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Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Published by Universitas Pakuan
ISSN : 27761711     EISSN : 27764508     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33751/helium.v4i2
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry is a peer-reviewed journal on chemistry that encompasses all branches of chemistry (Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry) and applied chemistry (Material Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Natural Products Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, etc.), except educational chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 18 Documents
 1   2 
Electrochemical Oxidation of Methylene Blue Using Carbon Electrode from Battery Waste Supwatul Hakim; Tety Wahyuningsih Manurung; Dwi Hermayantingsih; Mokhamat Ariefin
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.4

Abstract

Methylene blue in the environment can disrupt the ecosystem because it does not decompose easily. Therefore, this research aims to oxidize methylene blue using an electrochemical oxidation method. The electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue was successfully carried out using carbon electrodes from battery waste. The influence of pH value and electrolysis time was successfully investigated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the decreased absorbance (DA(%)) was also analyzed. Based on the results, the optimum pH for electrochemical oxidation with a carbon electrode is at pH 1. It was possible to reduce the absorbance at this pH with a decreased absorbance of 56%. There was a decrease in absorption in the UV and visible regions. The optimum time for methylene blue electrochemical oxidation was 15 minutes, with a decreased absorbance percentage at 100%. The electrochemical oxidation method is simple and easy to use. This finding can be an excellent and effective wastewater treatment method.
Fabrication and Characterization of Syringe Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Measurement Anom Cahyotomo; Mohammad Jihad Madiabu; Arie Pratama Putra; Ardina Purnama Tirta; Imas Solihat; Dicky Annas
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.5

Abstract

This study aims to fabricate and characterize a syringe carbon paste electrode (SCPE) using K3Fe(CN)6 10 mM solution with cyclic voltammetry technique. Characterization is performed by varying pH (pH 4, 7, and 10) and scan rate (30 - 100 mV/s) so that the characteristics of SCPE can be observed. The K3Fe(CN)6 10 mM solution test results at various pH variations obtained the largest anodic peak current (Ipa) at pH 10 was 44.75 µA. The scan rate results at various pH showed linear results with the diffusion coefficient of 1.77 x 10-6 cm2/s, 1.65 x 10-6 cm2/s, and 2.50 x 10-6 cm2/s with r values of 0.9994, 0.9975, and 0.9992 for pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10 respectively. This indicated that a diffusion process controlled this system's mass transfer in various pH. The detection of nitrite ions at a concentration of 2 mM showed a clear oxidation peak, with the highest Ipa value of 61.28 µA in pH 7 buffer solution.
A Study on the Addition of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L) to Reduce Goaty Odor in Goat Milk-Based Yogurt Annisa Desfi; Della Rosalynna Stiadi; Nurul Aulia; Rahma Dika Aulia Nasution
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.6

Abstract

This study aimed to reduce the goaty odor in goat milk yogurt by adding sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L). Yogurt was prepared with varying concentrations of sweet orange: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (v/v). The yogurt characteristics analyzed included organoleptic properties, pH, lactic acid, protein, and moisture content. Results showed that adding 15% sweet orange was most effective in reducing goaty odor and increasing consumer preference. The yogurt pH remained stable at 4, while lactic acid content increased to 1.35% compared to the control (1.26%). Protein content decreased with increasing orange concentration, while moisture content increased. This study concludes that adding sweet oranges effectively reduces the goaty odor in goat milk yogurt, although attention should be paid to the decrease in protein content. These findings open opportunities for developing more appealing goat milk yogurt products for Indonesian consumers.
Conductive Electrospun Nanofibers in The Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Idarubicin Hamed Khorami; Mahsa Abbasi; Sepideh Geravand; Faeze Abbasi; Elham Arkan
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.7

Abstract

The study reports the manufacturing of innovative electrochemical sensors using iron oxide ceramic nanofibers  (Fe₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃) and polyether sulfone nanofibers (PES) to detect idarubicin in blood with sensitive and selective detection. The hybrid nanofiber matrix offers high surface area, excellent conductivity, and synergistic electrocatalytic properties, ideal for detecting idauricin in complex biological matrices. The sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range and remarkable sensitivity. The detection limit was suitable, indicating its ability to detect idarubicin at subclinical concentrations. The device showed excellent selectivity and minimal interference from biological analytes, ensuring reliable performance in blood samples. Repeated experiments measured a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.7%, while the repeatability of the independently manufactured sensor showed an RSD of 1.7%, demonstrating the robustness of the manufacturing process. Integrating Fe3O4/Fe2O3 ceramic nanofibers with PES offers a novel approach to overcoming the challenges of electrode and biofouling in blood. The sensor showed high recovery rates in human blood samples, confirming its application in clinical diagnostics. This paper presents a cost-effective and scalable method for constructing hybrid nanofiber electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The result highlights the potential of Fe3O4/Fe2O3-PES nanofibers as a platform for developing next-generation point-of-care devices for monitoring chemotherapy drugs.
Evaluation of Nutrition and Acceptability of Cookies Substituted with Millet Flour and Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea) Sotya Rawiningtyas; Hanafi; Nurhasanah; Tarich Majid Harsandi; Anisya Repika Sari; Dira Ekaputri; Isna Nur Hasanah; Muhammad Khaedar; Rudiansyah
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.9

Abstract

Cookies that are circulated in the community are generally made from wheat flour that is high in gluten. In addition, the high sugar content increases the risk of consumers to various metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to develop substituted cookie products and use natural ingredient extracts as natural additives that can improve the biological function of food so that cookies can be designed as functional foods in the future. This study aimed to determine the effect of substituting wheat flour with millet flour on cookies' acceptability, water, protein, and carbohydrate content. In this study, wheat flour raw materials were substituted using millet flour (50:50, 70:30, and 100:0). Butterfly pea flower extract was added to the cookie dough, and then proximate analysis and acceptance tests were carried out. The water content of substituted cookies was higher than the standard. The protein content of cookies substituted with millet flour is still by SNI standards. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate content per serving of substituted cookies is lower (51.78%) than standard cookies (70%). Meanwhile, the hedonic test showed that the substitution of millet flour (50:50) was still within the normal acceptance range according to SNI standards. Based on chemical content tests and acceptance tests, it is known that the substitution of millet flour with a composition of 50:50 still meets the biscuit criteria based on SNI.
The Effect of Ethanol Polarities on Tannin Content of Persea americana Mill Seeds Extract Using Gelatin Precipitation Method Sri Wardatun; Siti Mahyuni; Jeni Sri Mulyani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v4i2.10

Abstract

Persea americana Mill (avocado) seed waste contains tannin compounds with several benefits and high economic value. Tannin is a natural compound widely used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. The difference in concentration of ethanol causes polarity differences. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of tannin extraction from avocado seed using different concentration polarities of ethanol as a solvent. The dry powder of avocado seed was macerated in ethanol at concentrations of 30, 50, 70, and 96% for 72 hours, respectively. The gelatin precipitation method was applied to determine the tannin content in each extract; absorbance was read using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis, and the Folin Ciocalteu reagent was added to the avocado seed extract before spectrophotometer measurement. The results show that the polarity of ethanol has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the yield extract and tannin level in each extract. The extract yield and tannin content in avocado seed extracted with 30, 50,70 and 96% ethanol were 21.47%, 26.70%, 30.40%, and 47.67%, while the tannin content was 32.27 mg/g, 50.58 mg/g, 60.94 mg/g, and 85.30 mg/g respectively. The highest extract yield and tannin content are found in avocado seed extracted with 96% ethanol, which has lower polarity. It can be concluded that 96% ethanol is the best solvent to extract tannin from avocado seeds.
The Potential of Isoniazid Derivatives as Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs targeting 6MA8: In Silico Study Muhammad Yogi Saputra; Atthar Luqman Ivansyah; Nabila Aprilia Maharani; Rahmat Kurniawan; Refsya Azanti Putri; Irham Fauzi Abshar
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v5i1.13

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoniazid, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, remains one of the most crucial first-line medications in TB therapy. Enhancing TB treatment strategies can be achieved through structural modifications of existing drugs. This study investigates the potential of isoniazid derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents targeting the CYP3A4 protein complexed with a small-molecule inhibitor (PDB ID: 6MA8) and evaluates their toxicity profiles using in silico methods. The ligands analyzed include isoniazid derivatives 1–5, with isoniazid as a reference compound and protoporphyrin as the native ligand. The structure of ligands was prepared using Avogadro software and optimized with ORCA software. The crystal structures of 6MA8 were retrieved from the PDB database and further validated using YASARA. In silico methods such as molecular docking and ProTox prediction were employed to evaluate the potential of these isoniazid derivatives as anti-TB drugs. The interactions were visualized using Biovia Discovery to assess the interaction between the isoniazid derivatives and the receptor. The results showed derivative 4 exhibited the lowest binding affinity (-71.56 kcal/mol) compared to isoniazid (-65.90 kcal/mol), derivative 1 (-63.65 kcal/mol), derivative 2 (-67.01 kcal/mol), derivative 3 (-67.37 kcal/mol), derivative 5 (-69.02 kcal/mol), and native ligand (-182.68 kcal/mol). Biovia Discovery Studio simulations indicated that the isoniazid derivatives interacted with 6MA8 via conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, and other interactions. The toxicity analysis showed that the derivatives had safe LD50 values, supporting their safety profiles. These results suggest that isoniazid derivatives have promising potential as anti-tuberculosis agents targeting 6MA8.
Optimization of Bacterial Cellulose-Quercetin Biocomposite Synthesis Using The Ex-Situ Method and Its Application as an Antibacterial Agent Riza Apriani; Gania Ningsih Noer Fajrianti
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v5i1.14

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose is a natural polymer synthesized by bacteria, possessing significant potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. However, it lacks inherent antibacterial properties, necessitating modification with additional materials. Quercetin, a flavonoid compound, is known for its pharmacological activities, including antibacterial effects by disrupting bacterial cell walls. This study aims to identify the antibacterial activity of bacterial cellulose-quercetin biocomposite by optimizing the concentration and modification time, and to characterize their functional groups. Bacterial cellulose was modified using an ex-situ method by immersing it in quercetin solution. Antibacterial testing was performed using the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results indicated that the optimal bacterial cellulose-quercetin biocomposite was achieved at a concentration of 6% with a modification time of 48 hours, showing excellent antibacterial properties with inhibition zones of 18.5 mm for S. aureus and 18 mm for E. coli. FTIR analysis confirmed the main functional groups of cellulose (O-H, C-H, and C-O-C glycosidic bonds) in both bacterial cellulose and the composite, showing no significant changes after immersion in distilled water. This suggests that quercetin binds strongly to the bacterial cellulose matrix, resulting in a stable biocomposite with potential as an effective antibacterial material, such as for wound healing.
The Effect of pH on Adsorption Capacity Based on the Ionic Imprinted Polymer-Cd(II) Method Nur Anisa Pungkasari; Maria Monica Sianita
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v5i2.16

Abstract

Population growth and technological advancement in Indonesia have contributed to increasing environmental pollution, particularly from industrial waste containing heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd²⁺). This pollution poses serious health risks as cadmium can enter the food chain through aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, effective separation methods are required to remove cadmium from water bodies. One such method is the use of Ionic Imprinted Polymer (IIP), which offers high selectivity toward specific metal ions. This study aimed to determine the adsorption capacity of cadmium using the IIP method, synthesized via precipitation polymerization, over pH values ranging from 3 to 8. CdCl₂ was used as the ion template, combined with Na₂EDTA as a chelating ligand, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator. Characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the functional groups and confirm template removal, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe surface morphology. Adsorption performance was tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The IIP showed a specific absorption at 520 cm⁻¹ (Cd–O stretch), confirming the presence of cadmium-binding sites, and exhibited a porous morphology, unlike the dense structure of the blank polymer. The results showed that the optimum adsorption of Cd²⁺ occurred at pH 6, with an adsorption capacity of 4.47 mg/g, which was higher than that of the non-imprinted polymer (3.08 mg/g at pH 4). The improved adsorption performance at pH 6 is attributed to the predominance of the deprotonated EDTA form (Y⁴⁻), which forms a stable complex with Cd²⁺ (Kf ≈ 10¹⁶.⁵), thereby enhancing selective adsorption. These findings confirm that IIP-Cd is an effective material for cadmium removal from aqueous environments, with pH playing a critical role in optimizing adsorption capacity.
Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coffee Bean Skin to Reduce BOD in Liquid Waste from Rambak Cracker Industry Beby Putri Rahayu; Amaria
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v5i2.17

Abstract

Liquid waste from the rambak cracker industry in Tulungagung primarily contains organic compounds that can lead to high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the characteristics of activated carbon from coffee bean skins synthesized from coffee bean skins with different concentrations of H3PO4 activator. 2) to determine the effect of activated carbon mesh size on BOD levels of liquid waste from the Rambak Cracker Industry. Activated carbon from coffee bean skins was synthesized with H3PO4 as an activator at 5, 10, and 20% concentrations, with a 200-mesh size. The synthesis results were compared with liquid waste from the rambak cracker industry to determine the difference in BOD levels. The quality of activated carbon was analyzed in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995, including water content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, iodine absorption capacity, and functional groups. The results of the characterization of 200 mesh coffee bean skin activated carbon obtained water content of 5.00; 5.04; 5.18%, ash content of 3.37; 3.28; 2.62%, volatile matter content of 37.78; 36.67; 35.08%, bound carbon content of 53.85; 55.01; 57.12% and iodine absorption capacity of 998.51; 1011.21; 1023.9 ​​mg/g. The results of functional group identification by FTIR showed that the functional groups detected in activated carbon were aliphatic CH, C=O, C-C, C=C, and C-O. BOD levels before and after contact with activated carbon were 2841.15 and 355.23 mg/L. The study concluded that 200-mesh coffee bean skin-activated carbon with a 20% H3PO4 activator can reduce BOD levels in liquid waste from the Rambak cracker industry by 87.5%.

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