deadwood within national park areas is crucial for refining estimates of potential avoided greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the conservation of national park forests.
Population Genetic Study of Gyrinops versteegii from Two Agarwood Distribution Regions on Lombok Island Based on DNA Fingerprinting Wangiyana, I Gde Adi Suryawan; Kurnia, Nova; Triandini, I Gusti Agung Ayu Hari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3517

Abstract

Gyrinops versteegii tends to grow naturally in the western region of Lombok Island, while cultivated G. versteegii tends to spread over the eastern region. These two distribution patterns cause different characteristics of this species that can be excellent sources for genetic population study including genetic diversity and population inbreeding. This research aims to conduct a genetic population analysis of G. versteegii from western and eastern agarwood distribution on Lombok Island using the RAPD marker. G versteegii samples were taken from west region (8o 31ʹ 26ʺ S, 116o 07ʹ 03ʺ E) and east region (8o 42ʹ 28ʺ S, 116o 27ʹ 11ʺ E). RAPD PCR of genomic DNA was conducted using primers: OPA-01, OPA-02, OPA-04, OPA-08, OPA-09, and OPA-18. Genetic population analysis (allele frequencies, heterozygosity, Shannon index, band pattern, and AMOVA) was performed by GenAlEx 6.5. OPA-02 has an ideal discriminative power based on the number of alleles per locus and the Shannon information index. Observed heterozygosity was higher than expected heterozygosity in both the west and east populations of G. versteegii. Based on banding pattern analysis, the eastern population has higher genetic diversity than the western population. AMOVA has shown that molecular variation within the population was higher than molecular variation among the population. It could be concluded that the west and east populations of G. versteegii have a particular genetic variation that could be discriminated by RAPD primer. Despite the genetic diversity, inbreeding between those two populations has occurred constantly. This result could give new insight into the gene flow between two G. versteegi populations, which could support the development of this commodity.
Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Platelets: An In Silico of the Active Compounds in Psidium guajava Salwa, Khoerina; Susanti, R.; Utomo, Didik Huswo; Yuniastuti , Ari; WH, Nugrahaningsih
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.3519

Abstract

Dengue virus infection causes thrombocytopenia. Psidium guajava is widely used by people to increase platelet counts. This research aims to analyze in silico the molecular mechanisms of compounds in guava fruit in increasing platelets. The compounds in guava fruit were taken from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, which include secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and fatty acids. Target proteins were predicted using PharmMapper. Protein interaction networks were created using STRING, visualized, and analyzed using Cytoscape. Potential target proteins were identified by topology, modularity, functional, and KEGG pathway analysis. Degree and betweenness centrality are parameters in topological analysis and the cluster with the highest score is selected as the functional module. The results showed that MAPK1, MAPK14, and AKT1 are involved in many inflammatory pathways, and MMP9 is a target protein directly involved in increasing vascular permeability. The compounds arjunolic acid, farnesene, beta-carotene, and alpha-linolenic acid inhibit MAPK1, citral, ellagic acid, palmitic acid, and oleanolic acid inhibit MAPK14, guaijaverin, pantothenic acid, and citric acid inhibit AKT1, guaijaverin and pantothenic acid inhibit MMP9. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds in guava fruit play a role in increasing platelets by inhibiting the MAPK, PI3K-Akt pathways, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, thereby inhibiting or reducing the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability.

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