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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Efek Pemberian Sari Buah Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa carambola Linn.)terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Hepar Tikus Putih(Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Handayani Putri Cahyaningrum; Endang Listyaningsih; Selfi Handayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) juice contains flavonoids, epicatechins, proanthocyanidins, and tanins that can protect liver from free radicals. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) juice to liver histological damage of albino rat induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male rats from Wistar type, 2-3 months old and + 200 g of each weight. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Sampling technique used in this research was incidental sampling. The control group (K) and the first treatment group (P1), rats were administered aquadest for 14 days. The second treatment group (P2), rats were administered star fruits juice with the concentration of 50% 2ml/200 g body weight of rat and the third group (P3), rats were administered star fruits juice with the concentration of 100% 2ml/200 g body weight of rat for 14 days. Paracetamol was administered to groups of P1, P2, and P3 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On the 15th day, rats were sacrificed and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method which were stained HE. Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and continued with Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (? = 0.05). Results: Statistically, the One-Way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences of liver damage score between K P1, K P2, K P3, P1 P2, P1 P3, and P2 P3. Conclusion: Star fruit juice decreased the liver histological damage of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced by paracetamol. Key words: star fruit juice, paracetamol, liver histological damage, albino rat
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak Atma Sanggani Tunikasari; . Suhanantyo; Ruben Dharmawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background : Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability and death in the world. High levels of blood cholesterol becoming a risk factor in atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Yam Bean contains flavonoids, isoflavones, phenols, and saponins which have an effect of antihyperlipidemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on blood total cholesterol level of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high fat diet. Methods : This research was an experimental laboratoric research using the post test only with control group design. The research subject were 30 male white rats, Sprague Dawley strain, 2 months old, and their weights were about 130-240 gram. The subjects were arranged into 6 groups. The whole groups were adapted for 7 days. All groups except normal control, were administered high fat diet 2 ml/200 gram BW/day for 21 days. The positive control group was administered 0.18 mg/200 g BW/day of simvastatin and the negative control group was administered 2.00 ml/200 g BW/day of distilled water. While the first, second and third treatment groups were consecutively administered 70 mg, 140mg and 210 mg/200 g BW/day of Yam Bean extracts. On the 22nd day, the blood samples of the subjects were taken from pre-orbital plexus for measurement of cholesterol levels. Then, the data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test and Least Significance Difference test (LSD). Results : The One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in blood total cholesterol level among six groups (p = 0.001). Post Hoc Test showed a significant difference among two groups, except the third treatment group which had the same result and the normal control groups (p = 0.335). Conclusion : Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract had effect to decrease the blood total cholesterol levels of rats. Keywords : Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract, total cholesterol levels, white rats.
The Diuretic Effect of Yellow Seeded-Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Dyah Tantry Desiana; Muchsin Doewes; Amelya Augusthina Ayusari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) contains flavonoid and pottasium that have diuretic effect. This research aimed to find out the diuretic effect of yellow seeded-watermelon extract on the male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study using Posttest Only Group Design, done at Laboratory of Setia Budi University Surakarta from November 2014 to January 2015. The research subjects were 30 male white rats of Wistar Strain with age of 3 months old and 200 grams in weight. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Watermelon was gotten from Jurug Fruit Market Surakarta. Before the treatment, rats were adapted for 5 days and fasted for 18 hours but still provided with drinking water. Yellow seeded-watermelon extract was given orally. The negative control group (KN) was given distilled water 3 ml and the positive control group (KP) was given hydrochlorothiazide 0.3 mg/200 gr of body weight.Test group I (KUI), II (KUII) and III (KUIII), in order,were given yellow seeded-watermelon extract at dose 35 mg, 70 mg and 140 mg per 200 gr of body weight. Rat urine volume was measured every 4 hours for 16 hours. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: The average of rat urine volume of KN, KP,KUI, KUII and KUIIIwere 1.247 ml, 5.987 ml, 2.315 ml, 3.357 ml and 4.570 ml, in order. The Mann Whitney test showed there were significant difference among KN, KP, KUI, KUII and KUIII at the first, second and third four hours. Conclusions: Yellow seeded-watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract has diuretic effect on the male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The highest diuretic effect was at dose of 140 mg/200 gr of body weight. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus extract, diuretic effect, hydrochlorothiazide
Analisis Molekuler Regio Pre-S1, Pre-S2, dan S Isolat Virus Hepatitis B 09IDSKAB-3 Angga Dwi Prasetyo; Afiono Agung Prasetyo; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region are essentially known for virus infection and replication. Eight genotypes (A to H) and nine subtypes (adw2, adw4, ayw1, ayw2, ayw3, ayw4, adrq+, adrq-, and ayr) of HBV have been identified worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze HBV genetic variation in pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region, and to determine genotype and subtype of 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate from Men Who Have Sex With Men community in Surakarta. Methods: 09IDSAKAB-3 HBV DNA extraction was used as a template for amplication of pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region. The sequence results were then aligned by Clustal W with all of reference sequences reported in GenBank/DDBJ/EMNL. Genetic variation in pre-S1, pre-S2, and S region were identified using MEGA 4.0. HBV genotype and subgenotype were identified by phylogenetic analysis. HBV subtype was deduced on the basis of the predicted amino acid sequences of HBsAg. Results: Based on BLAST search in GenBank, 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genotype B3. D27E variation was found in pre-S1 region, and there were not genetic variation in pre-S2 and S region. Phylogenetic tree showed that 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genotype B3. Based on the basis of predicted amino acid sequences of HBsAg, 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into subtype adw2. Conclusions: Overall, only D27E variation was found in this study. 09IDSKAB-3 isolate was classified into genoytpe B3 and subtype adw2. The amino acid variations found in the present report need further study. Keywords: HBV, pre-S1 region, pre-S2 region, S region
Comparison of the effect of alkaline water and metformin towards blood glucose level in diabetic model rats Ghani Abdurahim; Ratih Dewi Yudhani; Siti Ma'rufah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Indonesia ranked 7 out of 10 on countries with the most highest number of diabetic patient. Oxidative stress and high blood glucose level were occurring under diabetic condition. High prevalence of diabetes and expensive cost for treatment lead to development of alternative treatment for diabetes. Alkaline water with pH>7 acts as antioxidant and had been proven to lower blood glucose level via increase in glucose uptake. Metformin is the first line drugs for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of alkaline water and metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory with the randomized pre and post test controlled-group design. This research was using 24 in total of 2 months old male Wistar albino rats weighting 180-200 g. Rats induced by alloxan 155mg/kg bw on the first day, then randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments. Negative control group (K-) was given aquadest, positive control (K+) metformin 9mg/200g bw, Alkaline water 1 (Alk1) 23 ml, and alkaline water 2 (Alk2) 46 ml of alkaline water. These treatment was given once daily on the 5th until 12th day. Blood glucose level was measured three times: before induced by alloxan, after induced by alloxan, and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (? = 0.05) followed by Multiple Comparisons LSD (? = 0.05).Result: The mean of post-treatment blood glucose level on K-, K+, Alk1, Alk2 respectively (in mg/dl) were 242.3350,06; 67.8312.90; 71.838,37; 70.839.72. The result of Repeated Measures Anova showed significant difference on mean blood glucose level (p=0.000). The result of LSD on mean of blood glucose level reduction showed significant difference (p=0.000) between K- and K+, K- and Alk1, K- and Alk2. The results of LSD showed no significant difference between K+ and Alk1 (p=0.536) as well as K+ and Alk2 (p=0.280).Conclusions: Alkaline water has comparable effect with metformin on blood glucose level of diabetic model rats.Keywords: alkaline water, metformin, blood glucose level, alloxan
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus)Terhadap Struktur Histologis Paru Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Dipapar Asap Rokok Nurul Wahda Aulia; endang listyaningsih s; yulia sari .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: White Dragon fruit contains substances like vitamin A, E, C and polyphenolic compound that can counteract free radical. Cigarette smoke is a type of oxidant compound that causes oxidative stress and lung damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of White Dragon fruit extract on histological of the alveolar lung of mice exposed by cigarette smoke, and to find out whether the increase in dose enhanced the protective effect against histological of the alveolar lung exposed by cigarette smoke. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with the post-test only control group design. The subjects used in this experiment was male Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and 20g of body weight. Sampling technique was incidental sampling. Twenty eight mice were divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of 7 mice. Negative control group / KK(-) was administered distilled water. Positive Control Group/ KK(+) was administered distilled water, then, 2 hours later was treated with cigarette smoke. Treatment group 1 (KP1) and 2 (KP2) were administered white dragon fruit extract with dose 70 mg/20 g and 140 mg/20 g, successively, then, 2 hours later were treated with cigarette smoke. These treatments were performed for 14 days. On the day 15, all lungs of subjects were prepared for histological study. Lung damage was assessed by looking at the destruction of the alveolar septum, pulmonary edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Observation result were classified into normal category, moderate and serious. Then, the data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann Whitney test with ? = 0.05. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that at least one group had significantly greater effect than other groups with p = 0.004 (p <0.050). The Mann Whitney test showed significant difference between KK(-) KK(+), KK(-) - KK2, KK(+) - KK1 groups and no significant difference between KK(-) KK, KK(+) - KK2, KK1 KK2 groups. Conclusions: White Dragon fruit extract provided protective effect against mices lung histological damage from cigarette smoke. The increasing dose of White Dragon fruit extract did not enhance the protective effect of histological lung structure of the mice against cigarette smoke. Keywords:White Dragon fruit, cigarette smoke, histological damage of lung.
Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Kerusakan Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Rabi&#039;atul Adawiyah; . Muthmainah; Vitri Widyaningsih
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains betalain pigments consisting of betacyanin and betaxanthine that can protect the liver from free radicals. This research aims to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet against liver histological damage of mice caused by reheated palm oil. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post test only control group design. This research used male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and 20 g of body weight, each. Thirty samples of mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. Sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water. The exposure group (KP) and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3), mice were given reheated palm oil. KP1, KP2, KP3 were not only given reheated palm oil, but also were given ethanol extract of red beet in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg. These treatments were done for 14 days. On the 15th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and livers were made for preparation with Paraffin Block method and were stained with Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE). Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of each 100 cells in the third zone. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Results: Data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively were 27.171.47, 75.331.61, 61.921.56, 511.54, 43.081.73 and mean difference between KP-KP1, KP1-KP2, KP2-KP3 were 13.42, 10.92, 7.92. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score in the five groups, p < 0.001. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference among five groups, p < 0.001 and the most significant difference were between KP-KP2. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red beet provides protective effect against mice's liver histological damage caused by reheated palm oil and optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet is 11.2 mg/20 g of body weight. Keywords: Ethanol extract of red beet, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage.
Study on Antiinflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ginger Leaves (Zingiber officinale) in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Gisti Respati Riyanti; Endang Ediningsih; Amelya Augusthina Ayusari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a local protective response which is potentially hazard. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory effect. Existing research has used ginger rhizomes as its material, whereas flavonoid in ginger leaves is bigger than the rhizome. This research aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of ginger leaves in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental with posttest only controlled group design. This research was conducted at Setia Budi University. The subjects were 25 albino male rats 3 months old, weight 150 gr, which were taken by purposive sampling. The subjects were divided equally into 5 groups randomly, which negative control group (KN) were given normal saline and positive control (KP) were given indomethacin whereas test group 1 (KU1), test group 2 (KU2) and test group 3 (KU3), in order, were given 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg of ethanolic extract of ginger leaves per 100 gr of body weight orally. Inflammation induction was done by injection of 0.05 mlcarrageenan 1% of sub plantar. Rats foot edema volume was observed every hour for 6 hours after injection. Statistical analysis of the data was done including one way-Anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: The greatest inhibition of edema volume was at the 6th hour, KP (74.07%), KU3 (74.07%), KU2 (66.67%) and KU1 (48.15%). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences among 5 groups with p=0.002 (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney test showed p=0.068 for KP- KU1, p=0.429 for KP- KU2 and p=0.910 for KP-KU3. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of ginger leaves has anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats equivalent to indomethacin on the sixth hour after carrageenan induction. Keywords: ginger leaves, Zingiber officinale, anti-inflammatory, carrageenan, albino rats
Efek Antifungi Seduhan Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans In Vitro Irene Ardiani Pramudya Wardhani; Sri Haryati; Novan Adi Setyawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background : Brewed green tea contains antifungal substance such as polyphenol which is considered can inhibit fungal growth. The aim of this research is to determine antifungal effect of brewed green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) against Candida albicans growth In Vitro. Methods : The research was performed as experimental laboratory. The subject of this research were clinical sample of Candida albicans and taken randomly. This research used 7 treatment groups, they were sterilized aquadest as negative control, brewed green tea with concentration of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%, also fluconazole 25 g as positive control. This research was repeated four times. The plate was incubated at the temperature of 37C for 48 hours then inhibition diameter zone formed was measured. The data was analyzed by Linier Regression test then continued by Correlation test on IBM Statistics for Windows version 20. Results : The diameter of inhibition zone increased along with increasing concentrations, because higher concentration of brewed green tea contained more substances, and the diameter of concentration of 100% group is almost the same with diameter of positive control group. The results of statistical analysis using Linier Regression test showed that there are significant differences on seven of treatment groups (p < 0,05) and the Correlation test showed that there are close relation between concentration of brewed green tea and the diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion : Brewed green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has antifungal effect against Candida albicans growth In Vitro. Start from concentration of 60% up to 100%, there were antifungal effect, and the antifungal effect of concentration of 100% is close to fluconazole 25 g/ml. Keywords : Antifungal Effect, Brewed Green Tea, Candida albicans
Exposure Effect of Al-QuranMurattalon Spatial Memory on Albino Rat (Rattus novergicus) Abdurrahman Afa Haridhi; Nanang Wiyono; Yunia Hastami; Muthmainah Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Al Qur'an is Allah Subhanahuwataalas words which was sent as a miracle to Prophet Muhammad Sallallahualaihiwasallam as a guidance for mankind. Listening to Quran recitation (murattal) is known to increase the activity of alpha wave better than listening to classical music. In the previous study, listening to classical music is known to expand the spatial memory of albino rats. This study aimed to determine the effect of Al-Quran murattal exposure on albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)spatial memory.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Anatomy and Embryology Laboratory at FK UNS. A total of 14 male Wistar rats aged 14-21 days old were used as samples in this experiment.Samples were divided into control group (KK)and intervention group (KP) using randomized technique. KPwas exposed tomurattalaudio fromsurah Al-Baqarahby Syaikh Fahd Al-Kanderi through active speaker 12 hours/day for 28 days. The soundintensity ranged from 65-80dB was measured using sound level meter. The level of spatial memory was tested using Morris Water Maze test on the 29th to 33rdday. Probe test and sensorimotoric test was conducted on the 34th day. The resultthen analyzed with Independent t-Test and Mann Whitney (? = 0,05). Results: Spatial learning test shows average escape latency in KKand KP on the 1st dayat 35.55 and 33.20 seconds (s) respectively(p = 0.545), 2nd day (20.67s and 20.75s, p = 0.989), 3rd day (12.32s and 11.83s, p = 1.000), 4th day (15.78s and 10.37s, p = 0.036), 5th day (10.85s and 13.75s, p = 0,567). The probe test showed a significant difference (13,12s and 17.27s, p = 0,012) and sensorimotoric test did not show any significant difference (5.71s and 6.00s, p = 0,823). Conclusion: The Probe Test result indicated that Al-Quran murattal exposure increases the Spatial Memory persistence in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Keywords: murattal Al-Quran, spatial memory, Morris Water Maze

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