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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 414   415   416   417   418 
Short Communication: Biological control of Meloidogyne javanica by Pasteuria penetrans and Trichoderma harzianum on tomato plants ‪Hamood M Saleh‬; Ahmed Fawzi Shafeeq; Maher A Khairi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240221

Abstract

Abstract. Saleh HM, Shafeeq AF, Khairi MA. 2023. Short Communication: Biological control of Meloidogyne javanica by Pasteuria penetrans and Trichoderma harzianum on tomato plants. Biodiversitas 24: 847-851. This study was to determine the efficiency of Pasteuria penetrans and Trichoderma harzianum to control root-knot nematodes on tomato plants. To assess the biocontrol efficiency and the threshold level of spores/J2 for mass propagation of P. penetrans, four different levels of spores load on second-stage juveniles (J2) (1-3, 4-8, 9-14 and 15-25 spores/J2) were tested, Results showed that levels 9-14 and 15-25 spore/J2 achieved the best significant reduction in root gall index and the number of eggs/g root which were 2.4, 1.8, 1726 and 563, respectively as compared to the other treatments and control. It was also observed that 15-25 spores/J2 were more efficient (0.05) in reducing the number of eggs, females in the root and the number of J2 in 250 g of soil compared with other treatments. The addition of 2 g of bacterial inoculum at 3 and 7 days before transplanting gave the best result in reducing root gall index and the number of eggs/g root as it reached 2.0, 161 eggs and 1.4, 78 eggs compared with other treatments. The best day for the application of T. harzianumto reduce infection of root-knot nematodes was 7 days before transplanting at a level of 4 g as compared with other treatments. A significant reduction was observed in the root gall index (2.0) and the number of eggs (885 eggs) compared to the treatment of level of 2 gm of the fungal inoculum and M. javanicatreatment, which were 2.8, 1352 eggs and 4.6, 11317 eggs.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels against a fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila DINI SISWANI MULIA; RAIH RAICHA; CITRA PUSPANING LUNGGANI; SISKA NUR ERINA; JULI ROCHMIJATI WULIANDARI; CAHYONO PURBOMARTONO; ALIM ISNANSETYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240155

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Raicha R, Lunggani CP, Erina SN, Wuliandari JR, Purbomartono C, Isnansetyo A. 2023. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels against a fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 24: 481-485. Aeromonas hydrophila is the most virulent bacteria for almost all freshwater fish species. One method to control pathogenic bacteria in fish should be safe and environmentally friendly, including utilizing natural wastes such as banana peels (Musa paradisiaca), cassava peels (Manihot esculenta), and pineapple peels (Ananas comosus). These natural wastes contain bioactive compounds. Their utilization increases the waste value. This study aims to determine the potential of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel waste as an antibacterial against A. hydrophila, a causing agent of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in freshwater fish. Parameters observed included phytochemical compounds, MIC, and MBC values of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels. Phytochemical screening was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and foam test. The microdilution method carried out the antibacterial activity of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel against A. hydrophila. It determines the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Phytochemical screening results showed that banana, cassava, and pineapple peel extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The MIC values of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel extract were 600, 400, and 200 µg/mL, respectively. The MBC values of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peels were 4 × MIC, 2 × MIC, and 1 × MIC, respectively. Extract of pineapple peel exhibited better antibacterial activity than banana and cassava peels. However, the three waste extracts indicated the antibacterial potential to be developed as natural bactericides to control A. hydrophila bacterial disease.
Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions NURLAILI HABIBI DANATA; NURUL AINI; CICIK UDAYANA; ADI SETIAWAN; WIWIN SUMIYA DWI YAMIKA; RYO PRAMBUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240657

Abstract

Abstract. Danata NH, Aini N, Udayana C, Setiawan A, Yamika WSD, Prambudi R. 2023. Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions. Biodiversitas 24: 3574-3582. Cymbopogon nardus L. is a perennial aromatic plant distinguished for producing one of the world's most vital essential oils, citronella. This plant requires abounding sunlight to maximize the growth and quality of essential oils. The development of citronella can be implemented with an agroforestry system as an intercrop. However, the deterring factor restricting the propagation of citronella as an intercrop in agroforestry systems is the unavailability of adequate sunlight, consequently deteriorating the growth and quality of essential oils. This study investigated three varieties of C. nardus, i.e., Seraiwangi 1, Sitrona 1 Agribun, and Sitrona 2 Agribun, at distinctive shade proportions, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shade. The examined parameters included the growth, physiological responses, yield, and quality of essential oils, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Results demonstrate that the various types and shade percentages affect most examined parameters. The Seraiwangi 1 variety grown under 0% and 25% shade had nearly the same value, while the Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties continued to experience declines ranging from 0%, 25%, 50%, to 75%. Nevertheless, shade extensively influences physiological responses such as photosynthetic rate and stomata width, and contrastingly there was a cipher effect on the stomata length. In the yield parameters, the oil concentration declined with the increase in shading percentage. The Seraiwangi 1 delivered superior quality of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol compared to Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties.
Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer MILDAWATI MILDAWATI; SOBIR SOBIR; SULISTIJORINI SULISTIJORINI; TATIK CHIKMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240841

Abstract

Abstract. Mildawati, Sobir, Sulistijorini, Chikmawati T. 2023. Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer. Biodiversitas 24: 4589-4596. Davallia is a member of the family Davalliaceae, which has a wide distribution in the Malesia region. The classification of this genus based on morphological and molecular data shows differences that cause the relationship among species to be debated until now. This study aimed to examine the phylogeny of Davallia from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia based on trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence data. A total of 26 accessions representing 10 Davallia species were selected as ingroup and Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl as an outgroup was downloaded from Gen-Bank (accession number KF667613.1). Data analysis using the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method confirmed Davallia into 2 clades with divided into 7 subclades. Results showed that trnL-F IGS sequence as a non-coding gene explains the grouping species in Davallia. trnL-F IGS sequence can estimate species identity caused by changes in nucleotide bases from mutation. The MP analysis showed each species was resolved as monophyletic. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the longest branching was found in D. corniculata, suggesting that this species is the most primitive in the genus of Davallia in this region. Thus, the trnL-F marker effectively showed the relationship among species in Davallia in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands.
Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves DEBI ARIVO; NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK; IMAN RUSMANA; IRMANIDA BATUBARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240148

Abstract

Abstract. Arivo D, Mubarik NR, Rusmana I, Batubara I. 2023. Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves. Biodiversitas 24: 415-422. Girang (Leea indica) is one of the medicinal plants with various bioactive compounds that act as an antioxidant. However, isolating these bioactive compounds need a significant amount of biomass. Endophytic bacteria can be a good solution to produce the same bioactive compounds as their host. This study determined whether the potential isolate produces high antioxidant activity in various solvents, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and identification of the isolate. The BT4 isolate was isolated from L. indica leaves. The supernatant of BT4 was extracted in fractionated extraction. The antioxidant activity was determined using a DPPH assay. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods analyzed the total flavonoid and phenolic content. The isolate was identified using the 16S rRNA method. The best IC50 was obtained from n-butanol extract with a value of 59.021±0.541 ?g/mL. The flavonoid and phenolic contents from n-butanol extract have the value of 4.686±0.476 mgQE/g extract and 31.406±0.716 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. The BT4 isolate contained flavonoids, saponin, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids and was identical to Bacillus tequilensis with 99% similarity. This study revealed that endophytic bacteria from L. indica leaves could be a potential source of the novel natural antioxidant compound.
Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application MURNI DWIATI; PUDJI WIDODO; AGUS HERY SUSANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240756

Abstract

Abstract. Dwiati M, Widodo P, Susanto AH. 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas 24: 4168-4174. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. is a pitcher plant species at a higher risk of extinction mainly due to overexploitation. Previous investigations have shown that in vitro micropropagation can be used as an approach for ex-situ conservation of N. mirabilis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the new shoot formation of N. mirabilis under in vitro conditions stimulated with the application of flurprimidol and GA3. The three concentrations of flurprimidol and GA3 used as treatments were arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with internodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 serving as blocks. Based on the results, F1G0 (flurprimidol of 1 mgL-1 without GA3) had the highest shoot formation, which was not accompanied by sufficiently high contents of chlorophyll, leading to improper shoot development. Despite the smaller number of newly formed shoots in F2G2 (flurprimidol of 2 mgL-1 and GA3 of 2 mgL-1), significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed, enabling better development of shoot. Leaf length and shoot diameter also showed similar results under F2G2, indicating that higher concentrations of exogenous GA3 were necessary for better shoot development. This indicated that appropriate concentrations of both plant growth regulators should be applied for micropropagation of N. mirabilis in support of ex-situ conservation.
Short Communication: Notes on a new distribution record of the Critically Endangered Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo Jephte Sompud; Nurhidayah Sahar; Carmen Adros; Evelyn Richard; Cynthia Boon Sompud
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240237

Abstract

Abstract. Sompud J, Sahar N, Adros C, Richard E, Sompud CB. 2023. Short Communication: Notes on a new distribution record of the Critically Endangered Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Biodiversitas 24: 975-981. Sunda pangolin is a Critically Endangered species. The species used to be widespread in Sabah, but its presence has become very scarce due to poaching and illegal trade. For the past decade, there have been individual reports of the distribution of the Sunda pangolin in Sabah. The reports of the locality of the Sunda Pangolin were mainly from the eastern part of Sabah, where large and contiguous forests exist. More comprehensive information on the distribution of the Sunda pangolin is needed to pave ahead with the species conservation and law enforcement to curb poaching and its illegal trade. This study presents a new distributional record of Sunda pangolin in Sabah. The evidence of the new distribution was obtained during field research at SFERA@UMS within the Universiti Malaysia Sabah Hill, Kota Kinabalu, from 10 October to 8 December 2022. Additional evidence was found through citizen science. Based on the track and signs, camera trap image, and the reports from citizen science, we conclude that the Sunda pangolin exists in UMS forest, and at least two individuals have been reported. There are no published reports on the presence of the Sunda pangolin before this. The study also shows how vital citizen science is in biodiversity conservation.
The allometric equations for estimating above-ground biomass in a 50 years-old secondary forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia KARYATI KARYATI; KARMINI KARMINI; KUSNO YULI WIDIATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240318

Abstract

Abstract. Karyati, Karmini, Widiati KY. 2023. The allometric equations for estimating above-ground biomass in a 50 years-old secondary forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1482-1492. Secondary forests, formed through several disturbances over the decades, have important roles in ecological and economic aspects. One of their roles in ecological aspects is the potential to store carbon. Therefore, this study aimed to develop allometric equations for estimating above-ground biomass and carbon stock in a 50 years-old secondary forest. In this field, 30 trees representing the dominant species and diameter class distribution were selected and cut down. The dry biomass of the tree's parts, including leaves, branches, and trunks, was assessed using the destructive method. The relation between trunk dry biomass and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) showed moderate adjusted R2 value ??(0.641). Moreover, moderately strong relationships were shown by above-ground biomass with DBH (adjusted R2 of 0.516). The allometric equation to estimate above-ground biomass in 50 years-old secondary forest is useful for estimating the carbon potential in other areas of the same age, especially with a similar land use history. Information regarding biomass and carbon stock is important for forest management in general. It can assess carbon stocks, sequestration rates, and potential emissions from forests subjected to a succession process.
Diversity and distribution pattern of bioactive compound potential seaweed in Menganti Beach, Central Java, Indonesia DWI SUNU WIDYARTINI; HEXA APRILIANA HIDAYAH; ACHMAD ILALQISNY INSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240252

Abstract

Abstract. Widyartini DS, Hidayah HA, Insan AI. 2023. Diversity and distribution pattern of bioactive compound potential seaweed in Menganti Beach, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1125-1135. Seaweed has great potential in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to obtain data on the diversity and distribution of bioactive compound potential seaweeds collected from Menganti Beach. The research applied the survey and random transect sampling in each substrate type. The variables were species diversity, distribution pattern, and bioactive compound potential. The main parameters were the number of species and the number of individuals of each species of seaweed. The supporting parameters were depth, salinity, temperature, and pH. The data were analyzed by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, and Morisita indices using Primer 7 software. The results showed that 21 species have bioactive compound potential. There were seven species (33 %) of Chlorophyta, including Caulerpa leltilifera, C. racemosa, C. taxifolia, Ulva lactuca, U. intestinalis, Valonopsis pacynema, and Codium tomentosum. Twelve species (57%) of Rhodophyta, including Callophyllis crispata, Chondrus crispus, Eucheuma spinosum, Halymenia harveyana, Gigartina stellata, Gracilaria gigas, G. canaliculata, G. lichenoides, G. verrucosa, Palmaria palmata, Portieria hornemannii, and Rhodymenia palmata; and two species (10%) of Phaeophyta, including Padina australis and Sargassum crassifolium. The diversity of seaweed was moderate (0.903-1.153). The dominance index (0.559-0.68) indicates no dominance, and the seaweed distribution pattern is grouping.
Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers AGUS BUDI SETIAWAN; QONITA AULIA ZAHIDAH; DIAS NABILA KALTSUM; AZIZ PURWANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240511

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan AB, Zahidah QA, Kaltsum DN, Purwantoro A. 2023. Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers. Biodiversitas 24: 2596-2604. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has a narrow genetic base compared to other Cucumis species. The genetic base of the cucumber can be improved by crossing two distantly related cultivars from different geographical locations. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic variability and investigate genetic variation of F2 cucumber population using two retrotransposon-based markers, namely Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP)andInter-SINE Amplified Polymorphism(ISAP). Two parental lines and the selected 59 genotypes from F2 population were subjected to PCR analysis for DNA profiling. The phenotypic variation of F2 genotypes revealed significant diversity in fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit radian, pedicel length, fruit length, and fruit ratio (length-diameter). The genetic variation of the F2 hybrids was successfully detected and discriminated by IRAP and ISAP markers. Both IRAP and ISAP markers showed high heterozygosity ranged from 0.4021 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4649 and moderate polymorphic information content ranged from 0.3489 to 0.3929 with an average of 0.3648. Cluster analysis showed that the F2 population and parental lines were grouped into two major clusters with a similarity coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.96. These findings imply that the F2 population is highly segregated and can be utilized to create new cultivars of cucumber.

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