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Biomedika
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 20858345     EISSN : 25412582     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/biomedika
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Biomedika is one of the efforts of the Faculty of Medicine of University Muhammadiyah Surakarta to improve the academic atmosphere, as a publication of research results from lecturers and students. The existence of Biomedika is expected to enhance the activity and quality of research in medical and health fields as well as a reflection of the academic atmosphere. Biomedika is co-managed by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Kabupaten Sukoharjo.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 51 Documents
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Risk Factors for Early Weight Loss in Breastfed Term Infants: Biomedical Perspective Tolibin, Restu Triwulandani; Herdhiyanti Siwi, Dinar; Anggitaratri, Zakia Novi
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika Februari 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i1.8422

Abstract

Infants can lose some of their birth weight in the first weeks of life. Identification of the risk factors associated with breastfed infant weight loss in the few weeks following the birth can increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of this research was to determine the risk factors in breastfed full-term infants that cause early weight loss at a hospital. This study was retrospective study, which analyzes weight loss in breastfed term infants born between July 1, 2024, and October 31, 2024, at hospital in Boyolali, Central Java. A total of 194 infants were included in the study. The variables studied the maternal age, method of delivery, infant’s birth weight, infant’s gender, and maternal parity.  Pearson Chi-Square test was used to compar categorical data. Logistic Regression with the Backward Stepwise method was used to analyze multivariate data. Caesarean section was statistically significant risk factor for early weight loss in breastfed term infants that increases the chance of weight loss by 1.56 times. We concluded that caesarean section increased the chance of early weight loss in breastfed term infants.
COMPLICATIONS SURVEY OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Laksono, Sidhi; Kusharsamita, Hillary
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.3327

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the perspectives of interventional cardiologists, and the annual incidence of each PCI complications. This study is based on a cross-sectional analysis conducted using the Google Forms. The technique for determining the research subject used in this study was non-random sampling with purposive sampling technique. The anonymity and confidentiality of the information collected is highly prioritized. Annual PCI incidence rates are as follows: 100 (13%) 100–199 (13%), 200–299 (35%) 300 and above (38%). With a mean score of 5.56 on a scale from 0 to 10, participants are very concerned about the possibility of PCI complications. Coronary perforation is the most concerning complication of PCI (83%). Annually, coronary artery dissection occurred between once and five times (73%), coronary perforation occurred between once and five times (50%), and hemodynamic collapse was occurred at one to five times (60.9%). Further, 78.3% of participants never used covered stents, while 32% of participants used balloon tamponade at least one to five times each year. Participating interventional cardiologists in our research have concerns about possible PCI complications. Perforations, dissections, hemodynamic collapse, no-reflow, and entrapment equipment are complications that operators must be ready to identify and control.
EFFECT OF INULIN EXTRACT FROM DAHLIA TUBER (dahlia variabilis) ON CORONARY ARTERY HISTOPATHOLOGY IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) Hopi, Zikrilla mayuli; Ismawati, Ismawati; Saryono, Saryono; Romus, Ilhami; Putri, Veni Dayu; Yanti, Sri; Dyna, Fitri
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.3734

Abstract

Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is prevented by using inulin to increase glucose metabolism and reduce cholesterol synthesis. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze dahlia tuber inulin extract to determine the effect on coronary artery histopathology in type 2 DM rats. A total of 20 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control without treatment, DM, DM + 0.5 mg/gBW/day inulin extract, DM + 1 mg/gBW/day inulin extract, and DM + 1.5 mg/gBW/day inulin extract. Furthermore, DM induction was carried out by administering 60 mg/kgBB streptozotocin and 120 mg/kgBB nicotinamide. The results of coronary artery histopathology readings showed that the highest and lowest scores of atherosclerosis were in Groups II (0,91±0,17) and V (0,08±0,1), respectively. Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis test reported significant results (p<0.05), while Mann-Whitney test showed differences between control and DM, DM, and inulin groups (III, IV, V). In this context, the administration of dahlia tuber inulin extract to rats induced by Type 2 DM prevented atherosclerosis in histopathological image of coronary artery.
EVALUATION OF HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS, ERYTHROCYTE INDEX, AND MENTZER INDEX FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ANEMIA AND THALASSEMIA MINOR IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Fitrianingrum, Iit; Tejoyuwono, Agustina Arundina Triharja; Windarti, Wiwik
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.10566

Abstract

Introduction: Thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are two of the most common causes of microcytic anemia worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to analyze hematological parameters and apply the Mentzer Index among junior high school students in Pontianak, Indonesia, in order to identify suspected cases of thalassemia trait and IDA, and to assess the feasibility of using Mentzer Index as a preliminary screening tool in this setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 students (aged 13-17 years) who underwent complete blood count (CBC) testing. Parameters included hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and Mentzer Index. An MI <13 was interpreted as suggestive of thalassemia trait, while MI ≥ 13 indicated possible IDA or normal findings Results: Among the participants, 6 students (11,5%) had MI < 13, consistent with suspected thalassemia minor. Several others showed anemia with MI ≥ 13 and elevated RDW, suggestive of IDA. Girls were more frequently affected by anemia-related abnormalities. Overall, microcytosis (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromia (MCH <27 pg) and high RDW were commonly observed Conclusion: A notable proportion of students screened exhibited hematological indicators of thalassemia trait and IDA. The Mentzer Index, combined with CBC parameters, proved effective in initial differentiation. Early school-based screening is essential for timely diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling in at-risk populations.
EFFECTS OF HERBAL TEAS ON POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS): A LITERATURE REVIEW Zukri, Nurul Fatehah; Nordin, Noraziah; Azzeri, Amirah
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.10812

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, metabolic disturbances, and anthropometric abnormalities. In recent years, the use of herbal teas as supplemental treatments for PCOS symptoms has gained popularity among people with the condition. This literature review aims to determine the impacts of herbal tea consumption on anthropometric parameters, identifying its effects on metabolic indices, and describing its influences on hormonal profiles. A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of herbal teas such as spearmint, cinnamon, chamomile, red clover, and hibiscus. The review included both observational research and clinical trials. The findings suggest that spearmint demonstrates the strongest evidence particularly for hormonal modulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the available evidence is still inconsistent, with variations in study design, tea dosage, duration, and outcome measures. In conclusion, even though some herbal teas show potential as adjuvant therapy for PCOS, additional standardized research is required to prove the effectiveness of herbal teas and establish clear clinical recommendations.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS AND THE INCIDENCE OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS. Indriyani, Putri; Yuliyanasari, Nurma; Kartikasari, Irma; Irfana, Laily
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.11121

Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is microvascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes that can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Higher levels of blood pressure are known to be associated with an increased occurrence of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for blood pressure levels with the incidence of diabetic neuropathy. This approach used purposive sampling with a cross-sectional methodology. SPSS version 26 with the chi square test was used to analyze the data. This study involved 68 patient. Patient with diabetic neuropathy mostly female (23.8%), aged of 51-60 years (16.2%), have had diabetes for > 5 years (22.1%), consumed insulin or anti-diabetic medications orally (35.5%), have a history of hypertension (20.6%), and do not take antihypertensive drugs (20.6%). ccording to the findings of the ci-squre analysis, there was a significant correlation between the incidence of diabetic neuropathy and the level of blood pressure (p < 0.04). Patients who suffer from neuropathy diabetic had the most hypertension grade 1. Meanwhile, patients who do not had diabetic neuropathy mostly have optimal, normal and normal-high blood pressure. In conclusion, there is a correlation between the incidence of blood pressure levels and diabetic neuropathy.
PATELLAR HEIGHT EXAMINATION WITH VARIOUS METHODS ON GENU X-RAY: IN A SEARCH OF THE MORE PRECISE COMBINATION Astuti, Notariana Kusuma; Hanafi, Muchtar; Irawan , Amelia Tjandra; Adhie, Anistyaning Wahyu
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.11756

Abstract

Patellar height, which represents distance formed by the patella and the length of patellar tendon, can predict various knee joint problems. The Insall-Salvati (IS), Caton-Deschamps (CD), and Blackburne-Peel (BP) ratios are widely used to measure patellar height. Those methods conveyed various levels of variability and reproducibility. However, no method perfectly defines the true patellar height in relation to the tibiofemoral joint with high reproducibility and minimal variability. The study involved x-rays of 15 left-knee joints of Indonesian women across various ages without any history of knee injury. Patellar height was measured using the IS, CD, and BP methods (three times of measurement for each method). Patellar height was classified into infera, norma, and alta based on Indonesian measurement standard. The average measurement ratios were analyzed descriptively to obtain the conclusion. The IS ratio identified a patella norma in 14 subjects and a patella infera in 1 subject. The CD ratio indicated 12 subjects with a patella norma, 2 subjects with a patella alta and 1 subject with a patella infera. The BP ratio resulted in a patella norma in 8 subjects and a patella alta in 7 subjects. Discrepancies in the subgroups were varied. Patella norma from IS ratio confirmed by CD and BP ratios resulted in a percentage of 33%. The IS method combined with the CD method yielded a percentage of 67% with p(IS-CD) = 0.915. The combination of IS-BP and CD-BP methods yielded 53% with p(IS-BP) = 0.02 and 40% with p(CD-BP) = 0.052 respectively. The results show a method-dependent disparity in patellar height measurement. Single IS ratio provides a smaller percentage than its combination with CD or BP ratio. The combination with the highest percentage was obtained between IS and CD ratios. This study implied the measurement of patellar height precisely in various genu joint problems, such as predicting progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis, pain of the genu joint, and luxation or subluxation of the patella. A future study can involve a larger number of subjects.
CONCURRENT EXERCISE INTERVENTION AND ITS EFFECT ON HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS Badjuka, Muhammad Irfan; Bakar, Abu; Qona'ah, Arina
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.11981

Abstract

Hypertension remains a major global health challenge due to its strong association with cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. Lifestyle interventions, particularly physical activity, play a crucial role in managing hypertension. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effectiveness of concurrent training on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients. A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science) from 2020 to 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. 8 studies (one RCT and seven quasi-experiments) involving 571 participants were included. The interventions ranged from 4 to 30 weeks, with most using treadmill walking or cycling for aerobic training and free weights or machines for resistance training. The results showed that seven out of eight studies reported significant reductions in blood pressure. Additionally, concurrent training was associated with improvements in body composition, functional performance, and health-related quality of life. The physiological mechanisms underlying these benefits likely include improved endothelial function, enhanced nitric oxide availability, and increased baroreflex sensitivity. This review concludes that concurrent training is an effective, safe, and holistic intervention for blood pressure management in middle-aged hypertensive populations.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF DERSONO WATER APPLE LEAVES (SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE) AS A SUBSTITUTE THERAPY FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES INFECTIONS Rosyidah, Devi Usdiana; Mahmudah, Nur; Fithriyah, Sa’idatul; Sintowati, Retno
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.12007

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes caused different illnesses, including pharyngitis and dermatological infections. The Dersono water apple leavesSyzygium malaccense) are recognized for their bioactive ingredients, which may serve as antibacterial agents. This study purpose was to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol extract and acetone fraction of Syzygium malaccense against Streptococcus pyogenes infection. This research was a laboratory xperiment, a post-test only with control group design. Assessing growth inhibition by measuring the diameter of halo around the well of blood agar plate. Statistical tests using the Sapiro-Wilk test, Lavene test, Kruskal Wallis est and Mann-Whitney test. The study's findings demonstrated that the ethanol extract 25% (11.80 mm) and 50% (16.51) concentrations and acetone fraction of Dersono water apple leaves, at 25% (11.25 mm) and 50% (12.08) concentrations, had strong inhibitory power. The concentrations of 6.25% (8.15 mm) and 12.50% (9.63 mm), the ethanol extract's inhibitory power was superior than the concentrations of 6.25% (4.42 mm) and 12.50% (3.38 mm) acetone fraction, had moderate range. Both the ethanol extract and the acetone fraction's phytochemical analyses identified alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The conclusion was ethanol extract and acetate fraction of Dersono water apple leaves have antibacterial effects against Streptococcus pyogenes.
EFFECT OF KECOMBRANG ETHANOL EXTRACT (ETLINGERA ELATIOR) ON FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM BIOFILM DEGRAGATION Djati, Fanni Kusuma; Ichsyani, Meylida; Widodo, A. Haris Budi; Dewi, Aisha Tiara
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.12008

Abstract

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that plays a crucial role in periodontal disease progression through biofilm formation. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a traditional medicinal plant containing bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kecombrang extract on F. nucleatum biofilm degradation. This experimental study used ethanolic extracts from three parts of kecombrang (leaves, stems, and flowers) at concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.50, 25, and 50 mg/mL. F. nucleatum biofilm was formed and treated with various extract concentrations. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as positive control and DMSO 1% as negative control. Biofilm degradation percentage was measured using crystal violet assay at 490 nm wavelength. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA to evaluate the main effects of plant parts and extract concentrations, followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. All kecombrang extracts showed dose-dependent biofilm degradation activity. Flower extract demonstrated the highest efficacy with degradation percentages ranging from 36.37% to 86.22% at concentrations 1.56-25 mg/mL. Leaf extract showed degradation of 38.2—82.08%, while the stem extract achieved 34.00-80.22% degradation at the same concentration range. The MBEC50 values were 2.62 mg/mL for flower extract, 3.68 mg/mL for leaf extract, and 4.99 mg/mL for stem extract. Kecombrang extracts possess significant biofilm degradation activity against F. nucleatum, with flower extract showing the most promising results comparable to chlorhexidine positive control

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