International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports
International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports is an official journal of the Communication in Research and Publications (CRP) and publishes original research papers that cover the theory, practice, history, or methodology of Health, Medicine, and Sports (HMS). IJHMS will act as a platform to encourage further research in Health, Medicine, and Sports theory and applications. Public health science is a series of long history of human life and the environment, where developments throughout the world are related to one another. There are historical moments in the development of public health which are the initial milestones of the current development of public health science and technology. The history of public health in developed countries has a role in the development of public health science and technology in developing countries. Along with the development of the times and health sciences, the problems in procuring drugs are becoming increasingly complicated, both because of the formulas and the way the drugs are made. Therefore, technology is needed in the manufacture and compounding of drugs, both modern and traditional medicines. Regular exercise is highly recommended by health experts, this is because exercising can help reduce the risk of contracting several types of dangerous diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, and various other types of dangerous diseases. Some of the benefits of regular exercise include: Building and maintaining muscles and bones. Reducing the risk of chronic disease. Increases energy, good for healthy people or those suffering from various medical conditions. To support the development of health sciences, medicine and health sports, it is considered very important to continue to carry out research in the field of health sciences, medicine and health sports. The mission of the International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports (IJHMS) is to enhance the dissemination of knowledge across all disciplines in theory, practice, history, or methodology of Health, Medicine, and Sports. The above discipline is not exhaustive, and papers representing any other Health, Medicine, and Sports field will be considered. The IJHMS particularly encourage manuscripts that discuss the latest research findings or contemporary research that can be used directly or indirectly in addressing critical issues and sharing of advanced knowledge and best practices in Health, Medicine, and Sports. The essential but not exclusive, audiences are academicians, graduate students, researchers, policy-makers, regulators, practitioners, and others interested in Health, Medicine, and Sports studies. For ensuring a wide range of audiences, this journal accepts only the articles in English. Focus and Scope The International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports (IJHMS) is a peer-reviewed and open access scientific journal, managed and published by Communication in Research and Publications (CRP). The scope of the study includes: The scope of Public Health Sciences are: The science and art (tips) of preventing disease, prolonging life, improving physical and mental health and efficiency, through organized community efforts, for: Improving Environmental Sanitation, Combating Infectious Diseases, Personal Hygiene Education, Organizing Medical Services and Nursing for Early Diagnosis and Treatment, Development of Social Engineering to Ensure Everyone is Fulfilled with Decent Living Needs in Maintaining Their Health, and other relevant matters. The scope of Medicines are: Pharmacology has several sciences related to pharmacognosy, pharmacopeia pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapy, toxicology and pharmaceuticals, and other relevant matters. The scope of Sport Sciences are: Physical education has a scope that includes aspects of games and sports, development activities, gymnastic activities, rhythmic activities, water activities, outdoor education and health, and other relevant matters.
Articles
48 Documents
<![CDATA[Literature Review: The Relationship between Irregular Sleep Patterns and Cognitive Decline in College Students ]]>
<![CDATA[Jaizul , Alim]]>;
<![CDATA[Vera]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i2.215
<![CDATA[This literature review aims to examine the relationship between irregular sleep patterns and cognitive decline in college students. The method used is a systematic literature review of international scientific articles from 2008-2025 from reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results of the study showed that irregular sleep patterns are correlated with decreased academic performance, with an average decrease in GPA of 0.3 points. Students with poor sleep quality (PSQI score >8) showed 15% lower performance on working memory tests. One night of disturbed sleep reduces attention span capacity by 30%. A bidirectional relationship was found between irregular sleep patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.8-2.4), which had a negative impact on cognitive function. Morning light-based interventions increased the Sleep Regularity Index by 15% with an average increase in GPA of 0.2 points, while CBT-I reduced PSQI scores by 5 points and increased working memory by about 12%. Limitations of the study include the dominance of cross-sectional studies from Western countries. It is concluded that regular sleep patterns are a key factor in supporting brain health and academic performance in students. Higher education institutions need to integrate sleep health programs into student services.]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Drug Discovery: A Study of Opportunities and Barriers to Implementation ]]>
<![CDATA[Ibrahim, Riza]]>;
<![CDATA[Azkiyah, Hilda]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Corespub ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i2.216
<![CDATA[Drug discovery is a complex, lengthy, and costly process with a high failure rate, especially during clinical trials. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various stages of drug discovery by enabling faster and more accurate analysis of biological and chemical data. However, most AI models in this field operate as “black boxes,” where their decision-making processes are opaque and difficult to interpret. This lack of transparency poses significant challenges in terms of trust, validation, and adoption of AI-generated predictions in both clinical and regulatory settings. To address this issue, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a promising approach to improve the interpretability of AI models without compromising their predictive power. This study aims to systematically review the opportunities, challenges, and future directions of XAI implementation in drug discovery. Using a qualitative method with a systematic literature review approach, data were collected from reputable databases including Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2018 to 2024. The analysis identified five main themes: the role of XAI in molecular target identification, application of XAI in compound screening and molecular structure optimization, interpretation of drug toxicity predictions, challenges in XAI implementation, and future research directions. XAI techniques such as SHAP and LIME have proven useful in explaining AI model predictions, improving biological validation, and enabling more informed decision-making by scientists. However, significant challenges remain, including the trade-off between interpretability and accuracy, lack of universal standards, and the complexity of modeling biological systems. This study highlights the critical need for developing standardized interpretability frameworks, user-friendly interfaces, and collaborative environments between data scientists and healthcare professionals to foster XAI adoption in real-world drug discovery processes. Ultimately, XAI has the potential to increase transparency, trust, and efficiency, paving the way for safer and more effective therapeutic developments.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant Activity, Toxicity Test and Antimicrobal Test of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Extract Of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Java Chili (Piper retrofactum Vahl.) Leaves ]]>
<![CDATA[Djarot, Prasetyorini]]>;
<![CDATA[Pertiwi, Anindita Aulya]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulianita]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Fitria]]>;
<![CDATA[Safira, Nurul]]>;
<![CDATA[Firda, Varisa Yulia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.239
<![CDATA[P. retrofractum leaves are widely cultivated by the community to be used as traditional medicine, this is because of its secondary metabolite content which has several bioactive components such as steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and has pyhtol and piperine compounds as dominant compounds that have antimicrobial potential. This study aims to determine flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic test of P. retrofractum leaf extract. The extraction method used was Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) with 3 solvents of different polarity, namely n-Hexan, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol. Determination of flavonoid content using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method, determination of antioxidant activity using DPPH method and cytotoxic activity test using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Antibacterial activity test was conducted by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (KHM) and Diameter of Inhibitory Area (DDH). KHM test was done by agar dilution method, DDH test by disc paper diffusion method. The results of the extraction of P retrofractum leaves produce the highest yield is ethanol extract which is 9.92%. The result of determining the highest flavanoid content is 70% ethanol extract at 1.2702%. The strongest antioxidant activity is 70% ethanol extract with an IC 50value of 40.7475 ppm with a very strong category. The results of the cytotoxic test showed that the three types of extracts were toxic because they had LC50 less than 1000 µg/mL. The best KHM result for S. mutans is 10% n-hexane extract and 10% ethyl acetate and for Candida albicans is 5% n-hexane extract. The best DDH of S. mutans was 20% n-hexane extract with a value of 17.37 mm approaching Susceptible (Intermedate) and the best DDH of Candida albicans was obtained by 20% n-Hexan extract with an average DDH of 17.12 mm approaching Susceptible (Intermedate).]]>
<![CDATA[Bridging Gaps in Health Access Through Telehealth in Indonesia: A Literature Review Focused on Primary Care ]]>
<![CDATA[Okta, Setyo Luthfi]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaizul, Alim]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Corespub ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.240
<![CDATA[Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic nation, faces significant challenges in equitable access to healthcare services, particularly in remote areas. Telehealth presents a potential solution to bridge this gap, particularly in primary healthcare. This study aims to examine the effectiveness, accessibility, and readiness of Indonesia's primary healthcare system to adopt telehealth, based on a review of international and national scientific literature. The study results indicate that telehealth can improve service effectiveness by accelerating diagnosis, improving referral mechanisms, and interprofessional collaboration. Healthcare worker satisfaction also increases, particularly when supported by adequate digital infrastructure. However, telehealth adoption remains unequal, with users concentrated in urban areas and groups with high digital literacy. Other challenges identified include uneven digital infrastructure, inadequate healthcare worker training, and the absence of regulations guaranteeing data security and electronic medical record (EHR) interoperability. While there is potential for leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence to improve service efficiency, the success of this transformation depends on inclusive regulations and cross-sectoral leadership. Therefore, telehealth must be viewed not merely as a technological innovation, but as a tool for systemic transformation that requires readiness in infrastructure, regulations, human resources, and community participation.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effectiveness of GPS Trackers in Mapping Futsal Athletes' Movement Patterns as a Muscle Injury Prevention Strategy ]]>
<![CDATA[Putra , Deva]]>;
<![CDATA[Vera]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.241
<![CDATA[Futsal is a high-intensity sport characterized by frequent accelerations, sudden changes in direction, and limited playing space, which places athletes especially at the amateur level at increased risk of muscle injuries. This study explores the application of GPS tracker technology to map player movement patterns and analyze their relationship with muscle injury risk in amateur futsal athletes. A total of 10 amateur male players aged 18–25 participated in this four-week quasi-experimental study. Data was collected during training and match sessions using wearable GPS devices that recorded key metrics such as distance travelled, movement speed, acceleration, and positional heatmaps. Initial analysis revealed a concentration of player movement in the central and right-wing areas of the pitch, likely due to tactical preferences and dominant-foot usage. Based on this movement mapping, a targeted intervention program was developed, including muscle strengthening, active recovery protocols, and individualized load management. Comparative analysis between Week 1 and Week 4 showed significant improvements across physical performance parameters: total distance (+11.38%), maximum speed (+7.94%), average speed (+5.10%), and high-intensity accelerations (+33.33%). Recovery time also decreased by 21.43%, suggesting enhanced adaptation and resilience. The findings emphasize the potential of GPS-based monitoring not only for performance evaluation but also as a strategic tool for injury prevention. By identifying high-load zones and tailoring training to individual profiles, coaches can implement more effective conditioning and rotation strategies. This study supports the integration of GPS technology in amateur-level training environments to improve both performance outcomes and athlete safety.]]>
<![CDATA[Phytochemical Study of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by the Kurulu Village Community, Jayawijaya Regency, Papua ]]>
<![CDATA[Budiono, Ruly]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusmoro, Joko]]>;
<![CDATA[Aryani, Dian]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur’anifah, Reni]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukono]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.242
<![CDATA[This study explores the use of traditional medicinal plants by the community of Kurulu Village, Jayawijaya Regency, Papua. It aims to identify plant species, utilized plant parts, their phytochemical contents based on literature, and related medicinal uses. A descriptive-analytical method was applied through interviews, direct observation, and literature review. This study identified 38 medicinal plant species from 28 families utilized by the community in Kurulu Village, Papua. Various plant parts are used, with leaves being the most commonly utilized. These plants contain a range of phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and others that are effective in treating various diseases, from diarrhea to cancer. The methods of preparation include boiling, burning, pounding, steeping, squeezing, and in some cases, the plants are used directly without processing. These findings highlight the rich ethnobotanical knowledge preserved by the Kurulu community and underscore the potential of traditional medicinal plants for further pharmacological research and development.]]>
<![CDATA[Health Workforce Maldistribution and Physician Migration: Challenges to Rural Healthcare Access in Eastern Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuningsih, Siti Hadiaty]]>;
<![CDATA[Surya, Dhika]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Corespub ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.243
<![CDATA[Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic nation, faces long-standing inequality in the distribution of healthcare workers, particularly in its eastern regions such as Papua, Maluku, and East Nusa Tenggara. This study investigates the structural causes of health workforce maldistribution and the limited success of physician retention programs over the last decade. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study combines a systematic literature review, policy document analysis, and secondary data evaluation, including findings from recent Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) involving over 500 physicians. Results reveal that despite government programs like Nusantara Sehat and mandatory rural service, the national ratio of healthcare workers (3.84 per 1,000 population) remains below the WHO standard for Universal Health Coverage (UHC), and retention in remote areas is still critically low (<25% after two years). Regional disparities persist, with Papua and NTT suffering from the highest shortages up to 48% of community health centers lack doctors. The DCE findings confirm that non-monetary factors such as guaranteed safety, adequate hospital infrastructure, career development opportunities, and legal housing significantly influence physician retention, more so than financial incentives alone. Policy interventions remain fragmented and overly reliant on temporary placement incentives, without addressing systemic issues such as geographic isolation, weak intersectoral coordination, and limited rural training pathways. In response, the study recommends a shift toward holistic, long-term solutions, including CBME-based medical education, integrated specialist training in remote areas, expanded telemedicine capacity, and real-time health workforce planning systems. Addressing the maldistribution of healthcare workers is vital not only for equity in health access but also for national development. With coordinated, evidence-based policy reform, Indonesia has the potential to strengthen rural healthcare systems and accelerate progress toward its 2030 SDG and UHC targets.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of CTDIw and Effective mAs as Predictors of Effective Dose in Thoracic CT Examinations: A Retrospective Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Bilqis, Ayesha]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurhanivah, Devi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramdhani, Saumi Zikriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Soleh, Adeada Annisa Aulia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports ]]>
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DOI: 10.46336/ijhms.v3i3.245
<![CDATA[This study compared the association between weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw) and effective milliampere-seconds (effective mAs) with the effective dose (ED) received by patients during thoracic computed tomography (CT) examinations. Retrospective data from breast cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and processed using IndoseCT software to extract CTDIw, effective mAs, and ED values. Descriptive statistics, scatter plots, and simple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between these parameters. The correlation between effective mAs and CTDIw was moderately strong (R² = 0.6774), consistent with the principle that higher tube current–time settings generally increase scanner-reported dose indices. CTDIw and ED showed a very strong correlation (R² = 0.978), reflecting the close link between standardized dose metrics and estimated patient dose. The correlation between effective mAs and ED (R² = 0.7505) was stronger than that between effective mAs and CTDIw, but still lower than the CTDIw–ED correlation. These results indicate that, in this dataset, CTDIw was a more consistent predictor of ED than effective mAs. While both parameters are relevant for dose assessment, CTDIw may be a more reliable reference for estimating ED in similar thoracic CT protocols. Although this analysis was limited to retrospective data from a specific patient group, the findings provide practical insights that can support protocol evaluation and dose optimization strategies. Further studies involving larger and more diverse datasets would be beneficial to confirm and extend these observations.]]>
