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Biomedika
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 20858345     EISSN : 25412582     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/biomedika
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Biomedika is one of the efforts of the Faculty of Medicine of University Muhammadiyah Surakarta to improve the academic atmosphere, as a publication of research results from lecturers and students. The existence of Biomedika is expected to enhance the activity and quality of research in medical and health fields as well as a reflection of the academic atmosphere. Biomedika is co-managed by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Kabupaten Sukoharjo.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 70 Documents
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EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF MAJA FRUIT (Aegle marmelos) USING DPPH, FRAP, AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY METHODS Pradestya Achmad Sulthon; Sri Wahyuni; Devi Usdiana Rosyidah; Retno Sintowati
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.15944

Abstract

Background: Degenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress continue to increase globally. Maja fruit (Aegle marmelos) is known to contain bioactive compounds that have potential as natural antioxidants, but comprehensive research on ethyl acetate fractions is still limited. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of maja fruit using the DPPH and FRAP methods and to identify its secondary metabolite content through phytochemical testing. Methods: This was a quantitative laboratory experimental study with a comparative approach. Maja fruit was extracted with 96% ethanol and subsequently fractionated using ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method at concentrations of 12.5–200 ppm and the FRAP method at concentrations of 25–200 ppm, with vitamin C as a positive control. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify secondary metabolites. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Holm correction. Results: The ethanol extract yield reached 48.891% and the ethyl acetate fraction 8.52%. Phytochemical testing showed that the fraction contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, but was negative for flavonoids. DPPH antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 64.41 ppm (strong category), lower than vitamin C (IC₅₀ = 19.47 ppm). The FRAP method showed that antioxidant capacity increased with concentration, reaching 193.28 µM TE/g at 200 ppm. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between concentrations (p = 0.009 for DPPH; p = 0.002 for comparison with vitamin C). Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of maja fruit (Aegle marmelos) has strong antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging (DPPH) and electron transfer (FRAP) mechanisms, with contributions from alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, making it a potential source of natural antioxidants.
A280 AND BCA PROTEIN QUANTIFICATION METHODS REVEAL MARKED DIFFERENCES IN Cosmos caudatus CRUDE PROTEIN EXTRACT Nabila Hurunin; Akbar Triandra; Subandrate; Ayeshah Augusta Rosdah
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.16817

Abstract

Protein quantification in complex biological samples remains challenging due to their heterogeneous composition. This study aimed to compare direct UV absorbance at 280 nm (A280) and the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method for protein quantification of dialyzed Cosmos caudatus crude protein extract. Crude protein extract was prepared from Cosmos caudatus leaves, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation (45%, 65%, 85%, and 95%) and dialysis using a 3.5 kDa membrane. Protein concentration was measured using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (A280) and BCA assay, with measurements performed in triplicate. Relative standard deviation was used to evaluate the variability among triplicate measurements. Data were analyzed using paired t-test after Shapiro-Wilk normality testing. Results showed that protein concentrations obtained by A280 were consistently higher than those measured by the BCA method, with values approximately 3.24-5.36 times greater across all fractions (p<0.001). The observed differences may be associated with the distinct measurement principles of the two methods, the contribution of UV-absorbing compounds and the dependence of A280 measurements on aromatic amino acid residues. In conclusion, A280 and BCA methods produced significantly different protein concentrations and should not be used interchangeably for quantifying dialyzed crude plant protein extract.
RISK FACTORS OF QTC INTERVAL PROLONGATION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS Hendra Wana Nur'amin; Djallalludin; Andhita Apriliana; Farhanaqilah Mazaya; Hijratun Nisa
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.16821

Abstract

QTc interval prolongation is an important risk factor for fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Identifying factors associated with QTc prolongation may help prevent cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to analyze clinical factors associated with the risk of QTc prolongation in hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, pneumonia, anemia, and hyperkalemia) with QTc prolongation. 189 subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups based on QTc duration ≥500 ms ( n =41) and <500 ms ( n =148). Of all variables, gender showed a significant association with QTc prolongation (p=0.02; prevalence odds ratio (POR)=2.40; 95% CI: 1.15-4.99), with women having a higher risk of QTc interval ≥500 ms than men. Risk factors such as age >60 years, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, pneumonia, anemia, and hyperkalemia did not show a significant association (p>0.05). These findings support the need for routine ECG monitoring, especially in female patients, to prevent arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality.
UNEXPECTED UTERINE RUPTURE IN BICORNUATE PREGNANCY MIMICKING ECTOPIC PREGNANCY: A RARE CASE FOLLOWING PRIOR VAGINAL BIRTHS Pramudita Putri Dyatmika Mandegani; Siti Syamsu Lausiri; Mochamad Munir
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.16825

Abstract

A bicornuate uterus, resulting from incomplete fusion of the Müllerian ducts, is a rare anomaly with a prevalence of about 0.4% in the general population. While commonly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm labor, and malpresentation, rupture of a bicornuate uterus is exceptionally rare. As a life‑threatening obstetric emergency, its recognition is often delayed or misdiagnosed, particularly in women with prior normal vaginal deliveries where typical risk factors are absent. This diagnostic challenge underscores the need for heightened clinical suspicion when evaluating abdominal pain and bleeding in pregnancy. We report a case of left-sided uterine rupture in a bicornuate uterus during the second trimester in a pregnant woman with a history of two prior vaginal deliveries. The patient presented with abdominal pain radiating to the back. On examination, the patient was conscious but hemodynamically unstable, with slight abdominal distension and tenderness, a prominent rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch) and left adnexal tenderness. A suspected ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Surgical findings revealed a left uterine rupture in a bicornuate uterus with a 17-week-old fetus.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BURNOUT SYNDROME AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE IN MEDICAL STUDENTS Aura Nila Alifianty; Arif Rahman; Arum Kartikadewi
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.17067

Abstract

Medical students face high academic demands that may trigger burnout and activate the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis, which may influence glucose regulation and increase inflammatory responses in the body. This study aims to analyze the association between burnout and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). It used cross-sectional design which involved 106 active students through simple random sampling. Burnout was assessed by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). Moreover, FBG was measured by using spectrophotometer and ESR was measured by using the Westergren method. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). The results show significant association between burnout level and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.012), with the highest proportion of elevated FBG observed in the moderate burnout category (21.3%). In addition, significant associations are found between burnout and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in females (p = 0.029) and males (p = 0.028), with the highest proportion of elevated ESR in the moderate burnout category (30.8% in females and 37.5% in males).The mean burnout level is categorized as moderate that is significantly associated with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in both male and female students.
EFFECT OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT ON HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMATOCRIT LEVELS IN PATIENTS AT IBNU SINA HOSPITAL GRESIK M. Arisetya Ardana; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Sri Widyaningsih; Eka Ari Puspita; Amelia Tantri Anggraeni
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.17388

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) who received treatment at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital, Gresik Regency, with data collected from patients undergoing treatment between 2022 and 2025. The background of this study is based on the high incidence of DR-TB cases in Indonesia and the limited number of studies focusing on this specific topic. The method used in this study was a retrospective cohort design. A total of 69 subjects were included using a total sampling technique. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using ANOVA and Friedman tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant effect of DR-TB anti-tuberculosis drug treatment on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. However, in the 6-month treatment regimen (BPaL or BPaL/M), no significant effect was observed. In conclusion, anti-tuberculosis drugs for DR-TB have a significant effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in patients undergoing treatment at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital, Gresik Regency. This study is expected to contribute to clinical practice and serve as a basis for future research.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC CLOVE BUD (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) EXTRACT ON CXCL1 MRNA EXPRESSION IN DNCB-INDUCED ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS MICE Riandini Aisyah; Pantes Irsa Mahendriyansa Puta; Adam Fauzi Akbar; Muhammad Azzim Wafiq; Dodik Nursanto; Ratih Pramuningtyas; Fatin Asfarina
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.17858

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a T cell–mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction characterized by epidermal inflammation, immune dysregulation and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a key neutrophil-recruiting chemokine that sustains cutaneous inflammatory cascades in ACD. Plant-derived compounds such as Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) have gained attention as potential anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic clove bud extract on CXCL1 mRNA expression in a murine model of DNCB-induced dermatitis and to determine the potential optimal concentration. A laboratory experimental study with a posttest-only control group design was conducted using 25 male Swiss mice divided into five groups: negative control (Vaseline), positive control (hydrocortisone 2.5%), and three extract-treated groups (10%, 20%, and 40%). Dermatitis was induced using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (2% DNCB) for 14 days, followed by 14 days of extract treatment. CXCL1 mRNA expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Significant differences in CXCL1 mRNA expression were observed across groups by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.022). The  40% extract concentration produced the lowest CXCL1 expression among extract-treated groups, suggesting a dose-dependent modulatory pattern that diminished at the 40% concentration. Ethanolic clove bud extract suppresses CXCL1 mRNA expression in DNCB-induced ACD mice, with  40% identified as the potentially optimal concentration. These findings support the anti-inflammatory potential of S. aromaticum as a candidate for ACD management and warrant further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and in vivo safety profile.
LESION PREDILECTION OF SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS BASED ON AGE AND SEX Sayiddah Angesti Nilamsari; Siti Aminah Tri Susila Estri
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.18023

Abstract

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Age and sex are considered important factors influencing lesion distribution; however, studies evaluating their association with lesion predilection remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the association between age, sex, and lesion predilection of seborrheic dermatitis. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design based on medical records of seborrheic dermatitis patients from 2018 to 2025. A total of 300 subjects were included using total sampling. Independent variables included age and sex, while lesion predilection was categorized into scalp and non-scalp involvement. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and odds ratio analysis. Most subjects were male (57.7%) and adults (49.7%), with scalp lesions as the predominant presentation (60.3%). Significant associations were identified between sex and lesion predilection (p=0.011), as well as between age and lesion predilection (p<0.001). Adult and elderly patients demonstrated higher scalp lesion predilection compared to younger age groups (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.68–4.52), while male patients had greater odds of scalp involvement than females (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.15–2.93). Age and sex are significantly associated with lesion predilection in seborrheic dermatitis.
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YOUNG–BURGESS CLASSIFICATION OF PELVIC RING INJURIES: A CASE SERIES AT A NGOERAH HOSPITAL IN BALI, INDONESIA Ni Wayan Yeni Susanti; Elysanti Dwi Martadiani
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.18583

Abstract

Background: Pelvic ring injuries encompass a wide range of traumatic conditions, from stable fractures to complete ring disruptions carrying a significant risk of life-threatening haemorrhage, visceral damage, and long-term disability. The Young–Burgess classification provides a mechanistic framework for stratifying these injuries by force direction and resultant instability, linking radiological pattern to clinical severity. Objective: To document the spectrum of radiological features and management implications of pelvic ring injuries classified by the Young–Burgess system across six emergency cases. Methods: A retrospective case series of six patients presenting to a tertiary emergency department was performed. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were used as the primary imaging tool. Results: Three patients exhibited anteroposterior compression patterns (APC I, II, III), two had lateral compression patterns (LC I, LC II), and one demonstrated a vertical shear pattern. Injury severity correlated with the degree of symphysis diastasis, sacroiliac joint involvement, and frequency of associated injuries. Conclusion: Young–Burgess-guided radiograph interpretation offers rapid, clinically meaningful risk stratification in pelvic trauma; computed tomography remains indispensable for comprehensive posterior ring evaluation.
FAMILY SUPPORT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THERAPEUTIC SUCCESS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A RURAL PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER Anika Candrasari; Ayu Ardita Dewi Permatasari; Kunanti Anugrah Pawestri; Nurwahida Mayrudin
Biomedika Vol 18, No 2 (2026): Biomedika August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v18i2.19064

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapeutic success is strongly influenced by behavioral and environmental factors, including family support. Objective: Analyze the relationship between family support and treatment success in T2DM patients and to identify the most influential types of support. Methods: This small exploratory cross-sectional study involved 40 T2DM patients in the working area of Sawoo Public Health Center, Ponorogo Regency. Family support was measured using the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), while treatment success was assessed based on HbA1c levels (controlled: <7%). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The majority of respondents were aged >55 years (65%) and female (75%). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that informational (p=0.028, r=-0,412) and instrumental support (p=0.013, r—0,489) were significantly associated with T2DM treatment success. Demographic characteristics are not significantly related to DMT2 therapy success (p>0.05). Conclusion:  Informational and instrumental family support is a critical determinant of successful T2DM therapy. Diabetes management interventions should systematically involve families.

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