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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Pengaruh Hemodialisis Terhadap Kejadian Kurang Pendengaran Sensorineural Pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik Ulfa, Loriana; Muyassaroh, Muyassaroh; Naftali, Zulfikar; Arwanto, Arwedi; Murbani, Ita
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (153.479 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n2.763

Abstract

Kurang pendengaran sensorineural (KPSN) dapat terjadi pada kasus gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) yang dilakukan hemodialisis (HD). KPSN akibat HD terjadi pada berbagai frekuensi. Faktor yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi adalah usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus (DM). Menganalisis pengaruh HD terhadap kejadian KPSN pada penderita GGK. Penelitian kohort pada 52 penderita GGK yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdiri dari dua kelompok, 26 penderita GGK mendapat HD dan 26 penderita GGK tanpa HD. Kelompok HD dilakukan pemeriksaan timpanoaudiometri sebelum HD dan setelah HD III. Kelompok tanpa HD dilakukan pemeriksaan timpanoaudiometri dalam waktu yang sama. Data usia, hipertensi, DM diperoleh dari rekam medik. Analisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Didapatkan 30,7% penderita KPSN dari kelompok HD, terdiri dari 26,9% derajat ringan dan 3,8% derajat sedang. Rerata penurunan NAP adalah 8,13 ± 5,30. Tidak didapatkan KPSN pada kelompok tanpa HD. Hemodialisis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN (p=0,004). Usia (p=0,084), hipertensi (p=0,215), DM (p=0,683) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. Hemodialisis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. Usia, hipertensi dan DM tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. [MKB. 2016;48(2):98–104]Kata kunci: Gagal ginjal kronik, hemodialisis, kurang pendengaran sensorineuralThe Effect of Hemodialysis on Sensorineural Hearing Loss in  Chronic Renal Failure PatientsSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can occur in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who receive hemodialysis (HD). SNHL is caused by hemodialysis occured in any frequency. The factors affect the disease include, among others, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM).  The effect of hemodialysis onSNHL occurrence in patients with CRF was analyzed in this study. It was a cohort study on 52 patients with CRF who met the inclusion criteria. The sample consists of two groups, 26 patients with CRF who received hemodialysis and 26 patients with CRF who did not received hemodialysis. Timpanoaudiometry was performed on HD group (patient with HD) before the first HD and after the third HD. Timpanoaudiometry was performed on HD group (patient without HD) at the same time with  the first group. The data on age, hypertension, and DM were obtained from medical records. The results were analyzed with Chi-Square test. It was found that 30.7% SNHL patients  were in the HD group consisting of 26.9% mild degree patients and 3.8% moderate degree patients . Mean of hearing threshold decrease was 8.13 ± 5.30. There was no patient with SNHL in the non-HD group. Analysis with Chi-Square test showed that hemodialysis affects SNHL occurrence (p=0.004). Age (p=0.084), hypertension (p=0.215), and DM (p=0.683) do not affect SNHL occurrence. It is concluded that hemodialysis affects SNHL occurrence whileage, hypertension, and DM do not. [MKB. 2016;48(2):98–104]Key words: Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, sensorineural hearing loss
Influence of Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction on Mental and Emotional Development in West Java, Indonesia Dhamayanti, Meita; Dwiwina, Resti Gradia; Adawiyah, Rubiah
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 51, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v51n1.1577

Abstract

Smartphone useis widespread globally, including in Indonesia. The excessive useand ubiquity of smartphone technology raise concerns on addiction and its effects on mental and emotional development ofadolescents. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between smartphone addiction and mental-emotional disorders inearly adolescents aged 11–12 years old in several primary schools in Bandung City and Sumedang District. This study was conducted October to December 2018 .Thiswas a cross-sectional study using convenient sampling technicwith unpaired categorical data for subject selection. Subjects were assessed with the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)which were self-administered by subjects. Subjects were classified into low level and high level smartphone user groups. Data were analyzed usingChi Square test. Out of 206 subjects, only 178 met the inclusion criteria with 44.9% (n=80) and 55.10% (n=98) were in  high- and low-level of smartphone addiction. The percentage of mental and emotional problems based on SDQ that was included in thenormal, borderline, and abnormal category was 60.7, 21.9, 17.4, respectively. Those with high-level smartphone addiction had mental and emotional problems with 1.425 prevalence ratio and CI95% 1.141–1.779. In conclusion, there is a correlation between smartphone addiction on mental and emotional problems of early adolescent.Key words: Early adolescent, mental and emotional, smartphone addiction, West Java, Indonesia Pengaruh Kecanduan Gawai pada Perkembangan Mental dan Emosional Remaja di Jawa Barat, IndonesiaPemakaian gawai sudah menyebar ke berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Pemakaian gawai sendiri memiliki dampak positif serta negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yaitu mengalami kecanduan gawai sehingga mempengaruhi emosi dan perilaku dan juga dapat menurunkan produktifitas serta kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan pengaruh kecanduan gawai terhadap gangguan mental emosional pada remaja awal usia 11 – 12 tahun. Metode penelitian analitik pontong lintang dilakukan pada subjek usia 11 – 12 tahun dari beberapa Sekolah Dasar Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Sumedang pada Oktober sampai Desember 2018 . Subjek dipilih dengan metode convenient data kategori tidak berpasangan Subjek mengisi kuesioner yang berisi data sosiodemografi, Strength Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) dan Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV). Subjek dibagi 2 kelompok tingkat kecanduan rendah dan tinggi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square. Dari 206 sebanyak 178 memenuhi kriteria. Subjek dengan tingkat kecanduan gawai tinggi sebanyak 80 (44,9%) dan rendah 98 (55,1%). Persentase gangguan mental emosional normal (60,7), borderline (21,9) dan abnormal (17,4). sebanyak 31 responden atau 17,4%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna Tingkat kecanduan gawai yang tinggi dan masalah mental emosi (rasio prevalens 1,45 (IK 1,141–1,779). Simpulan terdapat hubungan tingkat kecanduan gawai dan masalah mental emosio remaja awal usia 11 – 12 tahun.Kata kunci: Gawai, mental emosional, remaja awal
Anterior Transpetrosal Untuk Lesi pada Fosa Kranialis Media dan Posterior: Review Literatur dan Diseksi Kadaver Muhammad Zafrullah Arifin; Agung Budi Sutiono; Ahmad Faried; Takeshi Kawase; Beny Atmadja Wirjomartani; Kahdar Wiriadisastra
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Reseksi selektif pada bagian anterior piramid os petrosus (segitiga Kawase), dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan kraniotomi pada dinding lateral fosa kranialis media, dapat memberikan lapang pandang bedah yang cukup luas dari parasellar, clivus dan cerebellopontine angle (CPA), tanpa mengorbankan struktur organ pendengaran dalam (internal acoustics organ). Keuntungan utama teknik anterior transpetrosal ini adalah dapat langsung mengakses tumor yang melekat pada klivus melalui rongga kecil yang dibuat pada apeks os petrosus. Pengangkatan tumor dengan perdarahan yang minimal dapat dicapai dengan melakukan koagulasi pada arteri tentorium dan akses langsung ke arah anterior kanalis auditorius internus, juga dapat mengurangi cedera pada nervus fasialis dan vestibulokoklearis. Keuntungan lainnya, yaitu, rendahnya risiko komplikasi perdarahan vena, karena teknik ini tidak mengekspos sinus sigmoid ataupun vena Labbe. [MKB. 2010;42(2):86-91].Kata kunci: Anterior transpetrosal, fosa media dan posterior, diseksi kadaverAnterior Transpetrosal for Lession in Middle and Posterior Fossa: Literature Review and Cadaver DissectionResection of the anterior part of pyramid through the middle fossa craniotomy will give us a surgical field of the parasellar, clivus and cerebellopontine angle without sacrificing the auditory structure. The advantage of the anterior transpetrosal approach is the direct access to tumors that attached to the clivus via a keyhole created on the petrosus apex. Bloodless tumor removal can be achieved by detachment of the tentorial artery and direct access of the anterior internal auditory canal also can minimize the injury of the cranial nerve facialis and vestibulocochlearis. Another advantage is the low risk of venous damages since this approach is not exposing the sigmoid sinus and the vein of Labbe. [MKB. 2010;42(2):86-91].Key words: Anterior transpetrosal, middle and posterior fossa, cadaver dissection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n2.219
Perbandingan Pemberian Topikal Aqueous Leaf Extract of Carica Papaya (ALEC) dan Madu Khaula Terhadap Percepatan Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Kulit Mencit (Mus musculus) Iwan, Januarsih; Atik, Nur
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Madu dan pepaya telah lama dipercaya oleh masyarakat kita memiliki efek penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan percepatan penyembuhan luka sayat yang diberikan Aqueous Leaf Extract of Carica Papaya (ALEC) dengan madu Khaula. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode November 2006-April 2007 di Laboratorium Bagian Histologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. Subjek penelitian eksperimental ini berupa mencit jantan galur ddy dibagi dalam 3 kelompok (setiap kelompok terdiri dari 9 mencit), kelompok gel solcoseryl sebagai kontrol standar, ALEC 10% dalam vaselin dan madu 1,0 g sebagai kelompok perlakuan. Mencit dibuat luka sayat pada daerah punggung kemudian diberikan pengobatan topikal sesuai dengan kelompoknya. Untuk melihat perubahan histologi kulit mencit dikorbankan pada hari ke-4, ke-7, dan ke-10 setelah perlukaan. Data berupa gambaran histologi kulit berdasarkan regenerasi epidermis, ketebalan granulasi jaringan dan angiogenesis, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji parametric independent T-test dengan nilai p< 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan ALEC 10% dalam vaselin melalui tiga parameter di atas. Perbandingan antara kelompok kontrol dan madu Khaula menunjukkan perbedaan hanya pada regenerasi epidermis dan angiogenesis. Penggunaan ALEC 10% dalam vaselin dan penggunaan madu Khaula pada luka menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada regenerasi epidermis (rata-rata 2,19 (0,81) untuk ALEC 10% dan 2,67 (0,67) untuk kelompok madu, nilai p < 0,001) dan ketebalan jaringan granulasi (rata-rata 2,99 (0,94) untuk ALEC 10% dan 3,23 (0,99) untuk kelompok madu, nilai p 0,038). Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara ALEC dan madu Khaula dalam percepatan penyembuhan luka, khususnya percepatan regenerasi epidermis dan granulasi jaringan. The Comparation Between Topical Aplication of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Carica Papaya (ALEC) & Khaula Honey in Accelerating Skin Wound Healing in MiceTopical application of papaya and honey has been hypothesized to accelerate skin wound healing. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences between topical application of the ALEC and Khaula Honey in accelerating skin wound healing in mice. The experiment took place in Histology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, November 2006-April 2007.The prospective experimental method was held in 10 days. Subjects were male ddy mice divided into 3 groups (each consisted of 9 mices), which were control group solcoseryl jelly, 10% ALEC in vaseline and 1.0 g Khaula honey treated group. The comparisons in accelerating skin wound healing were investigated by using full thickness skin wound model produced on the back of the mice. Solcoseryl jelly was applied topically to wound of group 1, group 2 and group 3 mice were treated topically with 10% ALEC in vaseline and Khaula honey, respectively. The mice were sacrificed on 4th, 7th, and 10th day of post wounding for evaluating the histological changes. Data was obtained by microscopically analysis of the skin based on the epidermal regeneration, granulation tissues thickness and angiogenesis and then analyzed by using parametric independent T-test. The level for statistical significant was set p < 0.05. The result of this experiment showed that there were significant difference between control group and ALEC10% in vaseline in three mentioned above. Comparison between control and Khaula honey showed differences only in epidermal regeneration and angiogenesis. Wound treated with ALEC 10% in vaseline and Khaula honey group showed significantly difference in epidermal regeneration (mean 2.19 (0.81) for ALEC 10% and 2.67 (0.67) for honey group, p value < 0.001) and granulation tissues thickness (mean 2.99 (0.94) for ALEC 10% and 3.23 (0.99) for honey group, p value 0.038).These result documented the differences of ALEC and Khaula honey for the acceleration of wound healing process in full thickness skin wound especially in epidermal regeneration and granulation tissues thickness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n2.13
INTERAKSI ANTIBODI MONOKLONAL NIMOTUZUMAB DENGAN RESEPTOR HER-1 YANG DIEKSPRESIKAN GLIOMA SEREBRI Mashuri, -; Soetikno, Rista D.; Mutalib, A.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Human epidermal receptor (HER-1) merupakan anggota famili epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) yang banyak diekspresikan glioma. Interaksi HER-1 dengan antibodi monoklonal (Mab) merupakan salah satu pendekatan untuk diagnosis dikaitkan dengan kespesifikan interaksinya yang lebih terarah dalam mencapai target molekul. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis interaksi antara antibodi monoklonal nimotuzumab dan reseptor HER-1 yang diekspresikan glioma serebri. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi analitik korelasional dengan rancangan eksperimental untuk menilai interaksi antibodi monoklonal nimotuzumab (Mab) dengan reseptor HER-1 yang diekspresikan cell-line glioma. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka (PRR) Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional, Serpong Tangerang periode Januari?Juli 2012. Subjek penelitian cell-line glioma yang didapat dari American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), diinkubasi dengan sejumlah nimotuzumab dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda secara berturut-turut 0,22; 0,11; 0,055; 0,0275; 0,01375 pM, selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan interaksi nimotuzumab dengan HER-1 secara in vitro menggunakan Formula Scatchard. Nilai interaksi ditunjukkan dengan nilai tetapan disosiasi dan kerapatan reseptor dengan nilai Bmax. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi kuat antara konsentrasi nimotuzumab dan HER-1 yang diekspresikan glioma serebri (r=0,922;p<0,001). Nilai Kd nimotuzumab didapatkan 6x10-7 M dan nilai Bmax sebesar 1,64x10-5 mol/mg protein. Simpulan, terdapat interaksi antara antibodi monoklonal nimotuzumab dan reseptor HER-1 yang diekspresikan cell-line glioma serebri. [MKB. 2013;45(2):86?90]Kata kunci: Afinitas pengikatan, antibodi monoklonal, glioma, HER-1, nimotuzumabInteraction of Nimotuzumab Monoclonal Antibody with Human Epidermal Receptor-1 Expressed by Cerebral GliomaHuman epidermal receptor (HER-1) is a family member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is widely expressed in glioma. Interaction of the monoclonal antibody with the HER-1 is a diagnosis approach which is associated with the specificities of a more targeted interactions in reaching the target molecule. This study aims to analyze the interaction between nimotuzumab monoclonal antibody and HER-1 receptor expressed by cerebral gliomas. This study is using correlational analytic studies with an experimental design to assess the interaction of nimotuzumab monoclonal antibody to HER-1 expressed by glioma cell line. This research was conducted in Center for Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Serpong, Tangerang in January?July 2012. Subjects were glioma cell lines obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)which were incubated with nimotuzumab in different concentrations, i.e. 0.22, 0.11, 0.055, 0.0275, 0.01375 pM, respectively. Furthermore, the determination of the in vitro interaction of nimotuzumab with HER-1 was conducted using Scatchard formula. The value of the interaction is shown by the value of the dissociation constant and receptor density indicated by the Bmax value. The results showed a strong correlation between the concentration of nimotuzumab with HER-1 expressed by cerebral gliomas (r=0.922, p<0.001). Thenimotuzumab Kd value obtained was 6x10-7 M while the Bmax value was 1.64 x10-5 mol/mg proteins. In conclusion, there is an interaction between monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab with HER-1 expressed by the cerebral glioma cell line. [MKB. 2013;45(2):86?90]Key words: Binding affinity, glioma, HER-1, monoclonal antibodies, nimotuzumab DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.88
Hubungan Kadar Apelin dengan Disfungsi Diastol pada Penderita Gagal Jantung dengan Fraksi Ejeksi Normal Rostiati, Dini; Erwinanto, -; Yahya­, Achmad Fauzi; Achmad, Chaerul; Tedjokusumo, Pintoko; Hidayat, Syarief; Purnomowati, Augustine; Aprami, Toni Mustahsani
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.167 KB)

Abstract

Apelin merupakan peptida yang berperan dalam mempertahankan performa jantung pada beban tekanan kronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai hubungan antara kadar apelin dan disfungsi diastol pada penderita gagal jantung dengan fraksi ejeksi normal. Analisis statistik korelasi Spearman-Rank. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Jantung dan Divisi Diagnostiik Noninvasif Departmen Kardiologi dan Kedokteran Vaskular Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari–April 2014. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 50 penderita laki-laki sebanyak 24 (48%) dan perempuan 26 (52%), usia rata-rata 58,72 (11,02) tahun, durasi hipertensi 1–30 tahun, median 5 tahun. Indeks massa tubuh rata-rata 24,13 kg/m2. Median tekanan darah sistol 130 (120–180) mmHg, median tekanan darah diastol 90 (70–110)mmHg. Fraksi ejeksi median 65 (49–77%), pengobatan dengan Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) sebanyak 48%, calcium channel blocker (CCB) 27%, beta bloker 6%, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 3%, dan diuretik 1%. Pengukuran fungsi diastol, tissue doppler imaging (TDI) rata-rata 10,32, deceleration time rata-rata 228,2 detik, median rasio E/A (early/atrial (late) ventricular filling velocities) 0,77 (0,43–1,53), median isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 92 (60–177) detik. Median kadar apelin 1080,5 (993,2–1113) pg/mL. Sebagai simpulan, terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar apelin dan disfungsi diastol yang dihitung dengan TDI (R=0,3445, p=0,014). Apelin dapat digunakan untuk menilai gejala dan prognosis pada penderita gagal jantung dengan fraksi ejeksi normal karena kadarnya meningkat pada beban tekanan disertai fibrosis yang  sedikit dan menurun pada beban tekanan disertai fibrosis yang luas.[MKB. 2015;47(2):91–5]Kata kunci: Apelin, disfungsi diastol, fraksi ejeksi normal, gagal jantung, TDICorrelation between Plasma Apelin Level and Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction AbstractApelin ia a novel multifunction peptide implicated in cardiovascular performance regulation in chronic pressure overload. Plasma apelin level and its correlation to diastolic dysfunction in patient heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were investigated. Hypertensive patients with heart failure but without coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, obese, and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Each patients underwent plasma apelin measurement and echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. Statistical analysis was conducted using Spearman Rank. Fifty patients,  24 males (48%) and 26 females (52%),  met the inclusion criteria.  The mean age of the participants was 58.72 (11.02) years with a duration of hypertension between 1–30 years, median 5 year. Mean body mass index was 24.13 kg/m2. Systolic blood pressure median was 130 (120–180)mmHg while the diastolic blood pressure median was 90 (70–110)mmHg. Left ventricular ejection fraction median was 65 (49–77)%, treatment with Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was 48%, calcium channel blocker (CCB) was 27%, beta blocker was 6%, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was 3%, and diuretic was 1%. Diastolic function assessment with tissue doppler imaging (TDI) resulted in a mean of 10.32, deceleration time mean of 228.2, E/A (early/atrial (late) filling velocities) ratio median of 0.77 (0.43–1.53),and IVRT (isovolumic relaxation time) median of 92 (59–177). Plasma apelin measurement median was 1080.5 (993.2–11) pg/mL. In conclusion, there is a positive correlation between plasma apelin level and diastolic function (TDI) (R=0.3445, p=0.014). There is no significant correlation between plasma apelin level and diastolic function using other criteria. In conclusion, apelin can be used for assessing symptoms and prognosis of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction because apelin level is upregulated when pressure overload occurs with less fibrosis and down-regulated when pressure overload occurs with marked fibrosis. [MKB. 2015;47(2):91–5]Key words: Apelin, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, preserved ejection fraction DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n2.459
Internal and External Aspects Toward The Quality of Refill Water Station Production; Qualitative Study in Bandung City Raksanagara, Ardini Saptaningsih; Fitriyah, Sukhriyatun; Afriandi, Irvan; Iskandar, Hadyana; Sari, Sri Yusnita Irda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (643.267 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n1.1143

Abstract

Kualitas produksi Depot Air Minum (DAM) isi ulang ditengarai semakin menurun dan upaya menjaga kualitas DAM tidak hanya dilakukan oleh pemilik DAM, pemerintah mempunyai kewajiban berperan aktif dalam melakukan pengawasan DAM, namun belum banyak informasi mengenai kendala dan tantangan yang terjadi di lapangan dalam proses pengawasan kualitas DAM. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi aspek internal dan eksternal yang berkaitan dengan kualitas DAM yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Desain penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan paradigma konstruktivisme. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen, data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tema. Penelitian dilakukan di Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Perdagangan, Puskesmas, dan DAM pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aspek internal yang berpengaruh terhadap DAM yang tidak memenuhi syarat terdiri dari sumber daya manusia, proses pengolahan, peralatan, dan higiene. Faktor sumber daya yang rendah menyebabkan proses pengolahan tidak sesuai dengan standar. Aspek eksternal meliputi pengawasan pemerintah, sanksi, dan kerjasama. Pemerintah memiliki hambatan dalam kegiatan pengawasannya seperti kekurangan tenaga sanitarian, alokasi dana pemeriksaan sampel air minum yang rendah, dan beban kerja ganda. Tidak ada sanksi tegas serta kurangnya kerjasama antarlintas sektoral turut berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air minum isi ulang tidak memenuhi syarat. Upaya terobosan baru diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produksi DAM terutama melalui pengembangan sistem pengawasan terintegrasi yang tidak hanya melibatkan pemerintah lokal, namun juga masyarakat dan konsumen.Kata kunci: Aspek eksternal, aspek internal, depot air minum Internal and External Aspects Related to Quality of Refill Water Station Production: Qualitative Study in Bandung CityThe quality of water production in drinking water refill station (DWRS) has recently been decreasing. Maintaining the quality of DWRS is not only the responsibility of the owners because the government should also playe an active role as the external supervisor. However, few information is available on the obstacles in monitoring the quality of DWRS. This study aimed to explore the internal and external aspects related to quality of drinking water production in DWRS. It was a qualitative study using phenomenology approach with constructivism paradigm. Data were collected through observation, indepth interviews, and document study. Data were analyzed using theme analysis. The place of study was Bandung City Health Office, Trade Service Unit, Primary Health Centers, and some DWRSs with inadequate water quality during May-August 2017. The result showed that internal aspects that related to drinking water quality were human resources, proper processing, appropiate equipments, and hygienic environment.  Inadequate human resource can cause unstandardized process production. External aspects included government supervision, sanctions, and law enforcement as well as collaboration between owner and local government. In conducting DWRS supervisory activities, the government has obstacles such as lack of human resources, lack of funding allocation, and multiple workloads. In addition, the absence of strict sanctions and the lack of cross-sectoral cooperation also contribute to the quality of refill drinking water, making it inadequate. New innovation should be developed to increase the quality of DWRS, particularly development of integrated supervison system which iincludes not only the local government but also the commmunity and consumers.Key words: Drinking water refill station, external aspect, internal aspect
RADIOTERAPI EKSTERNAL TERHADAP NILAI AMBANG EKSITABILITAS SARAF FASIALIS PADA RADIOTERAPI EKSTERNAL PENDERITA KARSINOMA NASOFARING Altila, Yunaldi; Samiadi, Dindy; Aroeman, Nur Akbar
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Radioterapi eksternal (external beam radiation therapy/EBRT) merupakan pengobatan utama karsinoma nasofaring. Efek samping radioterapi eksternal yaitu neuropati saraf tepi. Radioterapi eksternal menyebabkan perubahan perbandingan antara akson dan area total serabut saraf. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai pengaruh radioterapi eksternal pada perubahan nilai ambang eksitabilitas saraf fasialis pada penderita karsinoma nasofaring. Jenis penelitian adalah studi analitik observasional dengan rancangan pre-post design. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok?Bedah Kepala Leher Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung bulan September?November 2012. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan nerve excitability test (NET) praradioterapi, fraksinasi radiasi ke-15, fraksinasi ke-33, dan 4 minggu pascaradioterapi. Hasil penelitian ini dihitung dengan menggunakan uji-t berpasangan. Terdapat 26 subjek mengalami peningkatan nilai NET selama radioterapi sesuai dengan kemaknaan jumlah fraksinasinya (p<0,001). Hal tersebut tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan jenis kelamin dan usia penderita. Simpulan, terjadi peningkatan nilai NET sesuai bertambahnya fraksinasi radiasi, namun 4 minggu pascaradioterapi mengalami penurunan nilai NET mendekati >nilai praradioterapi pada penderita karsinoma nasofaring. [MKB. 2013;45(3):167?73]Facial Nerve Excitability Values on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients who Undergo External Beam RadiotherapyExternal radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. One of complication of the external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is peripheral neuropathy. External radiotherapy could cause changes in ratio between axons and the total area of the nerve fibers. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of EBRT to the changes in the value of the facial nerve excitability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This research was observational analytic study by pre and post design and it was performed in the months September until November, year 2012 at the Otolaryngology?Head and Neck Surgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Nerve excitability test (NET) examination was performed just before EBRT, fractionation the 15th, fractionation the 30th, and four weeks after EBRT. Analytical statistic calculated by using paired t-test. They were 26 subjects had significant of NET value increased during radiotherapy according to the number of fractionation (p<0.001). It does not have a significant relationship with gender and age of the patient. In conclusions, there is increased NET value corresponding increase in fractionation radiation, but they would be decreases approaching the original value as before EBRT on nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. [MKB. 2013;45(3):167?73] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n3.147
Potensi Suplementasi Resveratrol dalam Mengatasi Efek Negatif Hormon Tiroid pada Terapi Obesitas: Uji Preklinik Ruslami, Rovina; Rosalita, Renny; Yolanda, Raesa; Agustin, Agnes; Sudigdoadi, -
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Terapi obesitas menggunakan hormon tiroid menurunkan berat badan dengan nyata, namun menyebabkan berbagai efek negatif seperti stres oksidatif, kerusakan DNA, dan muscle wasting. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkesplorasi potensi resveratrol (RSV), polifenol alami yang mempunyai efek antioksidan, anti-inflamasi, dan antiobesitas. Uji preklinik dengan rancangan acak sederhana dilakukan di Lab Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran menggunakan 40 ekor tikus Wistar yang diinduksi obesitas. Hewan model obesitas dialokasikan secara acak ke dalam dua kelompok selama periode Agustus–November 2014. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat hormon tiroid 3 (HT3) dan RSV, serta kelompok kontrol mendapat HT3 saja selama 14 hari. Hewan coba yang mendapat HT3 dan RSV memiliki bobot badan lebih besar (290,5 g vs 251 g, p=0,016), massa otot lebih berat (2,57 g vs 2,25 g, p=0,036), indeks adiposit lebih kecil (0,89% vs 1,02%, p=0,026), dan area under the curve (AUC) gukosa lebih kecil (1.849,2 mg.mnt/dL vs 2.591,7 mg.mnt/dL, p<0,001) dibanding yang mendapat HT3 saja. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar MDA plasma (0,49 nmol/mL vs 0,44 nmol/mL, p=0,430) dan kerusakan DNA (19,7 pixel vs 22,0 pixel, p=0,657) pada kedua kelompok yang mungkin berhubungan dengan dosis dan lama pemberian resveratrol. Suplementasi resveratrol berpotensi mengatasi efek negatif hormon tiroid pada hewan model obesitas. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui dosis optimal resveratrol sebagai antioksidan pada pengobatan obesitas menggunakan hormon tiroid. [MKB. 2016;48(1):51–7]Kata kunci: Hormon tiroid, obesitas, resveratrol, uji preklinikResveratrol Supplementation Potential in Managing Negative Effects of Thyroid Hormone during Obesity Treatment: a Pre-Clinical TrialAbstractTreatment of obesity using thyroid hormone could give significant result in decreasing body weight, but it also causes various negative effects such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, and muscle wasting. This sudy aimed to explore the potential of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, that has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, in managing negative effects of thyroid hormone used as anti-obesity. A preclinical trial was conducted at the animal laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Forty male Wistar rats underwent obesity induction before randomly allocated into intervention and control groups in August–November 2014. The intervention group received a 14-days of triiodothyronine (T3) and resveratrol (RSV), while the control group received T3 only. Obese rats treated with T3 and RSV were heavier (body weight of 290.5 g vs 251.0 g, p<0.016), had a heavier muscle mass (2.57 g vs 2.25 g, p=0.036), smaller adipocyte index, (0.89% vs 1.02%, p=0.026) and smaller glucose area under the curve (AUC) (1,848.2 mg.mnt/dL vs 2,591.7 mg.mnt/dL, p<0.001) than those who were treated with T3 only. There was no significance difference in MDA plasma levels (0.49 nmol/mL vs 0.44 nmol/mL, p=0.0430) and DNA damage (19.7 pixel vs 22.0 pixel, p=0.657) between groups, probably due to insufficient dosage of resveratrol. Our results indicate that resveratrol supplementation could counter negative effects of thyroid hormone used as anti-obesity in obese-rats model treated with T3. More research is needed to determine the adequate dosage of resveratrol to elicit anti-oxidant effect that could minimize the negative effects of thyroid hormone as anti-obesity. [MKB. 2016;48(1):51–7]Key words: Obesity, preclinical trial, resveratrol, thyroid hormone DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n1.734
Perbedaan antara Faktor Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik pada Pasien Infeksi Nosokomial di Bagian Bedah dan Medikal RSUP. Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Wahyudi, Bayu; Setiawati, Elsa Puji; Shahib, Nurhalim; Wirakusumah, Firman F.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (211.764 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n4.1576

Abstract

Infeksi nosokomial merupakan satu masalah komplikasi di rumah sakit dan menjadi permasalahan penting bagi kesehatan publik di dunia. Kecenderungan pasien menderita infeksi nosokomial (HAIs) ditentukan oleh faktor intrinsik dan faktor ekstrinsik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang. Terdapat 287 pasien yang mengalami infeksi nosokomial yang disebabkan oleh Klebsiella pneumoniae di Bagian Bedah dan Medikal Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung (RSUP) selama periode Januari sampai Juni tahun 2015 yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan antara faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik pada pasien infeksi nosokomial yang disebabkan oleh klebsiella pneumoniae di bagian Bedah dan Medikal RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dengan nilai p<0,05. Terdapat perbedaan kejadian resistensi terhadap karbapenem pada kasus infeksi nosokomial selain kadar Hb adalah tindakan medis untuk tindakan medis sedang mempunyai risiko 2,06 kali (IK 95%; 1,0–4,28 ), pada tindakan medis berat 3,03 kali (IK 95%; 1,21–7,61) bila dibanding dengan tindakan medis ringan. Terdapat perbedaan dengan ketidaksembuhan pada kasus infeksi nosokomial adalah kasus rawat medikal, leukosit >16.600, tindakan medis berat, dan keadaan kulit terbuka dengan OR masing masing 2,89; 2,09; 5,05; dan 1,88. Saran, untuk memberikan pelayanan yang prima dengan memperhatikan faktor intrinsik pasien baik usia, jenis kelamin, keadaan luka kulit dan status gizi, juga memperhatikan faktor ektrinsik berupa lamanya masa rawat, tempat pengambilan sampel, dan tindakan medik yang dilakukan. Kata kunci: Faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik, infeksi Klebsiella pneumoniae, kasus bedah dan medikal, nosokomialinfeksiDifference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors of  Nosocomial Infection Patients in The Surgery and Medical Ward of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital BandungNosocomial infection or Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI) occurs as a complication during hospitalization in hospitals and becomes an important global public health problem. The tendency of patients suffering from nosocomial infectionis determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This was a cross-sectional study on 287 patients with nosocomial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae at the Surgical and Medical wards of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during the period January to June 2015 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed the difference in intrinsic and extrinsic factors in patients with nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella (p<0.05). There was a difference in the resistance towards Carbanepem in nosocomial infections. Factors influencing this were Hb level and medical actions. Patients with intermediate medical procedures had 2.06 times higher risk (CI 95%; 1.0–4.28 ) while in those with complicated medical procedures, the risk was 3.03 times higher (CI 95%; 1.21–7.61) when compared to those receiving simple medical procedures. A difference was also seen in the failure to recover in nosocomial infection between the medical inpatient cases (leucocyte of >16,600), complicated medical procedure, and open-skin condition with ORs of 2.89; 2.09; 5.05; and 1.88, respectively. It is suggested to provide excelent services by paying atttention to the intrinsic factors of patients, i.e. age, gender, skin wound status, and nutrition status and the extrinsic factors, i.e. length of stay, sampling sites, and medical procedures performed.Key words: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors , Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, nosocomial infection, surgical andmedical cases

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