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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Interferon Gamma of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta Hanif Hary Setyawan; . Hudiyono; . Marwoto; Afiono Agung Prasetyo
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Interferon-? (IFN-?) produced by CD4+(Th1) T cells plays a critical role in immunityto tuberculosis infection. MDR-TB patients have decreased T cell IFN-?production capacity. Data of IFN-? plasma level of MDR-TB patients in Indonesia, include its association with age and gender, are not yet known. This study was aimed to identify the profile of IFN-? on plasma of MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta and its association with age and gender. Methods: Blood samples and medical records data from 43 MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological test was done to measure IFN-?titer. Results: Twenty samples (46.5%, 20/43) had elevated IFN-? level in their plasma. Elevated IFN-? level was more likely to be found in women (OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.02-12.94) and respondentsaged 21-30 years (OR 4.5; 95% CI 0.79-25.57). No association between elevation of IFN-? level with age (p = 0.450) and gender (p = 0.067). Conclusions: Elevated IFN-? level was found in 46.5% of MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta.Elevated IFN-? level was more likely to be found in women and respondents aged 21-30 years. Keywords: IFN-g, MDR-TB, Surakarta
Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) Terhadap Kerusakan Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol M Abdul Basith; Endang Listyaningsih; Selfi Handayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Today, consuming paracetamol as an analgesic antipyretic drugs has increased. Paracetamol which used in inappropriate dose has bad effect to our body, such as nefrotoxic. Basil leaf extract has antioxidant as a protection of free radicals and reducing NAPQI which produced by paracetamol. The objectives of this research are to know the nefroprotector effect and this research will shown the multilevel dose of basil leaf extract as a nefroprotector in the renal cell damage induced by parasetamol. Methods: This was experimental laboratory with the post test only controlled group design. Sample group consisted of male mice Swiss Webster, 2-3 month, + 20 g. Samples divided into 4 groups, each group has seven mice. Mice for control group (K) and the first treatment group (P1) were given aquades for 14 days. The second treatment group (P2) will be given basil leaf extract dose I for 14 days. The third treatment group (P3) will be given basil leaf extract dose II for 14 days. Paracetamol will be given to P1, P2, and P3, with dose 0,1 ml/20 gr weight of mice on the day 12, 13, and 14. Finally on day 15th, mice are sacrificed with neck dislocation then the renal of mice was made preparations with paraffin blocks methods and Hematoxillin Eosin staining. Renal cell damage observed and counted a mount of scored on renal histological karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data are analized by One-Way ANOVA test (?= 0,05) and continued by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (LSD) (? = 0,05). Results: Result of One-Way ANOVA shown that there was a significant of degree between 4 groups. Result of LSD method there was a significant of degree between K-P1, K-P2, P1-P2, and P1-P3 groups; and also it wasnt a significant of degree between K-P3 and P2-P3. Conclusions: The basil leaf extracts was able to decrease the renal cell damaging of mice and the increase of basil leaf extracts dose followed by the increase of protection effect to the renal cell damaging of mice which is induced by paracetamol. Keywords: basil leaf extract, paracetamol, renal cell damage.
Antiviral Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) Against Dengue Virus In Vitro Natasha Ninda Pramalista; Afiono Agung Prasetyo; Ratih Dewi Yudhani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction: Dengue virus is a type of virus that causes various reactions, from asymptomatic infection to harmful manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Currently, the treatments of DHF cases have been limited to symptomatic and supportive therapies only. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies in facing these cases. One of them is by using natural ingredients with antiviral potential. The aim of this study is to understand the antiviral effects of the ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) against dengue virus in vitro. Methods : The subject of this research was Dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV-2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The research was divided into 2 parts. The first was inhibition test of the extract against DENV-2 which was assessed by average of infectivity percentage with Focus Forming Unit assay method. The second was toxicity test of the extract in Huh 7 cells which was assessed by average of viability percentage by MTT assay method. The herb extract effective as a Dengue antivirus was defined by average infectivity percentage of ? 20% and average viability percentage of > 50%. Results: Ethanolic extract of Red Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) with concentration 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 g/ml had average percentage of infectivity respectively: 9.2% ; 25.3% ; 32.3% ;47.5% ; 66.6% ; 73.4%. While the average percentage of viability were: 92.2% ; 94.3% ; 96.7 % ; 99.6% ; 102.7% ; 105.9%. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of rhizome Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) is not effective in inhibiting the replication of dengue virus serotype DENV-2 in vitro because it has the average infectivity percentage ? 20 and has no toxic effects on cells Huh-7 because it has the average viability percentage > 50. Key Words: Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum, Dengue virus, DENV-2, Huh-7 cell line.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Debora Marga Pangestika; . Suyatmi; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has various components such as betalain, flavonoid, phenolic, ?-karoten, vitamin C and E, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Selenium. These components are potent to be antioxidant to protect liver from free radicals. The aims of this research were to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beets on histologic damage of mices liver cells induced by paracetamol and the dose dependent of this extract. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with the posttest only controlled group design. The subjects of this reaseach were 30 Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and 20 grams of weight, divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups were KK(-), KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3. Aquadest was administered to KK(-) and KK(+). Paracetamol was administered to KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the day 12, 13 and 14. Red beet extracts were administered to KP1, KP2, and KP3 in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20 g BW of mice, successively. The hepatoprotective effects were assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 100 hepatocytes at central lobe zone of liver. Results: The result of One-Way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a significant difference among each other group. The linear regression test p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a correlation between increasing dosage and improving protective effect on mices liver cell damage. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of red beet had protective effect on histologic damage of mices liver cells induced by paracetamol. The increasing dosage of the red beet extract improved the protective effect to liver cells. Keywords : ethanol extract red beet, mice liver cells, paracetamol
Status Infeksi Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Komunitas Gigolo Surakarta Engine Rabindra Ariapramuda; Afiono Agung Prasetyo; Hudiyono Hudiyono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Torque Teno Virus ( TTV ) is the first circular single-stranded DNA virus that is reported to infect humans. TTV infection has been implicated in the development of various diseases . However, it is still unclear how the mechanisms of TTV in the pathogenesis of various diseases. TTV infection was found not only in people with illness, but also found in general population with good health. Methods: There were 30 male sex workers (MSW) in Surakarta, which were included as our respondents. We took respondences bloos and isolated its DNA, in addition respondents underwent to face-to-face interview and filled questionnaire. Then, we ran polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nested with primer (NG059/NG063 and NG061/NG063) to detect N22 sequence of TTV. We ran electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel with Loading Quick ?X174/HaeIII 72-1353bp as a marker. Then, we visualized the gel on Gel Documentation and interpretated. Data of TTV infection, respondents description, risk factors of TTV, and results of HIV and HCV infection from previous study were analyzed using Chi Square. Results: About 7 (7/30, 23.3%) respondents were infected by TTV. There was any correlation (p < 0.050) between TTV infection and having piercing (p = 0.029). However, there was no correlation (p > 0.050) between TTV infection and performed unprotected vaginal sex (p = 0.481), unprotected anal sex (p = 0.269), injecting drug users (p = 0.065), and having a tattoo (p = 0.925). Respondents having piercing (Odds ratio [OR] = 7.083; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] : 1.075 46.678) and performed unprotected vaginal sex (OR = 1.923; 95% CI : 0.307 12.053) were more likely to be infected with TTV. About 2 (2/3, 66.7%) respondents who infected with HIV and 2 (2/7, 28.6%) respondents who infected with HCV were also infected with TTV. Respondents who infected by HIV (OR = 8.800; 95% CI : 0.661 117.234) and HCV (OR = 1.440; 95% CI : 0.212 9.782) were more likely to be infected with TTV. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTV infection among MSW in Surakarta is lower than other community in Indonesia. Further research is needed to determine status of TTV infection among MSW community and other high-risk community, and to find out the certain risk factors of TTV infection. Keywords: TTV, Male Sex Workers (MSW), Surakarta
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Caesaria Christ Haryadi; Endang Listyaningsih; Bhisma Murti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: White dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) contains antioxidant substances in the form of vitamin A, C, E, and polyphenol that are reported to be nephroprotective. This study was aimed to verify the effect of white dragon fruit extract and its increasing doses toward paracetamol-induced damage of renal cell of mouse (Mus musculus). Methods: This study was a Randomized Controlled Trial in design. Samples were twenty eight Swiss webster type mice divided into 4 groups randomly, being seven mice in each group. Aquades were administered to mice in control group (KK) and the first group (KP1), while white dragon fruit extract were administered to the second group (KP2) and the third group (KP3) with the dose of 70 mg/20 g BB weight and 140 ml/20 g weight for 14 days, respectively. Paracetamol were administered to KP1, KP2, KP3, with dose 5.07 mg/ 20 g weight on day 12th, 13th and 14th. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed with neck dislocation. Renal cell slides were made and stained by HE. Renal histological is analysed and scored base on quantification of renal histological damage. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between groups. Result of LSD method showed that there were significant of differences between KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3 and KP2-KP3 groups, respectively; while no significant different was found between KK-KP3. Conclusion: The administration of white dragon fruit extract might prevent the mice renal cell damage. The increasing doses of white dragon fruit extract induce protection effect towards the renal cell damage of mice induced by paracetamol Key words : white dragon fruit extract, paracetamol, renal cell damage.
Profile Comparison of Patient with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on Blood Specimen at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Gani Dwi Cahya; Marwoto .; Dhani Redhono Harioputro
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are some of bacteria that are often found in blood specimen. Unlike Staphylococcus aureus, which is true pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis is known as opportunistic bacteria which actually are normal flora of human skin. Therefore, it is necessary to have comparative data that can determine whether Staphylococcus epidermidis are cause of infection or just colonization. The purpose of this research was to compare clinical profile of patients with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis found in blood specimen. Methods: This study was a descriptive research using clinical epidemiology approach. The objects of the research were patients medical records which had been identified by blood culture with positive result of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on 2014-July 2015. Sampling was held during November and December 2015 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Sampling was done and 65 people taken from the population. The data were analyzed with frequency odds ratio. Results: During January 2014 - July 2015, it was found that 36 subjects of patients with positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (21 men, 15 women) and 29 subjects of patients with positive Staphylococcus aureus (11 men, 18 women). Staphylococcus epidermidis was mostly found in newborns dan infants, while Staphylococcus aureus was mostly found in adults and elders. The result of white blood count and neutrophil percentage showed that patients with positive Staphylococcus aureus on their blood specimen have higher value than Staphylococcus epidermidis. Vital sign showed higher mean value of body temperature on patients with positive Staphylococcus aureus on their blood specimen than Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: There were differences in the increase of body temperature, number of leukocytes, and percentage of neutrophils in patients profile who were exposed to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on blood specimens at Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Keywords: Blood Specimen, Blood Culture, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap Mortalitas Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze in Vitro Monica Citraningtyas Astarani; Bambang Sukilarso; Sri Haryati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background : Avocado leaves which have been known from phytochemical contain flavonoid, tannin katekat, quinone, saponin, and steroid/triterpenoid. Saponin and tannin are active substances which have anthelmintic effect. This research was to know the effect of avocado (Persea americana, Mill.) leaves ethanol extract toward the mortality of Ascaris suum, Goeze in vitro. Methods : This study was experimental laboratory research with the post test only controlled group design. The subjects were 150 adult Ascaris suum, Goeze, arranged into 6 groups. NaCl 0.9 % solution was treated to negative control group, while 5 mg/ml pirantel pamoat solution was treated to positive control. The others group were treated with 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% w/v of Avocado (Persea Americana, Mill.) leaves ethanol extract. Observation was done in every hour until all worm died. The data were analyzed by linear regression and probit analysis. Results : Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LT50 of Avocado leaves extract were 56.42% dan 665.15 minutes. Linear regression analysis showed there was significant (p < 0.05) effect between the time of death and variation of extract concentration. Conclusion : Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) leaves ethanol extract had significant effect toward the mortality of Ascaris suum, Goeze in vitro. Keywords : avocado leaves ethanol extract, Ascaris suum, LC50
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak Himmatul Fuad; . Suhanantyo; Novan Adi Setyawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Yam Bean contains flavonoids, isoflavones, phenols, alkaloid, ascorbic acid and saponins which have the effect of antihyperlipidemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on blood triglyceride level of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high fat diet. Methods: This research was a true experimental laboratory research using the post test only with control group design. This research subjects were 30 male white rats, Sprague Dawley strain, 2 months old, and about 137-238 gram of their weight. The subjects were divided by random into 6 groups. The whole groups were adapted for 7 days. After a week, all groups except normal control group, were administered high fat diet 2 ml/200 gram BW/day for 21 days. In addition, the positive control group were also administerd 0.18 mg/200 g BW/day of simvastatin, while the negative control groups were administered 2 ml/200 g BW/day of distilled water. The first, second and third treatment groups were consecutively administered 70 mg, 140 mg and 210 mg/200 g BW/day of Yam Bean extracts. In the 22th day, the blood samples of the subjects were taken from pre-orbital plexus to assess their triglyceride levels. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test and Least Significance Difference test (LSD). Results: The One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in blood triglyceride level among six groups (p = 0.001). Whereas, Post Hoc test showed a significant difference among all groups, except the third treatment group which had no significant difference (p=0.768) to the positive control group. Conclusions: Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract significantly reduced blood triglyceride levels of rats. Keywords: Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract, triglyceride levels, white rats.
The Effect of Soy Bean (Glycine max) to mice (Mus musculus) Renal Cells Histophatology Induced with Reused Palm Oil miftah nurizzahid prabowo; Endang Listyaningsih; Zulaika Nur Afifah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: The reused palm oil is usually used by people to cook especially for cooking food. In the society the palm oil is usually used by deep frying method. This methode usually destroys the chemical chain in the palm oil.As results from this deep frying methode many toxic and free radical are formed, this can be dangerous for human body. Soy bean (Glycine max) one of food that contains fitoestrogen and the descents isoflavon. The isoflavone will protect human body from free radicals and has antiinflammatory actitivity. Method: This study was an experimental laboratory using the posttest only controlled group design. The sample used 27 mice, 8-10 weeks old and weights 20 g. Samples were divided into 4 groups. Group of KKand KP1, in order, was only given distilled water and 0.06 ml of reused palm oil in addition to distilled waterfor 14 days. whilegroup of KP2 and KP3 was respectively given soy bean powder at a dose of 5.6 mg and 11.2 mg per 20 g of body weight each of mice alongside with 0.06 ml of reused palm oil and distilled water for 14 days. On 15th day, samples were sacrificed to be made preparations of left and right kidney by methode of parafin block and HE staining. The number of tubule proximal cell was calculated based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Walis test (? = 0.05) and continued with Mann-Whitney test (? = 0.05). Result: : The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was significant difference between the four groups. Mann-Whitney test showed there was significant difference between groups of KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Soy bean (Glycine max.) can prevent the renal cell damage of mice which are induced by reused palm oil and the increase of soy bean dosage can increase protection effect to renal cell damage of mice which are induced by reused palm oil. Keywords: soy bean, reused palm oil, the renal cell damage

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