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Biomedika
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 20858345     EISSN : 25412582     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/biomedika
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Biomedika is one of the efforts of the Faculty of Medicine of University Muhammadiyah Surakarta to improve the academic atmosphere, as a publication of research results from lecturers and students. The existence of Biomedika is expected to enhance the activity and quality of research in medical and health fields as well as a reflection of the academic atmosphere. Biomedika is co-managed by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Kabupaten Sukoharjo.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 60 Documents
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THE ASSOCIATION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND PROCALCITONIN LEVELS WITH CLINICAL OUTCOME OF COVID-19 DISEASE Ramadhani, Renata Evelyn; Solikhah, Amanatus; Ariani, Rizka
Biomedika Vol 17, No 2 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.12261

Abstract

Severe and potentially fatal complications can arise from COVID-19, especially when the immune system triggers an exaggerated inflammatory reaction. This study examines the possible relationship between serum levels of Interleukin-6, Procalcitonin and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Using a retrospective cross-sectional design, this study evaluated data from 71 patients hospitalized at RSUD Wates in 2021. Biomarker level differences between survivors and non-survivors were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression. IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in non-surviving patients and continued to serve as an independent predictor of mortality after adjustment. Conversely, while PCT levels were higher in non-survivors, they did not retain independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. IL-6 is crucial in forecasting severe outcomes, likely because of its role in cytokine storms and immune dysregulation. Initial IL-6 measurement may help detect patients at higher risk and support decisions regarding intensive care. Meanwhile, raised PCT levels require careful interpretation within the broader clinical picture. Additional research involving larger sample sizes and robust methodologies is required to determine the value of combined biomarkers in COVID-19 risk evaluation.
EFFECT OF DAHLIA TUBER INULIN EXTRACT ON THE THICKNESS OF THE THORACIC AORTIC TUNICA INTIMA-MEDIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS MODEL Natswa Deanra, Cantika; Ismawati, Ismawati; Saryono, Saryono; Juananda, Desby; Anggraini, Suci; Agung S, Timotius; Dayu Putri, Veni; Yanti, Sri; Dyna, Fitri
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Inulin is a natural polysaccharide that improves glucose metabolism and reduces cholesterol levels through the formation of short-chain fatty acids, which may contribute to preventing atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dahlia tuber inulin extract on the thickness of the thoracic aortic tunica intima-media (TIM) in T2DM-induced rats. A total of 20 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, T2DM, T2DM + 0.5 mg/gBW/day inulin extract, T2DM + 1.0 mg/gBW/day inulin extract, and T2DM + 1.5 mg/gBW/day inulin extract. T2DM induction was performed using 60 mg/kgBW streptozotocin and 120 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Measurement of TIM thickness was conducted using a Leica light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed no statistically significant differences among the groups (p = 0.051), although a decreasing trend in TIM thickness was observed at the 1.5 mg/gBW/day dose. In this context, dahlia tuber inulin extract demonstrated a tendency to reduce TIM thickness in T2DM-induced rats.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST OF NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN CONFIRMED COVID-19 POSITIVE PATIENT AT RSUD WONOSARI Arofiq, Muhammad Ariq Naufal; Linda Rosita; Mulyaningrum, Utami
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) biomarker is used as a parameter of inflammatory reactions which is also frequently evaluated in Covid-19. In Covid-19 patients, there is often an increase in NLR through the mechanism of lymphocyte exhaustion. This research to identify the performance of NLR in a diagnostic test for confirmed Covid-19 patients at RSUD Wonosari. This study is analytical observational through a cross-sectional approach. Sampling used a consecutive sampling technique. The target population was suspected Covid-19 patients. Data were analyzed by univariate, ROC curve, and diagnostic tests. A total of 75 suspected Covid-19 patients were found 33 male patients (44%), 42 female patients (66%), and the most aged> 55 years were 52 patients (69.3%). RT-PCR results found 57 patients were positive for Covid-19 (76%) and 18 patients were negative for Covid-19 (24%). ROC curve obtained AUC value 0.785 (p<0.05; 95% CI 0.662-0.907) with cut-off point NLR≥ 2.33, sensitivity 91.2%, specificity 50%, NPV 64.3%, PPV 85.2%, LR+ 1.81, and LR- 0.17. NLR can be an initial diagnostic tool for Covid-19.
HOSPITAL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS BASED ON QUALITY, QUANTITY, TIMELINESS, AND WORK EFFECTIVENESS DIMENSIONS: A CASE STUDY Fadhilla Syahputra, Zakka; Mufarrid, Hafidh Arum; Mochklas, Mochamad
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Optimal performance reflects individual effectiveness in task execution and directly contributes to the quality of services provided. This study aims to analyze how quality of work, quantity of output, timeliness, and work effectiveness influence employee performance at Griya Waluya Hospital Ponorogo in 2024. A quantitative correlational method was used, focusing on collecting and analyzing numerical data to determine the relationships between variables. The population includes all employees of the hospital 400 individuals, with 80 participants selected using quota sampling. Data were obtained through questionnaires, direct observations, and document analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The findings reveal that all examined dimensions work quality, workload, punctuality, and work efficiency significantly impact overall employee performance. These results suggest that improvements in each dimension can enhance staff performance outcomes. Therefore, hospital management is encouraged to continuously monitor and strengthen these aspects through targeted training, performance evaluations, and development programs aligned with key performance indicators (KPIs). This study contributes to performance management practices by emphasizing the importance of a balanced focus on various performance dimensions in health service institutions.
COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE BETWEEN COMBINED THERAPY AND ADDITIONAL CORTICOSTEROID INJECTIONS IN ADVANCED KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AT SITI KHODIJAH HOSPITAL Hefni, Muhammad Naufaldi; Wirashada, Brilliant Citra; Puspita, Eka Ari
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, stiffness, and functional decline, reducing quality of life. Objective:  This study compared the quality of life of advanced knee OA patients (Kellgren–Lawrence grade 3–4) receiving the combination of pharmacological and physiotherapy treatment alone and those who received the same combination with the addition of intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Methods: This research is a quantitative analytic observational study using cross-sectional collecting method involving 44 patients diagnosed in the year of 2023 with advanced knee OA at Siti Khodijah Sidoarjo Hospital. Data were collected through medical records and WOMAC questionnaires, and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and mean rank comparison between treatment groups. Results showed that the injection group had significantly lower WOMAC Scores (19.2 ± 14.0) compared to the non-injection group (35.07 ± 8.6) and p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of intra-articular corticosteroid injections significantly improves the quality of life in patients with advanced knee OA.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTITUBERCULOSIS POTENTIAL OF BASIL LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT USING THE RESAZURIN MICROTITER ASSAY (REMA) METHOD Setiadi, Nurlina; Lubis, Humairah Medina Liza; Syafina, Ikhfana
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge and is the second leading infectious cause of death. Indonesia ranks among the top three countries with the highest TB burden. Efforts to discover safer and more effective antituberculosis agents include exploring natural products such as basil (Ocimum basilicum), which contains antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Objective: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of basil leaf ethanol extract against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA). Methods: Basil leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and tested at concentrations of 2.5%, 1.25%, and 0.625%. Antimycobacterial activity was evaluated using REMA, with rifampicin as the positive control and untreated media as the negative control. Color change from blue to pink indicated bacterial growth. Results: All concentrations of basil extract produced a pink color, indicating continued bacterial growth, whereas rifampicin remained blue, confirming assay validity. The MIC of the extract was >2.5 µg/mL, indicating no inhibitory effect at the tested concentrations. Conclusion: Basil leaf ethanol extract did not inhibit M. tuberculosis H37Rv at the evaluated doses. Further research using higher concentrations, phytochemical profiling (LC–MS/GC–MS), and fractionation of active compounds is recommended to explore its potential antimycobacterial activity.
THE ROLE OF EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) IN IDENTIFYING EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS FOR BREAST CANCER: A NARRATIVE REVIE Karunia, Karunia; Paramita, Rafika Indah; Panigoro, Sonar Soni
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Advances in epigenetics, particularly through the Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) approach, have provided new opportunities to identify epigenetic biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and therapeutic monitoring. This narrative review aims to describe the role of EWAS in identifying DNA methylation biomarkers relevant to breast cancer and to highlight current methodological challenges. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords “EWAS,” “breast cancer,” “DNA methylation,” and “epigenetic biomarker,” focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2025. Findings indicate that EWAS can reveal methylation patterns associated with cancer risk, prognosis, and potential for noninvasive detection, with alterations detectable even before clinical onset. Several candidate biomarkers identified include methylation changes in genes such as BRCA1, RASSF1A, CDH1, and APC, as well as specific CpG sites associated with hormonal exposure and lifestyle-related risk factors. Despite technological advances in microarray platforms and bioinformatics, many studies still face issues such as cross-sectional design, cellular heterogeneity, and limited replication. These challenges highlight the need for standardized analytical pipelines, larger longitudinal cohorts, and multi-omics integration to improve the reliability and clinical applicability of EWAS findings. Nevertheless, with growing standardization and integration of multi-omics data, EWAS holds significant promise for advancing precision medicine toward more predictive and preventive breast cancer care
CANDIDA SPP. POSITIVE CULTURE IN PNEUMONIA PATIENTS: A SINGLE-CENTER STUDY AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SURAKARTA Maryani; Primaningtyas, Widana
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

The presence of Candida spp. in respiratory samples has long been considered colonization. Although the prevalence of Candida spp. in respiratory samples is quite high, the true incidence of Pneumonia Candida is only around 0.23-0.4%. Nevertheless, Pneumonia Candida significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Data for this study were collected from medical records using observational analysis with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained from patients isolate from July 2023 to June 2024, diagnosed with pneumonia with culture results identifying Candida spp. Factors that may increase the risk of Candida spp. infection were then identified. Data were processed using regression analysis techniques to identify the most influential factors. The regression analysis revealed that the length of hospitalization, patient age, and the use of other invasive devices were significant risk factors (p= 0.07; p= 0.001; p= 0.015), respectively. The Nagelkerke N square of the multiple logistic regression test was 50.5%.The findings from the research indicated that the duration of hospitalization, patient age, and use of invasive equipment had an influence on the incidence of positive Candida spp cultures in pneumonia patients..
SERIAL MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE USING THE AISYCARE_GULAMU APPLICATION FOR THE T2DM BACK-REFERRAL PROGRAM Mahdi, Bagus Aulia; Husein, Putri Purnamasari; Tirta, Andri; Rahmadinah, Natasya Bilqis Khayyil
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

T2DM is a major problem in health services in Indonesia through the NHI system. The determination of back-referrals frequently presents a contentious issue between BPJS-FKTP and FKTL. The AisyCare-GulaMU application is an Android-based tool designed for the IT-based monitoring of blood glucose levels in T2DM patients who are PRB. The research was performed on a retrospective cohort of NHI patients diagnosed with T2DM in an outpatient setting during the initial six months of 2025 with pre and post analysis glucose profile. There are significant reduction in blood glucose serial monitoring 1st to 2nd month (p=0.002), 2nd to 3rd month (p=0.027)  and hba1c after third month treatment (p=0.000). There also significant blood glucose(p=0.002) and hba1c (p=0.000) for group back referral and not to refer. The AisyCare-GulaMU application enables the assessment of patients' blood sugar levels on a monthly basis, facilitating the determination of subsequent service directions. The AisyCare-GulaMU application allows for effective monitoring of T2DM patients' treatment progress, enabling BRP to operate efficiently.
DYNAMIC LUMBOSACRAL RADIOGRAPH IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL LUMBOSACRAL RADIOGRAPH IN FINDING DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF THE LUMBAR SPINE Adzhani , Fityay; Hanafi, Muchtar; Irawan, Amelia Tjandra; Wujoso, Hari
Biomedika Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Biomedika February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

Degenerative lumbar spine disease is a leading cause of disability, reducing patient's quality of life. However, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the primary diagnostic modality, is not routinely feasible due to high cost and limited availability. Routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral plain radiographs remain inferior to MRI, highlighting the need for alternative modalities such as vertebral dynamic radiography (flexion-extension views) to assess intervertebral instability. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design analyzing 42 patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi (February 2019 - February 2020) with MRI-confirmed degenerative disease, the study compared findings of spondylolisthesis, vacuum disk phenomenon, osteophytes, and intervertebral space narrowing. Statistical analysis obtained p-value <0.05, demonstrating that dynamic radiographs possess higher sensitivity for detecting degenerative diseases of the spine than conventional views. Furthermore, the vacuum disk phenomenon was most prevalent in extension radiographs and least frequent in flexion. While osteophyte detection and intervertebral space narrowing remained consistent across both modalities, the dynamic study proved superior in assessing joint instability. The study concludes that there was a significant difference in the findings of spondylolisthesis on dynamic lateral radiographs and conventional lateral radiographs.

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