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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 107 Documents
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Species and Morphological Identification of Wild Macrofungi in Nueva Ecija, Philippines Bustillos, Reynante G.; Guzman, Kyla Marie De; Kalaw, Sofronio P.; Dulay, Rich Milton R.
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.10882

Abstract

This study was conducted to list the different species of naturally occurring macrofungi in selected municipalities in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The collected species were morphologically identified and recorded in terms of physical distribution, collection site, collection month, and climatic conditions. Opportunistic sampling was used to collect the wild mushrooms from May to July 2023 in four collection sites (San Isidro, Jaen, San Antonio, and San Leonardo). There are 53 collected fruiting bodies belonging to 2 phyla, 4 classes, 5 orders, 14 families, 21 genera, and 35 species taxa. Out of 35 species, 25 wild mushrooms were identified at their species level while 10 were identified at their genus level only. Two collected mushrooms belong to Pezizomycetes (5.71%) while the rest belong to Agaricomycetes (94.29%). The collected wild macrofungi grew solitary or gregarious in different substrates such as soil, trees, decaying logs or trunks of trees, and animal dung. Twenty-three (23) of the collected mushrooms were found to be edible, while 12 were poisonous. Site A (San Isidro) was recorded to have the highest percentage composition of macrofungi. The distribution of the macrofungi in the collection sites was found to be affected mainly by physical factors.
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inhibiting the Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Molasses Fermentation Vico, Yoel; Budiarso, Tri Yahya; Amarantini, Charis; Setyaningsih, Ratna
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.14168

Abstract

Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the biofuel industry, but microbial contamination by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can significantly reduce yield and fermentation efficiency. This research aimed to identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) causing significant inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. LAB isolates were screened and identification was carried out by carbohydrate fermentation using the 50 CHL Analytical Profile Index (API) Kit, and the LAB isolates (MC2K1, MP2K1, and MP2K2) were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus and isolate MC2K2 as L. pentosus. The results demonstrated that bacteriocins did not significantly inhibit S. cerevisiae following heat treatment, indicating that metabolic byproducts, particularly lactic acid, were primarily responsible for yeast inhibition. Co-culture of LAB and S. cerevisiae supernatants was used to determine inhibition by metabolites produced by LAB. A higher inhibitory effect occurred in the supernatant from 48 hours of incubation with lower CFU results. The highest inhibition rate reached 42% in isolate MC2K1 and the incubation time of 6 hours with all isolates significantly inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that bacteriocins are the primary inhibitors of yeast and highlight the importance of metabolic byproducts as dominant inhibitory factors. This insight contributes to developing targeted contamination control strategies, ultimately enhancing ethanol production efficiency.
Comparison of Two Isolation Methods for Naturally Preserved DNA in Ambergris Fathurahman, Fabian Rizky; Suman, Ali; Mahmoud, Hanan Hassan Alsheikh; Nuryanto, Agus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.14302

Abstract

DNA extraction is a fundamental initial step in numerous molecular research studies. Different extraction methods are required for different biological samples to obtain high-quality DNA. Therefore, this step is one of the limiting factors for the success of molecular analysis. There has been no research evaluating an appropriate method to extract DNA from ambergris jetsam samples. This study aims to determine an appropriate method for extracting DNA from whale ambergris samples. The ambergris sample was collected from the southern coast of Cilacap. DNA extraction was performed using a commercial DNA isolation kit and the Chelex® 100 method. The extracted DNA was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis followed by quantification with a UV Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the most effective extraction method. The success of the extraction was also assessed by measuring the DNA concentration using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The results showed that the commercial isolation kit failed to produce genomic DNA from whale ambergris, as indicated by the absence of stained DNA bands on the agarose gel. In contrast, the Chelex® 100 method successfully produced genomic DNA from ambergris, as evidenced by the presence of stained DNA bands on the agarose gel and a high quantity of genomic DNA after a Nanodrop measurement. It can be concluded that the Chelex® 100 method is more suitable than commercial kits for extracting DNA from ambergris samples. This finding contributes to the development of various scientific fields based on molecular data by providing evidence that each biological sample requires an appropriate method to obtain high-quality DNA.
Traditional Knowledge of Mushroom Utilization by the Dayak Kubin Tribe: A Case Study in Nanga Raku Village, West Kalimantan Yeni, Laili Fitri; Faturrahman, Mas Akhbar; Widyastuti, Desinta Ayu; Syakuran, Luqman Abdan
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.17099

Abstract

The Dayak Kubin Tribe, which inhabits Nanga Raku Village, Sayan District, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province, still utilizes mushrooms daily. However, this knowledge has not been documented until now. This research aims to provide information on the diversity of mushroom species and their utilization by the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village. This qualitative research was conducted in Nanga Raku Village in May 2022. The informants in this research amounted to 15 people obtained through the snowball sampling technique. The search for mushroom samples was carried out using the cruising method. The results showed that the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village utilizes 16 species of mushrooms. Mushroom species used as food sources are Agaricus sp., Auricularia auricula-judae, Auricularia delicata, Termitomyces sp., Lactocollybia sp., Marasmiellus candidus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Lentinus sajor-caju, Panus sp., Psathyrella sp., Cookeina sulcipes, Cookeina tricholoma, and Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom species utilized as medicines are Microporus affinis and Microporus xanthopus. Hygrocybe sp. is the only mushroom species that is used as a food source and medicinal ingredient at the same time. The ethnomycological information presented in this research is an effort to preserve traditional knowledge by utilizing biodiversity in the surrounding environment.
Fermented Black Rice Extract (Oryza sativa) Induces Morphological Changes in Pathogenic Microorganisms Wijayanti, Ernanin Dyah; Syafah, Lailiiyatus; Rahayu, Lina Oktavia; Wulandari, Dita; Ibrahim, Zalikha
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.17185

Abstract

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential application in health, including antimicrobial properties. To date, the application of fermentation to black rice to enhance its bioactivity, particularly as an antimicrobial, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of solid fermented black rice against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Black rice was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion test method, agar dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermented black rice extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. The minimum inhibitory value obtained was 20% against all microbes, but the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) could not be determined. The SEM analysis showed morphological changes in microbes exposed to fermented black rice extract, including cell shrinkage, elongation, and lysis in Bacillus cereus, fragmentation and irregular cell shape in Escherichia coli, cell size reduction in Staphylococcus aureus, and bleb formation in Candida albicans. These changes indicate the mechanism of microbial growth inhibition. We found that fermented black rice (EFBR) extracts produce different effects from unfermented black rice extracts (EUBR), which tend to induce biofilm formation. We propose that EFBR functions as an antimicrobial by rupturing cell walls, preventing cell division and DNA synthesis. This research provides new insights into natural antimicrobial mechanisms at the cellular level and offers a potential alternative for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Solid fermented black rice may serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for developing health products or natural preservatives.
Coastal Erosion Reduces Resilience and Disrupts Compositional Dynamics of The Mangrove Ecosystem Irsadi, Andin; Jabbar, Abdul; Dewi, Nur Kusuma; Somantri, Dadang; Khair, Amar Sharaf Eldin; Sidiq, Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur; Mutiatari, Dhita Pracisca; Martuti, Nana Kariada Tri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.17292

Abstract

Indonesia’s coastline, particularly Kendal Regency in Central Java, faces critical mangrove degradation due to land-use changes and rising sea levels. This study aims to asses the condition and erosion impacting Kendal's mangrove ecosystems to inform future conservation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, multi-spatial and multi-temporal imagery from 2005–2023 was analyzed and validated with field observations to evaluate mangrove species composition, structure, and land changes. The mangrove area increased by 52% in three locations, with the Bodri River delta (Pidodo Kulon and Pidodo Wetan villages) showing the most significant growth at 76.69 hectares. Ngebum Beach (Mororejo) had the largest proportional increase, reaching 185%. The ecosystems are moderately diverse, containing at least 11 mangrove species, though Rhizophora dominates due to extensive planting efforts. Despite stable conditions, these ecosystems face threats from deforestation for aquaculture, the primary driver of land erosion, compounded by rising sea levels. Although mangrove areas have expanded significantly, ongoing challenges include erosion, anthropogenic pressures, and limited species diversity. Future strategies must involve multi-stakeholder collaboration to implement sustainable practices, promote species diversity, develop erosion mitigation models, and conduct awareness campaigns to ensure the resilience of Kendal’s mangrove ecosystems.
Insect-Assisted Biodegradation of Waste Plastics for Enhancing Sustainable Development Goals Umami, Muhimatul; Narakusumo, Raden Pramesa; Encilia, Encilia; Nada, Shofwatun; Amrulloh, Ilham; Agung, Achmad; Sekarwangi, Dewi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.19195

Abstract

The increasing use of plastic materials in daily life has led to a rise in plastic waste, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of insects that contribute to the eco-friendly degradation of plastic waste and to evaluate the rate of plastic waste degradation and the waste reduction index (WRI) achieved through insect larvae. The research uses a Randomized Factorial Design, investigating plastics such as styrofoam blocks, low-density polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, and a control. The parameters examined include insect characteristics, larval length and weight, degradation rate, and WRI. Both Zophobas atratus and Tenebrio molitor exhibit the potential for the bioconversion of plastic waste. The weight of T. molitor larvae ranges from 0.07-0.09g, while Z. atratus larvae weigh between 0.51 and 0.60g. The WRI is directly proportional to the reduction rate, with higher reduction rates corresponding to higher WRI values. The results showed that the control using Z. atratus and T. molitor larvae achieved the highest WRI values among all treatments. Among the plastic types studied, styrofoam blocks showed the highest WRI value, indicating that a feeding rate of 1g of plastic per larva per day is optimal for efficiently reducing plastic waste. This supports circular economy initiatives for companies developing insect-based proteins for food, feed, and natural products while advancing sustainable development goals.
Effect of BAP and Picloram on Shoot Induction (Musa acuminata Colla var. Mulu Bebek) Arief, Nurul Huda Am Zen; Rahayu, Enni Suwarsi; Pa’ee, Furzani; Habibah, Noor Aini
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.19605

Abstract

Musa acuminata Colla var. Mulu Bebek is a high-quality banana from Ternate, North Maluku. Its conventional cultivation faces challenges due to Fusarium wilt, reducing productivity. In vitro culture offers a solution for rapid, disease-free seedling production. This study aims to examine the effect of BAP and picloram on shoot induction using a CRFD at various concentrations (0–3 ppm) and evaluate the percentage of live explants, emergence time, and number and length of shoots and roots. Results show that 1 ppm picloram accelerates root emergence, while 0 ppm promotes the fastest shoot emergence, the longest shoot and root lengths. 1 ppm BAP increases shoot numbers. The interaction of picloram and BAP has a significant effect on the parameters of the fastest root emergence time, namely 1 ppm picloram + 0 ppm BAP, 1 ppm and 3 ppm, the fastest shoot emergence time, namely without the addition of PGR, and the longest shoot length, 0 ppm picloram + 2 ppm BAP. The combination of 0 ppm picloram + 1 ppm BAP is the optimal condition for a percentage of 100% live explants, the fastest time for root emergence, the highest number of shoots and roots, the longest shoot and root length and the optimal condition for the fastest time for shoot emergence is 0 picloram + 0 ppm BAP. This study provides insight into the role of BAP and picloram in inducing banana shoots that has not been reported before. The micropropagation media formula obtained in this study is an effort to improve the quality of healthy banana seedlings in the future.
Identification of Microalgae Isolates Using 18 S rRNA Markers and Testing Their Antioxidant Capacity Ermavitalini, Dini; Rahmahana, Ratna Syifa'a; Saputro, Triono Bagus; Rizam, Bilqis Naura Safira; Purnobasuki, Hery; Ni'matuzahroh
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.19919

Abstract

Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms that synthesize bioactive compounds, including antioxidant compounds. Exploratory research on microalgae with strong antioxidant capacity as free radical scavengers is interesting and important to do. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of microalgae. Water samples were diluted with multilevel dilution. Microalgae were isolated using the streak plate method, and four microalgae isolates were successfully cultivated in vitro. Identification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA marker gene sequences, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus armatus, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum, and Vitreochlamys incisa. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using three methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). IC50 as the concentration required to inhibit 50% of free radicals showed that methanol extract of C. vulgaris had a strong antioxidant capacity in the ABTS test with IC50 of 81.693 ppm and the highest in the DPPH test with IC50 of 297.451 ppm. In the FRAP test, the highest antioxidant capacity was in ethanol extract of D. ehrenbergianum isolate of 74.45 mg AAE/g. The D. armatus isolate had the lowest antioxidant capacity in the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests.
Microbial Diversity in Hot Spring Soil Microbiome Susanti, R.; Listiaji, Prasetyo; Mukaromah, Riska Laila; Nisa, Farah Fitrotun; Kenarni, Naina Rizki; Jaya, Adi Franata
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.20869

Abstract

Hot springs are natural habitats for thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms with optimal growth temperatures. This study was conducted using a metagenomic approach to analyze the microbial communities of Nglimut hot spring soils, Mount Ungaran. This study used an exploratory observational method. A total of ten samples of hot spring sediment soil were taken purposively in Nglimut hot spring, Mount Ungaran. A total of 600 grams of hot spring sediment soil samples were used for chemical analysis and 50 grams of samples for metagenomic analysis based on 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene marker regions. The total microbiota sequences analyzed in this study were 103,889 OTUs, consisting of 98,603 Bacteria OTUs and 5,286 Archaea OTUs. At the phylum level, all DNA sequences of soil microbiota bacteria identified 53 phyla, dominated by Proteobacteria (19.42%), Chloroflexi (17.21%), Nitrospirota (13.76%), Bacteroidota (7.67%) and Firmicutes (7.33%). At the order level, 305 bacterial orders were found, dominated by Nitrospirales (12.35%), Burkholderiales (7.99%), Rhizobiales (5.77%), Ignavibacteriales (4.06), and Anaerolineales (3.92%). A total of nine archaea phyla were identified in the hot spring soil, dominated by Crenarchaeota (85.13%), Nanoarchaeota (7.13%) and Halobacterota (5.58%). At the order level, 15 archaea orders were identified, dominated by Nitrosopumilales (64.08%), Nitrososphaerales (14.39%), Woesearchaeales (7.24%), Bathyarchaeia (6.15%), and Methanosarciniales (5.07%). The bacteria that dominate the soil of hot springs are bacteria that can survive at high temperatures (thermophilic) and are able to utilize sulfur. The presence of archaea in hot spring soils helps increase the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sulfur-containing soils.

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