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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 292 Documents
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Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro Riza Deviana; Cr. Siti Utari; Brian Wasita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) has a terapeutic effect, such as antibacterial, anthelmintic and imunomodulator. This research was performed to understand the effect of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) fruit extract on death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro. Methods: This research was performed using experimental laboratory method with post-test only controlled group design. Adult Ascaris suum, Goeze (108 worms) were divided into 9 groups. The worms treated with NaCl 0.9 % solution and Piperazine 0.4% g/ml served as negative control and positive control group consecutively. The worms treated with increasing dose of Mengkudu fruits (Morinda citrifolia) extract (1% g/ml, 2% g/ml, 4% g/ml, 6% g/ml, 8% g/ml, 10% g/ml, and 12% g/ml) served as treatment groups. Observations were performed every half hour until the worms died. LC50 and LT50 were calculated using probit analysis. Statistic analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test continued by Post hoc Test with Bonferroni correction. Results: Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LT50 of Mengkudu fruits extract were 4.94% g/ml and 703.32 minutes. Kruskall-Wallis test showed that significance difference at least in the two groups. Post Hoc Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction test showed that treatment had significant difference (p < 0.001) to negative control and 12% g/ml group had significant difference to positive control group. Conclusions: Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) fruits extract can induce Ascaris suum death with the death time faster than standard medicine. Keywords: Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) extract, Ascaris suum, Piperazin.
The Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils of Curcuma mangga Rhizomes on Candida albicans Growth In Vitro Afifah Syifa Khairunnisa; Sri Haryati; Sigit Setyawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Candida albicans is a normal flora that can be turned into a pathogen on an immunocompromised person. Candida sp. infection, or commonly referred to candidiasis, can be treated with azole group such as fluconazole. Fluconazole has some side effects like gastrointestinal disorders, urticarial rash, and eosinophilia. The fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans has also been reported several times, so future research about antifungal substance is needed. Curcuma manggas essential oils contain some substances which has antifungal effect (caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, ?-pinene). The objective of this study is to know the antifungal effect of essential oil of Curcuma mangga rhizomes on Candida albicans growth in vitro. Methods: The study was quasi experimental laboratory with post test only group design study and have been performed in Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The subject of this study was Candida albicans taken from clinical sample with random sampling. Curcuma manggas essential oils which used in this study were diluted with ethanol 70% into various concentrations (1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3%, 3,5%). Subject was inoculated on Sabboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media with 6 mm diametric well, filled with each type of essential oil concentration. Inhibition zone diameter as the data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical test. Result: The antifungal effect of 2,5% until 3% concentration of Curcuma mangga rhizomes essential oils equals with the antifungal effect of ketoconazole 25g/mL and in 3,5% concentration of Curcuma mangga rhizomes essential oils exceed the antifungal effect of ketoconazole 25g/mL. Conclusions: Essential oils of Curcuma mangga rhizomes have antifungal effect on Candida albicans growth in vitro. Keywords: Curcuma mangga Val., essential oils, Candida albicans
Uji Sterilitas Instrumen Bedah Selama Penyimpanan di Kamar Operasi IGD RSUD Dr. Moewardi Rizki Banjar Kurniawan; . Hudiyono; . Purwoko
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in RSUD Dr. Moewardi still occurs frequently. SSI strongly relates to the sterilization quality of surgical instrument which is determined by the stage of sterilization process that includes cleaning, packaging, ordering in sterilizer, sterilizing process, distribution, and storage. The maximum storage length of sterile surgical instrument in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi is seven days. This research aimed to know the sterilization rate of surgical instrument stored in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Methods: Five samples were taken from post-steriliziation surgical instrument swab with varied storage length, those were 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days. A total of 35 samples were collected based on the rule of thumb with simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The result of 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 1 day storage was 1 positive sample with contamination and 4 negative samples. From 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 2 and 3 days storage, there was not any positively contaminated samples. Five samples of surgical instrument swab after 4 and 5 days storage showed 4 samples positively contaminated and 1 sample negative. From 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 6 and 7 days storage, there were 3 samples positively contaminated and 2 samples negative. The microorganisms of contaminant found were gram positive bacteria. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the length of surgical instrument storage and the contamination of microorganism (p = 0.017). Conclusions: There was a significant difference of bacteria growth rate on surgical instruments based on storage length. Surgical instruments stored in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi > 3 days were 33 times more likely contaminated than the surgical instruments stored ? 3 days (OR = 32,67; p < 0,001). Keywords: sterility, contamination of surgical instrument, storage length.
Pengaruh Pemberian Klorofil Terhadap Kenaikan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Tikus Model Anemia Faisal Hafidh; Jarot Subandono; Sri Hartati Hadinoto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Chlorophyll has a chemical structure similar to hemoglobin, it's just different on the central ion. Anemia is a disease in which the blood contains less hemoglobin than normal. This study aims to prove that chlorophyll can increase levels of hemoglobin and to determine whether the increase in dose of chlorophyll may increase hemoglobin. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with pretest and posttest control group design. Samples were female white rats, 2 to 3 months old, weighing approximately 200 grams. Thirty five samples were taken by incidental sampling and divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 7 rats. The control group was administered distilled water, in contrast the treatment group I (KPI) and II (KPII), each was treated 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg of chlorophyll once a day, while treatment group III (KPIII) and IV (KPIV), each was treated 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg of chlorophyll twice a day, respectivelly. This treatment was done for 14 days. Before acclimatization, 3 ml of rats blood was drawn from retro orbital vein. One week later, the rats blood was taken again for pretest purposes. On the day 15th, rats blood was taken again in the same way for the purposes of the posttest. Data were analyzed by Friedman test and Post Hoc Multiple Comparison (Wilcoxon) (? = 0.05). Results: Hemoglobin levels ot rats significantly increased in the chlorophyll-treated groups than in the group of no treated one. Friedman test showed significant differences between the groups treated chlorophyll and the group no treated one with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference between KPI-KPII, KPI-KPIII, KPI-KPIV, KPII-KPIII, KPII-KPIV, KPIII-KPIV the value of P> 0.05 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Chlorophyll increases hemoglobin levels significantly, but increasing the dose does not provide significantly increased hemoglobin. Keywords: chlorophyll, hemoglobin, anemia
Antibacterial Test of Skins and Gastric Mucosas Extract from Frog Duttaphrynus melanostictus Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from RSUD Dr. Moewardi Nanda Eka Sri Sejati; Hudiyono .; Dono Indarto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now becoming global public health problem. Meanwhile, new antibiotics development rate is limited. Duttaphrynus melanostictuss skin secretion was known to have antibacterial effect against some gram negative and gram positive bacterias, but cannot inhibit MRSA. This study aimed to investigate whether there is any antibacterial effects from skins and gastric mucosas extract of Duttaphrynus melanostictus against MRSA isolated from RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Methods : Antibacterial effect was tested with disc diffusion method. The extracted specimens were dorsal skin, ventral skin, and gastric mucosa. Each groups were divided into three category : 25.00 % concentration of extract, 2.50 % concentration of extract, and 1.25 % concentration of extract. Extracts were tested against MRSA from RSUD Dr. Moewardi and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as control. Clear zone diameter of each groups was compared with 10.00% , 1.00%, and 0.50% acetic acid and analyzed with nonparametric Mann Whitney test (? = 0.05). Results : Average of clear zone diameter from skins extract and gastric mucosas extract against MRSA from concentration 25.00%, 2.50%, 1.25% was : ventral (35.83 0.24 mm; 12.00 0.16 mm; 7.08 0.10 mm), dorsal (19.00 0.41 mm; 7.40 0.11 mm; 7.20 0.04 mm),and gastric mucosa (19.01 0.41 mm; 6.08 0.10 mm; 6.90 0.07mm). Mann Whitney test of antibacterial effect between extract and acetic acid showed ventral skins extract from all groups was significantly different with p = 0.020 (25.00 % ventral skins extract compared with 10.00 % acetic acid), p = 0.020 (2.50 % ventral skins extract compared with 1.00% acetic acid) and p = 0.019 (1.25% ventral skins extract compared with 0.50% acetic acid). Meanwhile, dorsals skin extract was significantly different in concentration 2.50% (p = 0.021) and 1.25% (p = 0.019). Gastric mucosas extract was significantly different in concentration 1.25% (p= 0.019). No difference of antibacterial effect from extract against both MRSA and MSSA (p = 0.974). Conclusion: Ventral skin extract from Duttaphrynus melanostictus had the most excellent antibacterial effects and was able to inhibit the growth of MRSA. Keyword : AMP, Duttaphrynnus melanostictus, MRSA, Ventral Skin
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Alanin Transaminase Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Aflifia Birruni Sabila; R.P. Andri Putranto; . Martini
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Seeds of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. contain various antioxidants such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins. They are thought having hepatoprotector effect. This study aimed to know the influence of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. to decrease alanin transaminase level in paracetamol-induced mice. Methods: Samples were 25 male mice, Swiss webster strain, 2-3 months old and + 25 g of weight, each. Samples were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 5 mice. Group K(-) were administered aquadest, while group K(+) were administered curcuma with the dose of 25 mg/25 g body weight of mice for 14 days. Group P1, P2 and P3 were consecutively administered mahagony seed extract with the dose of 0 mg, 14 mg and 28 mg/25 g body weight of mice for 14 days. Paracetamol was administered to groups of K(+), P1, P2, and P3 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On the 15th day, blood samples were taken and the ALT (alanine transaminase) level was measured with a Model 902 Automatic Analyzer Hitachi. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (? = 0.05) and Post Hoc Mann Whitney test (? = 0.05). Results: Mean rate of alanine transmainase of group K(-), K(+), P1, P2 and P3 was 54.04 7.74 U/L; 46.74 3.33 U/L; 173.5 39.445 U/L; 88.90 37.04 U/L and 73.18 7.46 U/L, consecutively Conclusions: There was correlation between the oral administration of mahagony seed extract (Swietenia mahogany Jacq.) and the decrease of alanin transaminase level in paracetamol-induced mice. Keywords: Alanin Transaminase (ALT), Seed extract of Swietenia mahagony Jacq.,
Delesi Gen APOBEC3B pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Ekkim Al Kindi; Afiono Agung Prasetyo; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background:HIV infection on human can get inhibition from intrinsic factor. Human can produce antivirus protein which is encoded by APOBEC3 gene. APOBEC3B (A3B) is one of APOBEC3 protein, which cannot be degradated by HIV vif protein. Therefore A3B protein is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication. But, A3B gene can get a deletion, which can decrease its effect in inhibiting HIV infection.The aim of this study was to find correlation between CD4 cells count in A3B gene deletion-positive respondents and A3B gene deletion-negative respondents. Methods: There were 51 HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta on November 2011, which were included as our respondents. We take respondentss blood and were isolated their DNA. Then, we run in PCR with deletion primer (Deletion_F dan Deletion_R) to detect if there was a deletion in A3B gene sequence. We run electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel with Loading Quick ?X174/HaeIII 72-1353bp as a marker. Then, we visualized the gel on Gel Documentation and was interpreted. Data of A3B gene deletion, respondentss description, HIV RNA detection, and CD4 cell count were analysed with Chi Square. Results:About 36 respondents (70.6%) were positive for deletion in A3B gene. Four of them were positive for HIV RNA detection. The average of CD4 cells count in respondents, who were positive for A3B gene deletion, was 426.86 407.4 cells/l and the others were 496.93 573.0 cells/l (p = 0.782). There were no correlation (p > 0.050) between A3B gene deletion in female respondents and CD4 cells count. A3B gene deletion was more likely to be found in female respondents (OR = 2.286; 95% CI : 0.669 7.808). Conclusions:There were no differences between the average of CD4 cell counts in A3B gene deletion-positive respondents and A3B gene deletion-negative respondents. Keywords:Polymorphism, Deletion, APOBEC3B, HIV
The Protection Effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the Kidney Histological Structure of Mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol Berlian Permata Sakti; Muthmainah .; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Centella asiatica L.Urban contains antioxidant compounds such as triterpenoid, essential oil and flavonoid. The compounds have significant activities to reduce oxidative stress that can make damage of kidney cells. This study aimed to investigate protection effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol. Method: This study was an experimental laboratory research. Samples were 30 mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 weeks old and 20 grams of weight. Samples were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice (Mus musculus). The control group (KK) was given no treatment, just regular feed. Induction group (KI) was induced by paracetamol but did not get any treatment, just got distilled water. KP1, KP2, and KP3 groups induced by paracetamol got treatment with Centella asiatica L.Urban extract at a dose of 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg per 20 gram of body weight. Kidney histological damage were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison test. Result: The ANOVA test for all groups showed that p value was 0.000 (p < 0.05). The post hoc multiple comparisons test showed the significant differences between group KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Centella asiatica L.Urban extract has a protection effect to kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol. Keyword : Centella asiatica L.Urban, paracetamol, kidney damage.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaves on Intestinal Motility of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Oleum Ricini Agil Noviar Alvirosa; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Endang Listyaningsih Suparyanti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction: Diarrhea is one of major problem in the world. There are about 2 billion cases of diarrhea with a mortality rate of 1.5 million per year in the world. Diarrhea is the first cause of death in infants and toddler, while in all age groups is the fourth leading cause of death in Indonesia. One of the pathogenesis of diarrhea is an increase of intestinal motility. Leaves of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) contains tannins, flavonoids and steroids which effect of intestinal antimotility. This study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves may inhibit intestinal motility in mice induced by oleum ricini. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental with posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 30 Swiss Webster male mice, aged 2-3 months, and weight 20 g. The samples were divided into 5 groups, namely Negative Control Group (KKN), Positive Control Group (KKP), Treatment I Group (KP1), Treatment II Group (KP2), and Treatment III Group (KP3) were respectively given distilled water; loperamide HCl; ethanol extract of soursop leaves with dose of 5.6 mg/20 g BW; dose of 11.2 mg/20 g BW; and dose of 22.4 mg/20 g BW. After 60 minutes, all of mice were given oleum ricini and it was waited until 45 minutes. Then all of mice were given 10.0% activated carbon suspension in 3.0% pulvis gummi arabicum and left for 20 minutes. Furthermore, the mice were sacrificed by spinal dislocation and their intestines were removed. Length of intestine through by activated carbon marker was measured and compared to the length of intestine entirely. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD (? = 0.05). Results: One Way ANOVA test results showed significant differences between the five groups with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The test results Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between KKN and KKP (p = 0.000), KKN and KP2 (p = 0.000), KKN and KP3 (p = 0.000); whereas there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between KKP and KP3 (p = 0.810). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) leaves can inhibit intestinal motility in mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini. Keywords: soursop leaves, oleum ricini, intestinal motility
Perbedaan Kadar Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Pada Propolis di Pasaran Wilayah Surakarta Devina Noviani Pramono; Diding HP; Sri Hartati Hadinoto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Propolis is composed of several kinds of biological and pharmacological components that can work as immunomodulator, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and antioxidants. This is mainly due to its chemical composition, one of which is Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE). The amount and composition of its chemical components are mainly affected by several factors, some of which are the type of plant vegetation, geographical position, solvent, bees, seasonal factor, and weather. This leads to the different composition of chemical component among different brands of propolis. The same phenomenon happens in Surakarta. This research aimed to reveal either or not the different of CAPE level exist among different brand of propolis found in Surakartas market. Methods: This research was an observational analysis using purposive sampling method. Samples were six different brands of propolis found in Surakartas market. The samples were divided into 6 groups which were P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6. Each group was measured five times. The measurement of CAPE level of each sample was done using UV Vis spectrophotometer with wave length of 700 nm using Prussian Blue method. Data analysis was done using one way Anova statistical test with SPSS 17.00 for Windows program. Results: The average level of CAPE found in propolis samples were P1 =11.5310.078 g/ml; P2 =5.4380.106 g/ml; P3 =12.5410.052 g/ml; P4 =9.0360.081 g/ml; P5 =10.5930.043 g/ml; and P6 =10.3660.133 g/ml with p value is below 0.001 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was a difference of CAPE level among propolis found in the market area of Surakarta. Keywords: CAPE, Propolis

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