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Media Kedokteran Hewan
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 02158930     EISSN : 2775975X     DOI : 10.20473/mkh.v32i1.2021.1-11
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Media Kedokteran Hewan (p-ISSN: 0215-8930) (e-ISSN: 2775-975X) (established 1985) publishes all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes periodically three times a year (January, May, and September). Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes original articles, review articles, and case studies in Indonesian or English, with an emphasis on novel information of excellent scientific and/or clinical quality, relevant to domestic animal species and biotechnology of veterinary medicine from researchers, lecturers, students, and other practitioners around Indonesia and worldwide.
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Articles 160 Documents
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Evaluation of the Quality and Efficacy of Nerve Tissue-Derived Rabies Vaccine Produced in Algeria Hala Hasnaoui; Tahar Djebbar Khadidja; Hadjira Yourmouche; Hezekiah Keihinde Adesokan
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.301-315

Abstract

Rabies is one of the most deadly infectious diseases, especially in underserved areas, where it continues to pose a high mortality rate worldwide. Algeria has developed nerve tissue-based rabies vaccines to reduce reliance on imported products. The current study evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of the locally produced vaccine. A total of 175 white mice were used to test survival rate, toxicity, virulence, and microbial contamination. Mice vaccinated with Vac-test achieved a survival rate of 42% (slightly higher than the 40% rate in the reference vaccine). The two vaccines had a similar immunogenicity with a similar level of antigenicity. When used at 1/5 dilution, all the vaccines produced 90% survival rate, but as the dilution was increased, the protection was reduced. Vac-test showed a 0% survival rate when diluted 1/3125, but the reference vaccine showed 10%. The Vac-test passed safety and quality control tests, with no noticeable toxicity. Physicochemical tests confirmed that the vaccine was within specifications in terms of dissolution time and moisture level. These results suggest that locally produced rabies vaccines are a promising alternative to imported vaccines.
Retrospective Study of Antimicrobial Resistance among Bacterial Isolates in a Veterinary Hospital Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus; Andara Mamani Joseph; Dishon Hurdison Charibu; Judith James Adams; Onuche Shalom Agweche; Mayowa Peter Olabode
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.267-281

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to animal and human health in Nigeria, and the world. This retrospective study analysed 2,422 clinical samples processed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, between June 2022 and June 2025. Of the total samples, 90% (2174/2422) were from dogs and 80% (1933/2422) were vaginal swabs. Bacterial isolation was 95.7% (2317/2422), yielding 3,664 isolates. The most significant bacterial species identified were Escherichia coli (36.2%), Streptococcus spp. (16.76%), and Staphylococcus spp. (14.66%). Other genera isolated included Klebsiella (9.80%), Pasteurella (7.01%), Proteus (5.10%), Pseudomonas (4.37%), Salmonella (2.43%), Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Neisseria, Serratia, Micrococcus, Shigella and Enterobacter with a proportion of less than 1%. Resistance to antibiotics revealed that the isolates were resistant to all tested antimicrobials except doxycycline. High resistance rates were observed for tetracyclines (25.81% (1223), gentamicin (19.84%, 940), ceftriaxone (17.94%, 850), enrofloxacin (11.16%, 529), and amoxicillin (10.70%, 507).  Moderate to low resistance to penicillin-streptomycin (9.92% [470] ), sulphonamide (3.19% [151] ), tylosin (0.78% [37] ), amikacin (0.63% [30] ), and streptomycin (0.04% [2] ) was also observed.  These findings demonstrate that Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated pathogens and indicate the significant burden of AMR, including resistance to critically important antibiotic agents.
Preliminary Evaluation of Intranasal Lactobacillus Fermentum in Naturally Occurring Caprine Pneumonia Oremeyi Zaynab Tenuche; Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe; Enejo Samson Abalaka; Mireille Catherine Kadja; Edmond Onidje; Nuhu Abdulazeez Sani; Sunday Idoko Idoko; Enid Godwin; Godwin Onyemaechi Egwu
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.247-266

Abstract

Respiratory diseases are a major cause of illness and death in goats, especially in tropical production systems, where mixed infections and limited treatment options are common. This preliminary study evaluated the effects of intranasal Lactobacillus fermentum in West African Dwarf goats with pneumonia. Twenty affected goats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5): intranasal L. fermentum alone, intranasal L. fermentum with Oxytetracycline, Oxytetracycline alone, and intranasal normal saline. Clinical signs, hematological indices, oxidative stress biomarkers, and pulmonary lesions were assessed for 14 days. Goats receiving intranasal L. fermentum, either alone or combined with oxytetracycline, showed earlier improvement in respiratory distress, pyrexia, and nasal discharge than the untreated controls. The treated groups also had higher packed cell volume and total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, lower neutrophil counts, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Mortality was highest in untreated goats. Lung histopathology revealed bronchointerstitial and interstitial pneumonia. These findings suggest that intranasal L. fermentum may provide therapeutic benefits in caprine pneumonia, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotic therapy. However, the small sample size, absence of healthy controls, and lack of bacteriological confirmation limit broad extrapolation of these results. Larger studies with detailed pathogen characterization are required.
Assessment of Slaughterhouse Facilities and Infection Control Practices in Sierra Leone Lydia Bomwarah Sesay; Unisa Sankoh; Shiek Umaro Kamara; William Tasiame; Abdul Rahman Yakubu; Prince Nana Takyi; Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.282-300

Abstract

Slaughterhouses play an important role in protecting public health by providing hygienic, safe, and zoonosis-free meat for human consumption. There are limited data on the state of slaughter facilities across Sierra Leone; therefore, there is a need to assess the state of slaughter facilities and infection control practices in the country to ensure meat safety. This cross-sectional study using a census sampling approach was conducted to assess 27 operational slaughter facilities in 10 districts of Sierra Leone between May and June 2025 using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 27 livestock officers and facility personnel using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Basic infrastructure, such as animal holding pens (96.3%), stunning rooms (88.9%), evisceration and boning rooms (85.2%), and cold storage (88.9%), was absent in most facilities. Only 3.7% of respondents used personal protective equipment regularly, and hygiene standards were below satisfactory levels. This study highlights key infrastructural deficits and hygienic practices that, in combination, exacerbate the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Strengthening slaughterhouse infrastructure and enforcing veterinary public health legislation in Sierra Leone are necessary to safeguard both animal and human health.
Hematological Response of Peking Ducks to Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Supplementation as Probiotics Yayuk Kurnia Risna; Bambang Ariyadi; Sarwo Edy Wibowo; Ratna Sholatia Harahap; Yusrizal Yusrizal
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.357-365

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of different treatments on the hematological profiles of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) as indicators of physiological and immune responses. This study utilized 120 one-day-old male ducks assigned to eight treatments, and hematological parameters, including erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total and differential leukocyte counts, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen, were analyzed. The results showed that erythrocyte counts (2.58–3.40 × 10⁶/µL), hemoglobin concentration (10.73–13.63 g/dL), and packed cell volume values (33.67–44.67%) remained within the normal physiological ranges, indicating no adverse effects on erythropoiesis or oxygen transport capacity. Total leukocyte counts varied among treatments (4.00–13.28 × 10³/µL), reflecting differences in immune responses. A progressive reduction in heterophil counts and stabilization of lymphocyte levels in the selected treatments suggested decreased physiological stress and improved immune balance. Total plasma protein values (4.20–5.70 g/dL) indicated adequate protein metabolism and hydration status, whereas lower fibrinogen concentrations in later treatments reflected reduced inflammatory responses. Overall, treatments that maintained stable erythrocyte indices, balanced leukocyte profiles, and low fibrinogen concentrations had favorable effects on duck health. These findings highlight the potential of probiotic-based interventions, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementation, in improving hematological stability and supporting sustainable duck production systems.
Canine Skin Lesions and Dermatophytosis in One Indonesian Shelter Setting in Bogor, Indonesia Punitheraj Rajendran; Novericko Ginger Budiono; Agustin Indrawati; Titiek Sunartatie; Dwi Utari Rahmiati; Fadjar Satrija
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.316-330

Abstract

Dermatophytosis is one of the most common mycoses in dogs; however, reports from Indonesian shelters are lacking. This study investigated canine dermatophytosis at one shelter in Bogor (2024), focusing on the characterization of lesions and point prevalence. Signalment, breed, sex, and medical history were recorded, followed by a dermatological examination and lesion scoring. Diagnostic procedures included Wood's lamp testing and fungal sampling using the MacKenzie toothbrush method in 20 dogs, supplemented by scrapings and hair plucking from dogs with lesions. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and subcultured onto Potato Dextrose Agar for identification. Of the 20 dogs, 17 (85%) exhibited lesions, most commonly alopecia (11/20; 55%), scaling/crusting (8/20; 40%), erythema (3/20; 15%), miliary dermatitis (2/20; 10%), and pustules/papules (1/20; 5%). Wood's lamp test was positive in 10 dogs (50%). Direct microscopic examination of scrapings and hair plucks consistently revealed hyphae. Fungal culture confirmed Microsporum canis in one symptomatic female Beagle (5%). The infected dog had alopecia and crusted lesions, indicating an active infection. Overall, the findings highlight a high frequency of dermatological abnormalities in shelter dogs but a low culture-confirmed prevalence of dermatophytosis. These results emphasize the need for broader surveillance across shelters to clarify the epidemiology and guide effective management strategies.  
Patterns of Antibiotic Use Among Poultry Farm Cases in Kumasi, Ghana Anokye Samuel; Jalloh Mohammed Nassiru; Yembeh Papajo Koroma; William Tasiame; Raphael Deladem Folitse; Abdul Rahman Yakubu; Prince Nana Takyi; Sampson Yeboah; Derrick Adu Asare; Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.379-397

Abstract

Antibiotic use in smallholder poultry farming may contribute to antimicrobial resistance in Ghana, yet evidence on patterns in the Ashanti Region remains limited. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 1,202 poultry farm complaint records submitted to the Ashanti Regional Veterinary Laboratory between 2020 and 2025. Data on bird type, primary clinical presentation, reported antibiotic use, antibiotic class, and Antimicrobial Expert Group categorisation were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable binary logistic regression. Antibiotic use was reported in 329 cases (27.4%). Mortality-related presentations were most frequent (19.6%), followed by general/non-specific signs (18.0%) and gastrointestinal presentations (16.6%). Aminoglycosides (n = 109), penicillins (n = 89), and tetracyclines (n = 78) were the most frequently identified antibiotic classes. Category C (Caution) antibiotics predominated among classified records. Primary clinical presentation was independently associated with reported antibiotic use; multisystemic signs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.75), gastrointestinal presentations (aOR = 1.92), and respiratory presentations (aOR = 1.91) had significantly higher odds of reported antibiotic use. Antimicrobial stewardship, improved veterinary extension services, and enhanced diagnostic capacity are needed to promote prudent antibiotic use.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Abscesses in Slaughtered Cattle in Ghana. Noah Agbadi; William Tasiame; Patrick Amponsah Mensah; Derrick Adu Asare; Abdul Rahman Yakubu; Prince Nana Takyi; Sampson Yeboah; Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.331-356

Abstract

Organ abscesses are among the most significant problems in the beef industry, leading to considerable economic losses and public health concerns. Microbiological data on the causative organisms of abscesses in Ghana are limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Kumasi Abattoir in Ghana to determine the prevalence of organ abscesses in slaughtered cattle, identify the bacterial pathogens associated with the abscesses, and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A total of 728 cattle were slaughtered during the study period, of which 50 had abscesses and were sampled for the study. Data were entered and managed using Microsoft Excel version 21 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The total estimated prevalence of abscesses was 6.86%. A total of 89 isolates belonging to 10 bacterial groups were identified, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus subtilis. The Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed a high resistance to tetracycline at 57.3% (51/89), and notable resistance to meropenem at 4.4% (4/89), with Pseudomonas showing the highest resistance rate at 13.6% (3/22). This study demonstrated that organ abscesses remain prevalent among cattle slaughtered at the Kumasi Abattoir, with the liver being the most affected organ.
Renal Histopathology of White Rats Treated with Cassia alata Leaf Extract Amaq Fadholly; Nahla Fifi Azizah; Eva Harlina; Yumna Annisa Kurnia Budihardjo; Cyntia Rafi Adinugroho; Afifah Alawiyah Rahmah
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.398-410

Abstract

Cassia alata is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional laxative. Despite its therapeutic benefits, prolonged use may induce toxic effects, necessitating safety evaluation through subchronic toxicity studies. This study aimed to assess the effects of ethanolic C. alata leaf extract on renal histopathology in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thirty-six male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into six groups: negative control (NC), extract-treated groups receiving 100 (D1), 300 (D2), and 900 mg/kg BW (D3), satellite negative control (SNC), and high-dose satellite (SD3). The extract was administered orally for 28 days. Kidney tissues were collected and examined histopathologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Evaluated lesions included glomerular alterations (atrophy and edema) and tubular changes consisting of hydropic degeneration, proteinaceous casts, and necrosis. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in glomerular lesions among treatment groups (p>0.05). In contrast, cortical tubular hydropic degeneration and necrosis increased after extract treatment (p<0.05), particularly at the highest dose. No significant differences were observed between the 100 mg/kg BW group and the control group. These findings indicate that ethanolic C. alata leaf extract is relatively safe at 100 mg/kg BW under subchronic conditions but may induce dose-dependent renal tubular histopathological alterations at higher doses.
Distribution and Co-infection Patterns of Subclinical Mastitis Pathogens in Jombang, Indonesia Pathogens in Smallholder Dairy Farms Sheila Marty Yanestria; Arief Mardijanto; Adhitya Yoppy Ro Candra; Junianto Wika Adi Pratama
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i3.2026.366-378

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis results in substantial but often unrecognized economic losses in the dairy cattle industry. This study investigated the distribution and co-infection patterns of subclinical mastitis pathogens collected from dairy cows in Jombang Regencymastitis pathogens in milk samples collected from dairy cows in Jombang Regency, Indonesia. A total of 66 CMT-positive milk samples were subjected to bacteriological examination selective media and standardized biochemical assays. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square and Spearman’s rank correlation, evaluated associations between Chi-square tests and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis were used to evaluate the associations among bacterial profiles, CMT severity, and inter-species co-occurrence. Streptococcus spp. was the most frequently isolated bacterium (45.45%) were the most frequently isolated organisms (45.45%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (28.79%), Escherichia coli (25.76%), and Klebsiella spp. (15.15%). Mixed bacterial infections were identified in 36.36% of the CMT-positive milk samples. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant association between bacterial isolation patterns and CMT severity (p < 0.05). Exploratory Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive association between Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (rs= 0.352; p < 0.01). These findings indicate that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens are commonly distributed among CMT-positive milk samples from smallholder dairy farms. This evidence is critical for formulating targeteddairy farms. These data provide a basis for developing targeted mastitis surveillance and mitigation strategies to enhance milk quality and animal welfare in developing dairy sectors.

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