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Bionature
Published by Universitas Negeri Makassar
ISSN : 14114720     EISSN : 26545160     DOI : 10.35580
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Bionature is a journal that contains writings based on the results of research, conceptual ideas, studies, and the implementation of the theory in the field of biology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Articles 80 Documents
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Characteristic of Oyster Mushroom Grown on Substrates Containing Paper Waste Joko Sulistyo; Soh Chin Quan; Lee Khaa Hwee
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

The aim of study was to determine the capacity of spawn of oyster mushroom and influence of substrates containing PW used to grow the mushroom and its properties related to nutritional value and antioxidant activity due to the use of paper waste (PW). The substrate was prepared based on 5 different formulations which were 0% (control), 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% PW. Preparation of seeds and spawn and mushroom cultivation technique was carried out manually using basic techniques of mushroom seeding and cultivation, while proximate analysis was carried out to analyze the content of fat, protein, moisture, and ash of the mushroom fruiting bodies, followed by analysis of heavy metals using AAS, and furthermore carried out extraction of bioactive compounds to analyze antioxidant activity using ABTS oxidizer. The physicochemical analysis was carried out to test the quality of the mushroom. Overall, the mushroom grown on the substrates containing 50% PW showed higher content of ash, protein, fat and crude fiber compared to the mushroom grown on other substrates with different composition of PW. However, the mushroom grown on the substrate contained 50% PW indicated considerably high content of heavy metals such as lead, (3.5%), copper (20.8%) and cadmium (4.4%), respectively, although, it showed the higher antioxidant activity (87.19%) as well compared to the mushrooms grown on the substrate containing a lower percentage of PW, thus giving a conclusion that there was probably positive correlation in between the heavy metals contained in PW with antioxidant activity.
Mini Review: Controlling of Blood Glucose Levels Utilizing Lactic Acid Bacteria Fatmawati Nur; Hafsan; Faten Khudair
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) interest promises a prospective dietary approach for enhancing the management of blood sugar levels in individuals diagnosed with diabetic and those presenting with pre-diabetic conditions. This review article summarizes the available evidence on the role of LAB in blood sugar regulation, focusing on the mechanisms underlying its effects and relevant research results. LAB supplementation has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in animal and human studies, as well as to reduce fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms underlying the effects of LAB on blood glucose control include improving insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammation, and improving intestinal barrier function. However, further supporting studies are needed to fully understand the optimal strain and dose of LAB for blood glucose control and to elucidate the mechanisms by which they exert their effects. Despite promising results, the safety and potential side effects of LAB supplements should also be carefully considered. Overall, this review highlights the potential of LAB as a dietary strategy for blood sugar regulation in individuals with diabetic and pre-diabetic.
Toxicity of Soursop (Annona Muricata L) Leaf Extract and Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) Leaf Extract to American Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana) Ryhan Sasdar; Syamsiah; Andi Mu'nisa
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

This study aims to determine the toxicity of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L) and patchouli leaf extract (Pogostemon cablin Benth) on the mortality of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The extract was prepared using the maceration method, using distilled water as a solvent. Soursop and patchouli leaf extracts with a concentration of 5% were sprayed as much as 2 ml on each American cockroach. The results of the study were cockroach mortality data for 1-120 hours with observations every 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. As for the results obtained, the administration of soursop leaf extract cockroach mortality at the 24th hour was 66.67% and at the 48th hour 100% cockroach mortality. Whereas in the administration of patchouli leaf extract cockroach mortality at the 96th hour was 66.67% and at the 120th hour 100% cockroach mortality. These findings hold promising prospects for future research and applications. They suggest the potential development of natural cockroach control methods, the investigation of underlying mechanisms, and the evaluation of ecological implications and safety for human use. Additionally, these extracts may have commercial applications as pest control agents or insect repellents, offering more sustainable alternatives to conventional pest control methods.
Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Void Water Post Coal Mining Relationship With Aquaculture Henny Pagoray; Komsanah Sukarti; Andi Nikhlani; M. Ma’ruf
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

Identification of the quality of void water after coal mining needs to be carried out in order to utilize the void as a place for fish farming. Identification of water quality, in the form of physical and chemical water. Physical and chemical parameters can influence the survival of cultivated biota, so research needs to be carried out to identify both physical and chemical water parameters related to aquaculture. The research method involves taking and measuring water samples in both in situ and ex situ settings. Measurements were carried out at three (3) sampling points, sampling four times. The parameters under observation include temperature, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), pH, brightness, dissolved oxygen (O2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). A descriptive analysis of water quality is conducted, and the results are compared against the quality standards outlined in the Provincial Regulations of East Kalimantan, specifically, Number 2 of 2011, which pertains to Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control (APPENDIX V, Class III). The results of the water quality analysis physically show that the temperature is 29.5 –31oC brightness 135 – 285 Cm, TSS 13.75 – 27.5 mg/L, Chemical pH 7.42 – 7.68, O2 4.26 – 4.84 mg/L, BOD 0.64 – 1.84 mg/ L, COD 2.96 – 5.93 mg/L, NO3 0.026 – 0.049 mg/L, NO2 0.002 – 0.006 mg/L, NH3 0.01 – 0.13 mg/L and H2S 0 – 0.0087 mg/ L. Both the physical and chemical water quality parameters conform to the standards established in the East Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2011, which focuses on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. As a result, the post-coal mining void water's condition, in both physical and chemical aspects, remains suitable for aquaculture.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Centella asiatica Leaf Extracts In a Variety of Solvents Erlin Saalino; Halifah Pagarra
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

Centella asiatica is a type of herbaceous plant that has many health benefits. This plant is a source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. This research aims to examine the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of 70% ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaf and the results of fractionation using 3 types of solvents with different polarities. Centella asiatica leaves were extracted by maceration method, then fractionation and phytochemical screening were carried out. The total phenolic content test was carried out using the Folin Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The yield of 70% ethanol solvent maceration, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and methanol fraction were 18.782%, 3.05%, 6.19%, and 92.46%, respectively. Phytochemical screening of 70% ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves contains flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, alkaloids and steroids. The nhexane fraction contains alkaloids, tannins, phenolics and triterpenoids. The ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, alkaloids and steroids. The methanol:water fraction contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and triterpenoids. The total phenolic content test of 70% ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and methanol:water fraction was 12.773 ± 0.479 mg GAE/g, 1.182 ± 0.124 mg GAE/g, 18.334 ± 0.305 mg GAE/g, and 10.211 ± 0.247 mgGAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and methanol:water fraction with IC50 values of 7.4 ppm, 2122.5 ppm, 45.6 ppm and 126 ppm.
Diversity of Sea Urchins on the Samboang Beach, Bulukumba District Endang Kurniati; Andi Mu'nisa Syamsu; Andi Faridah Arsal
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the diversity of sea urchins found in the waters of Samboang Beach, Bulukumba Regency. This research method uses a line transect method with a size of 1 m x 1 m. The data obtained was then identified, then analyzed using the diversity index (H'), evenness index (C) and dominance index (D). The results show that the number of sea urchin species found on Samboang Beach, Bulukumba Regency is 4 species consisting of Echinometra oblonga, Echinometra mathaei, Echinometra viridis, and Diadema setosum. The sea urchin diversity category is classified as medium, namely 1.25. The dominance index is relatively low, namely 0.31, and the evenness index is relatively stable, namely 0.903.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Arabian Bidara Leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi L) and Bioautography TLC Analysis Against Pathogenic Bacteria Herlina Rante; Marni Pabisa; Burhanuddin Taebe
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

The Ziziphus spina-christi L. plant, commonly known as Arabian bidara, are rich in potentially health-beneficial compounds, particularly those with antibacterial properties. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an ethanolic leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The leaves were subjected to maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by an assessment of their antibacterial properties using the agar diffusion method. Subsequently, the active extract was analyzed through bioautography using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and its phytochemical spotted was screened. The results of the antibacterial activity using the ethanolic leaf extract revealed that it exhibited antibacterial activity when applied at a concentration of 2 mg per paper disk. Subsequently, it showed inhibition zones with diameters of 19.44 mm for Bacillus subtillis; Escherichia coli (17.06 mm); Staphylococcus aureus (16.32 mm); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.96 mm), and Salmonella typhi (14.50 mm). The TLC-bioautography analysis of the ethanolic leaf extract demonstrated inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtillis of Rf value with 0.96, Escherichia coli (0.31) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.89). However, no inhibitory activity was observed against Salmonella typhi. The phytochemical screening results suggested the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins in the ethanolic leaf extract.
The Effect of Citronella Oil and Sesame Oil Emulsion Coating on The Quality and Storability of Mangoes (Mangifera Indica L.) Taufik Rahman; Tri Suwandi; Rena Adelia Suryani; Anisa Maharani; Chairani Azahra; Gunawan; Lu’lu’ Lathifatuzzakiyyah; N Sarah Sri Wahyuni; Nurul Annisa
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

One of the most promising agricultural commodities is the cultivation of mangoes. One way that can be used tomaintain the quality and freshness of the fruit in a simple way is to do an emulsion coating. The purpose of thisresearch was to determine the effect of citronella oil and sesame oil emulsion coating on the quality and storabilityof mango (Mangifera indica L.). The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)with two factorial treatments and controls. The first factor was citronella oil under a concentration of 0.5% and1%. The second factor is sesame oil under a concentration of 0.5% and 1%. The two oils were combined in theemulsion into three treatment combinations, namely S0W2, S2W0, and S1W1. The parameters measured in theobservations were hardness, damage, and glucose levels in the fruit. The results showed that the level of hardnessof mangoes decreased in the four treatments. Then it was found that there was an effect of delaying the maturityof the fruit with the S1W1 treatment because it was not damaged like the other treatments. While glucose levelsin the fruit have increased due to the ripening process. Coating treatment with a ratio of citronella oil concentrationof 0.5% to 0.5% sesame oil is the most effective treatment combination in maintaining quality and shelf lifebecause this treatment can delay damage to mangoes.
Phytoremediation Ability of Ornamental Plants Celosia argantea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L. in Plumbum (Pb) Contaminated Soil Juhriah; Dian Islamiah; Muh. Ruslan Umar
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

Plumbum or lead is a type of heavy metal that is dangerous if it has exceeded the threshold of 0.07 μg/g based onthe National Standardization Agency SNI 2004. This type of heavy metal is found in nature such as in soil, water,and air. The purpose of the study was to determine the phytoremediation ability of two types of ornamental plants,namely Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L., against Plumbum (Pb) metal in soil. The growth parametersobserved consisted of plant height, plant stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width. The ICPMS(Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the plumbum (Pb) content in soil andplants. The results ofinitial soil analysis prior to the plant planting process (phytoremediation) were 103.17 μg/gwhich had exceeded the predetermined threshold. The result of the analysis after phytoremediation of Celosiaargentea L. showed plumbum (Pb) content of 49.685 μg/g in soil and 1,9548 μg/g in plants. Similarly, the analysisof Ph content after phytoremediation of Mirabilis jalappa L. was 47.802 μg/g in soil and 5.3077 μg/g in plants.Based on biomass calculation of Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L., the obtained Plumbum (Pb) contentwas 18.84% and 27.85%, respectively. The percentage of Pb removal of Celosia argentea L. was 51.842%, whileMirabilis jalappa L. was 53.667%. The efficiency of Pb absorption of Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappaL. was 1.895% and 5.145%, respectively. In conclusion, Ornamental plants Celosia argentea L., and Mirabilisjalappa L., are able to act as phytoremediation agents for Plumbum (Pb) metal that pollutes the soil as evidencedby the decrease in Pb levels in the soil after the phytoremediation process.
Characterization and Identification of Chemical Functional Groups in Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Broth added with Vegetables and Spices Siti Maulyda Ayu MZ; Halifah Pagarra; Irma Suryani Idris Langi'; Oslan Jumadi; Hartati
Bionature Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

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Abstract

Adding the nutritional content of broth powder without destroying the distinctive taste of the broth can be doneusing pure mushroom extract and additional vegetables and spices. This study aims to determine the organolepticcharacteristics and identify the chemical functional groups of glutamic acid in the best samples of oyster mushroombroth powder added with vegetables and spices. The results of the organoleptic test were tabulated in a table andthen analyzed using a descriptive test. The organoleptic characteristics of the best color parameters were intreatment B1 which had a pale white color. The best treatment of aroma, texture, and taste parameters were foundin the B2 treatment with a characteristic aroma of typical broth, fine powder texture, and has a distinctive taste ofbroth. The identification of the functional groups of secondary metabolites using the Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) instrumentation. Identification results with FTIR showed absorption at wave number (cm-1): 3419.74,2934.62, 1639.56, 1409.70, 1055.55. There is N-H, O-H, C-H, C=O carbonyl group and carboxylic C-O, whichidentify the presence of amide compound, phenol acid, alkane, aldehydes, amid I and carboxylic acid, which areknown as glutamic acid in this sample.

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