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Nanang Yunarto
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan
ISSN : 2085675X     EISSN : 23548770     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Traditional Medicines, and Pharmaceutical Care.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024" : 11 Documents clear
Formulation of Lerak Liquid Extract (Sapindus rarak DC.) as a Biosurfactant for Facial Soap Ariawa, Dewi Cahayani; Suradnyana, I Gede Made; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium lauryl ester sulfate (SLES) are components that consumers avoid because they cause skin irritation due to the residue left behind. Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) is a natural product with potential as a biosurfactant with a saponin content of 28%. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of Lerak extract facial liquid soap with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and its physical quality compared to soap products containing SLS and SLES, as well as to determine the panelist's acceptance of the Lerak facial soap through a hedonic test. The extract was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted maceration. The facial soap was made into four 100 ml size formulas with extract percentages of 5% (F1), 15% (F2), 25% (F3), and 35% (F4). Aspects studied included organoleptic, pH, specific gravity, foam stability, and total plate number (TPN), compared with SNI provisions. The hedonic test was conducted on 30 panelists aged 19-35. The results showed that the Lerak extract facial liquid soap met the physical quality standards set out in SNI. There are several differences in pH, specific gravity, and foam stability compared to the comparison soap product. Formula F1 gets the best score for color parameters, and F3 gets the best score for shape, smell, and usability parameters. Lerak fruit has the potential to be developed as a cleaning cosmetic product that is safe for the skin and environmentally friendly.
Formulation of Nutraceutical Dosage Form Cempedak Leaves (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr) Cereal as Immunity Booster for Children Esadini, Aya Rana; Aulia, Gina; Fu’adah, Intan Tsamrotul
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Cempedak (Artacorpus integer (Thunb.) Merr) is a plant whose fruit is commonly consumed by the public. However, the leaves are still not widely used and have been reported to have various benefits as efficacious herbal medicines. This is due to its phenolic compounds which play a role in counteracting free radicals and indirectly positively impact the body's immunity. This study aims to formulate cempedak leaf cereal as a new nutraceutical for children. The stages carried out include making extracts, cereal formulations, and evaluating the characteristics of cempedak leaves cereal including organoleptic, specific gravity, compressibility index, flow rate, granule repose angle, moisture content, reconstitution time, organoleptic and pH tests after reconstitution, sedimentation volume, and physical stability test. The formulations were three variations, namely F1 (containing 1% extract), F2 (containing 3% extract), and F3 (containing 5% extract) in the form of granules using wet granulation methods. The formulation and evaluation results of the three formulations are not much different from one another. However, based on the results of the compressibility index, F2 met the good standard criteria, namely 9.23%. The aroma and taste of the formulation are the same as commercial cereals, so we are sure that children will like them. In addition, the results of phytochemical tests also showed that the secondary metabolites contained in cempedak leaf extract could act as immune boosters. The three formulations also showed good stability for 30 days. Based on the results, our formulation met the criteria as nutraceuticals.
Gambier for Diabetes: Comparison of the Antidiabetic Potency between Two Types of Extracts from Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb. Fajarwati, Indah; Solihin, Dedy Duryadi; Wresdiyati, Tutik
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Gambier is a dry extract obtained from both the leaves and twigs of the Uncaria gambir. It is an agricultural product produced by the local community through traditionally unique methods. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potency of gambier. The study used two types of gambier, namely traditional aqueous gambier (TAG) from traditional extraction and maceration ethanol gambier (MEG) from maceration extraction. The phytochemical compound, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Moreover, in vivo hypoglycemia activity study was carried out. The results showed that both TAG and MEG contained flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids, while saponins were detected in TAG and steroids in MEG only. Both TAG and MEG also contained quercetin and catechin which were higher in the TAG compared to the MEG. The DPPH scavenging activities of the TAG and MEG, measured in IC50 values, were 15.40 ± 0.21 μg/ml and 12.25 ± 0.04 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values of the alpha-glucosidase inhibition of TAG and MEG were 35.84 ± 1.75 μg/ml and 83.14 ± 1.26 μg/ml, respectively. The best hypoglycemic activity was observed in the TAG group. The group given TAG and high glucose had lower blood glucose (127 mg/dl) compared to the group only given high glucose (178 mg/dl). These results indicated that TAG had a better potential for antidiabetic activities compared to MEG, and it can be proposed for further investigations as a potential antidiabetic agent.
Characteristics of Collagen-based Milkfish Bone Waste Extracted with Bromelain with Cofactor Ca2+ Nasyanka, Anindi Lupita; Na’imah, Janatun; Firmani, Ummul; Octavia, Putri; Azizah, Viaristi Amelina
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Indonesian imports of gelatin and collagen raw materials totaled 4808 tons. Gresik is one of the producers of milkfish in East Java, with 87116 tons expected in 2022. Even though it contains type 1 collagen, milkfish bone waste that is not used at the center for making milkfish brains is an environmental hazard. Given this possibility, this study aimed to determine the qualitative characteristics of collagen extract from milkfish bone debris (Chanos chanos) with and without the addition of Ca2+ of varying quantities. The extraction method employs the enzyme bromelain 2% and cofactor metal ion Ca2+ (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%), which has previously been pre-treated in the form of defatting and deproteination, before determining physical and chemical properties. The results showed that using bromelain enzyme with Ca2+ boosted collagen yield. Adding 0.5% Ca2+ resulted in the highest yield, 7.58±1.88%. All collagen produced contains functional groups recognized in FTIR as type 1 collagen constituents (presence of amide A, amide B, amide I-III). The melting point of the collagen generated is between 144 and 157 °C. The SEM profile of collagen was porous sheets in all treatments. Except for the ash content, the chemical properties of collagen generated by adding the Ca2+ (pH 7.49-8.09; water content 7.75-8.15; ash content 6.56-7.78) fulfill SNI and BSP standards. Meanwhile, collagen synthesized without the inclusion of cofactors only meets the water content standards (pH 7.49-8.09; water content 7.75-8.15; ash content 6.56-7.78). The demineralization stage is required to produce milkfish bone debris before extraction to achieve these requirements.
Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptosis by Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn in 4T1 Cell Line Hidayati, Devi Nisa; Safitri, Erika Indah; Surayya, Anis; Alviani, Dwi Lutvi; Putri, Masita Nur Amalia
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Waru leaves are proven to have cytotoxic activity. The activity of waru leaves needs to be developed in a molecular direction to see its apoptotic activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of methanol extract (EWL) and ethyl acetate fraction fraction (EAFWL) of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn as well as the induction of apoptosis in 4T1 cells. The methanol extract of hibiscus leaves was obtained by the maceration method, followed by a fractionation process with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. Cytotoxic test of EWL was carried out at a concentration of 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250; 500 and 1000 μg/mL while EAFWL was at a concentration of 100; 200; 400; 600 and 100 μg/mL, using MTT assay. Analysis of IC50 values using linear regression. The apoptosis induction test at IC50 and ½ IC50 concentrations using flowcytometry. Data on the percentage of apoptosis were analyzed using One Way Anova statistical analysis. The results were EWL and EAFWL cytotoxic tests against 4T1 had IC50 values of 649 μg/mL and 746 μg/mL. EWL obtained a percentage of total apoptosis at a concentration of 324.5 μg/mL of 48.76%; 649 μg/mL was 67.06% and control cells were 36.16%. EAFWL percentage of total apoptosis at a concentration of 746 μg/mL of 30.8%; 373 μg/mL was 42.13% and control cells were 9.6%. So EWL and EAFWL can induce apoptosis of 4T1 cells.
The Effect of Different Solvents on the Content of Black Cumin Seed Extract (Nigella sativa) Hariutami, Desi; Darmawati, Sri; Permana, Atna; Zuraida, Zuraida
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), also called "black cumin," are an herbal plant from the Ranunculaceae family. The objective of this study was to determine the yield of black cumin seed extract using 96% ethanol, N-hexane, and ethyl acetate as solvents, as well as to determine the results of phytochemical screening tests and the active ingredient content using GCMS. The stages of the research included the extraction process, phytochemical screening test, and GCMS. The study's findings on the yield of black cumin seed extract using the three solvents showed that the solvent N-Hexane produced the highest yield, at 28.09 percent. Based on phytochemical screening tests, black cumin seeds were positive for containing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, phenolic flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and glycoxides. Other potential compounds vizhexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Methyl (8e,11e)-8,11- octadecadienoate, 12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, Grape seed oil.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Prescribing According to Beers Criteria among Elderly Outpatients at Pasar Minggu Hospital, Jakarta Pebriani, Mala; Sumarny, Ros; Arozal, Wawaimuli; Eviarini, Prawitasari; Ismaya, Nurwulan Adi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Elderly patients generally have physiological changes that cause multipathological conditions, so they require several drugs to treat these conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the use of drugs to optimize the treatment of geriatric patients. Beers Criteria 2019 is a criteria that is commonly used to present Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). This study aimed to examine the inaccuracy of prescription drugs in the elderly using Beer's criteria 2019. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The Beer's 2019 criteria classify PIM into five categories. Data were taken retrospectively as many as 847 prescriptions met the inclusion criteria at the Pasar Minggu Hospital Outpatient Polyclinic. Data were analysed by Univariate and Bivariate. The results showed that from 847 prescriptions for geriatric patients, there are 160 prescriptions for geriatric patients who experienced PIM (18.89%). Percentage of PIM incidents by category; namely, category 1 was 29.17%, category 2 was 6.77%, category 3 was 44.79%, category 4 was 16.67%, and category 5 was 2.60%. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the number of drugs and Heart Failure and CAD with the incidence of PIM with a p value of 0.000 and 0.035. DM and Heart Failure are 2 diseases that significantly influence the incidence of PIM. This study concludes that the elderly are at risk for receiving potentially inappropriate medications.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus Patients with COVID-19 Confirmed Diabetes Mellitus Patients at One of the Hospital Bantul Nadliroh, Lubabun; Estiningsih, Daru; Sarwadhamana, Raden Jaka; Ninisita Sri Hadi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with comorbid DM are very likely to experience a significant reduction in glycemic control and eventually require adjustment of antidiabetic treatment to optimize clinical outcomes. The results of data collected by the COVID-19 Handling Task Force, the total number of cases in Indonesia that were confirmed positive for COVID-19 had comorbidities, one of which was Diabetes Mellitus 33.6%. This study aimed to determine whether or not there were differences in clinical outcomes of DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 and DM without confirmed COVID-19 at One of Hospital Bantul. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. Secondary data in the form of medical records. Sampling was carried out using a simple random sampling method with the Lemeshow formula. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test in bivariate analysis. The results showed that the clinical outcome of type 2 DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 was the GDS target value (38.9%) and the GDS target value (61.1%). The clinical outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have confirmed COVID-19 was that the GDS target value (55.6%) was achieved and the GDS target value was not reached (44.4%). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in clinical outcome p=0.046 between DM type 2 confirmed COVID-19 and DM type 2 not confirmed COVID-19. It can be concluded that DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 have different clinical outcomes than DM patients without confirmed COVID-19.
Mother’s Knowledge of Expiration Dates, Beyond-Use Date (BUD), and Storage Conditions for Compounding and Non-Compounding Drugs Isnenia; Siti Julaiha
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Patients can obtain various pharmaceutical dosage forms, both compounded and non-compounded. The expired date is no longer a benchmark when the patient or pharmacist opens the primary packaging in preparation but uses the Beyond-Used Date (BUD). Beyond-used date (BUD) has a shorter time than the expiration date. Storage conditions in the household play an important role in the quality of the drug and its feasibility for consumption. This study aimed to compare knowledge about the expired date, BUD, and drug condition storage in two groups, compounding and non-compounding. This research was quantitative, with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was the mothers of pediatric patients who received outpatient treatment at one of the primary health centers. The sampling technique was carried out purposively. Data were collected through interviews in September-October 2021. The results of this study show that the respondents are predominantly in the range of 26-45 years, senior high school education, status as housewives, and insurance. The level of knowledge of both the non-compounding groups in the three aspects is greater than that of the compounding group. There is a significant difference in the compound and non-compounding groups in the knowledge of expired date (p=0.000) and BUD (p=0.000). There is no significant difference in knowledge of storage conditions (0.347). This study concludes that there is a significant difference in knowledge between the two groups in expired date and BUD, where the compounding group has greater good knowledge.
In vivo Study of Uric Acid Inhibitory of Catechin from Gambir [Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb] in Male Rats Yunarto, Nanang; Ismaya, Nurwulan Adi; Reswandaru, Uud Nourma; Hermiyanti, Evika; Gumilang, Nabila Cahya; Salina, Fitri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood. In silico studies of catechin compounds using molecular docking were able to inhibit the activity of the xanthin oxidase enzyme so that it could reduce uric acid levels. One of the native Indonesian plants that contains catechin is gambier (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb). This research aims to obtain the efficacy and safety of gambier leaf catechins in reducing uric acid levels. In vivo efficacy testing at doses of 20, 40, and 40 mg/Kg BW with allopurinol as a comparison and the safety of gambier leaf catechin in hyperuricemic male mice through macroscopic and microscopic examination of the liver and kidney organs. The results of research on determining catechin levels using HPTLC obtained levels of 96.06%. Gambier leaf catechin at doses of 20, 40, and 40 mg/Kg BW was able to reduce uric acid levels in the blood serum of mice. The higher the dose of catechin, the better the anti-hyperuricemia effect. In the results of the safety parameters, gambier leaf catechins, there were no specific abnormalities in the liver and kidneys of mice both macroscopically and microscopically. Based on research, it can be concluded that gambier leaf catechin has great potential as an anti-hyperuricemia drug and has good safety if consumed for a long time.

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