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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Perbedaan Kadar Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester antara Propolis yang Diekstraksi dengan Etanol dan Air Riani Dwi Hastuti; Diding HP; Sri Hartati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins which is collected by honeybees. One of the major components of propolis is Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE). The use of various kinds of solvents in propolis extraction effects CAPE level. The aim of this research was to know the difference levels of CAPE in ethanol extract propolis and water extract propolis. Methods: This study was experimental research with post test only group design. Samples were raw propolis taken from bee farm in Gejen RT 03 RW 02, Kerjo, Karanganyar. Samples were extracted with maceration method using ethanol and water as solvents. Both of ethanol extract propolis and water extract propolis were divided into five samples. CAPE levels were determined by UV Vis spectrophotometer at wave length of 700 nm using Prussian Blue method. Data were analyzed using independent sample t test. Results: The result showed that the average of CAPE level in propolis extracted with ethanol was 12.26 0.658 g/mL, while the average of CAPE level in propolis extracted with water was 5.564 0.332 g/mL. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between propolis extracted with ethanol and water. Keywords: CAPE, ethanol extract propolis, water extract propolis.
Uji Efektivitas Sterilisasi dan Desinfeksi Ventilator Mekanik Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Rizky Saraswati Indraputri; Leli Saptawati; Eko Setijanto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Mechanical ventilator is a semicritical equipment that often contacts with mucous membrane or skin. The use of mechanical ventilator for long term can cause some complication, one of them is Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) which is the common nosocomial infection in ICU. Sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator decrease microorganism infection. Every hospital has their own sterilization and disinfection procedure of mechanical ventilator. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. Samples were taken from swab and circuit rinse of mechanical ventilator tube after sterilization and disinfection with storage and without storage process. A total of 30 samples were sampled for each tube and circuit based on the rule of thumb with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively and tested using Chi Square test. Result: There were 30 samples from circuit rinse which were negative from contamination. In tube swab, there were 8 samples positive from contamination. In 15 samples of tube swab without storage process, there were 2 positive samples and 13 negative samples from contamination. In 15 samples of tube swab with storage process, there were 6 positive samples and 9 negative samples from contamination. The microorganisms of contaminants were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The statistical analyses showed no significant relationship between both storage processes either sterilization or disinfection of mechanical ventilator and microorganism contamination (p = 0.226). Conclusion: Sterilization and disinfection of ventilator circuit at RSUD Dr. Moewardi are effective. While sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator are not yet effective. There is not a significant relationship between storage and the effectiveness of either sterilization or disinfection of mechanical ventilator. Keywords: sterilization, disinfection, mechanical ventilator
The Effect of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Fruit Juice on Renal Cell Histological Damage of Mice Induced by Rhodamine B Dea Saufika Najmi; Endang Listyaningsih Suparyanti; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) contains many antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, anthocyanins and ellagic acid that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on mice renal damage induced by Rhodamine B. Methods:This research was an experimental laboratory study with the posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 months old and 20 g of each weight. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 7 mice each. This research used consecutive sampling. Strawberry juice was given for 16 days in a row, while Rhodamine B (0.2 ml/20 gr of mice body weight) was given on 10th to 16th day. Negative Control Group (KK-) was given distilled water only. Positive Control Group (KK+) was given Rhodamine B. First Treatmennt Group (KP1) and Second Treatment Group (KP2) were given 0.4 ml and 0.8 ml of Strawberry fruit juice per 20 gr of mice body weight and Rhodamine B. On the 17th day, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. After that, the kidney was dissected out and made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with Hematoxilin Eosin (HE). The score of renal cells damage was determined by pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. The data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and Least Significant Differences (LSD) test (? = 0.05). Results:The result of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05). LSD test showed a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05) across all pair groups. Conclusions:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice showed nephroprotector effect against renal cell histological damage in mice induced by Rhodamine B. Keywords:Strawberry fruit juice, Rhodamine B, renal cell histological damage.
Oxonantenine Derives from Annona reticulata is a Potential Candidate of DPP-4 Inhibitor for Diabetes Therapy PRATHITA NITYASEWAKA; DONO INDARTO; YULIANA HERI SUSELO
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: DPP-4 inhibitor is a new diabetic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not achieve normal blood glucose levels using standard drugs such as metformin, sulfonylurea, meglitinide, thiazolidinedione, and ?-glucosidase inhibitor. Pharmacologically, DPP-4 inhibitor increases GLP-1 and GIP blood levels, leading to increase of insulin secretion. So far, Indonesian herbal plants have been used as an alternative therapy for diabetes but their active compounds have been unknown. The aim of this study was to identify phytochemicals derived from Indonesian herbal plants with DPP-4 inhibitor activity. Methods: This study was a bioinformatic study with a molecular docking method. Three-dimensional structure of DPP-4 was downloaded from Protein Data Bank with access code PDB 3F8S. Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was used as a standard ligand and was obtained from ZINC database with access code ZINC22007143. HerbalDB and Pubchem databases were used to search three-dimensional structures of Indonesian phytochemicals. Before running molecular docking, all phytochemicals were selected using Lipinskis rule of five criteria. Molecular docking of these phytochemicals with DPP-4 was performed three times using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Results of molecular docking were visualized using PyMol 1.7 and Chimera 1.9. Result: 422 Indonesian phytochemicals were docked with DPP-4. A lower binding affinity was observed in oxonantenine, compared with sitagliptin (-8.3 vs -8.5 kcal/mol respectively). In addition, oxonantenine has as same as binding sites with sitagliptin (Glu 205 and Glu 206). Oxonantenine interacts with DPP-4 at Tyr 547 as third residue, while third residue interaction of sitagliptin and DPP-4 was at Tyr 662. Oxonantenine was found in Annona reticulata. Conclusions: Oxonantenine which is an Indonesian phytochemicals may computationally become a candidate of DPP-4 inhibitor. In vitro study is needed to verify whether or not oxonantenine can inhibit DPP-4. Keywords: DPP-4, type 2 diabetes, molecular docking, oxonantenine.
Skrining Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Tenaga Kesehatan Bangsal Melati 1, Melati 2, dan Mawar 2 RSUD Dr. Moewardi Achmad Faiz Sulaiman; . Marwoto; . Purwoko
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: MRSA is known as one of main cause of nosocomial infection since found in 1961. In Indonesia, its prevalence reached 23,5%. Direct contact to healthcare workers can cause transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to patients. Carrier of chronic MRSA plays important roles on MRSA infection in hospital setting. This research aimed to know the incidence of MRSA nasal carriage of healthcare workers in RSUD Dr Moewardi Surakarta. Methods: This was an descriptive study using cross sectional design. Samples were taken from nasal swab of healtcare workers in wards of Melati 1, Melati 2 and Mawar 2. Samples were examined in Microbiology Laboratory of FK UNS. Total samples obtained were 74 according to total sampling theory. Data were analyzed descriptively and tested with Chi-Square tests. Results: The result of nasal swab from 26 healthcare workers in Melati 1 ward showed that there were 7 healthcare workers that were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and one of them was MRSA case. In Melati 2 ward, from 25 healthcare workers, ten of them were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and 8 out of 10 healthcare workers were MRSA cases. Whereas in Mawar 2 ward from nasal swab of 23 healthcare workers, six of them were colonized by Staphylococcus aureus and no MRSA case was found. Conclusions: The number of MRSA incidence in Melati 1, Melati 2 and Mawar 2 wards consecutively were 1.33%, 10.67% and 0%. Keywords: MRSA, healthcare worker, colonization.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Buah Nanas terhadap Ekspresi Caspase-3 dan Fragmentasi DNA Sel Adenokarsinoma Kolorektal WiDr Sintin Khotijah Pribadi; Dyah Ratna Budiani; Riza Novierta Pesik
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most diagnosed neoplasm in the world. Many approaches have been taken for therapy, especially targeted therapy. However, the resistance event still occurs due to constitutive activation of intracellular signaling. In the other hand, pineapple fruit [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] has bromelain enzyme that can specifically influence intracellular signaling and not only lead to inhibit proliferation but also lead apoptosis induction in neoplasm cell. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of pineapple fruit aqueous extract to caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation of apoptosis process in WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study with the post test only control group design. The samples of this research were WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells divided into 6 groups: Negative control group, Positive control group with doxorubicin 5 ?g/ml and four Treatment groups with 270 ?g/ml, 202.5 ?g/ml, 135 ?g/ml and 67.5 ?g/ml of extract concentration, each. The samples were incubated for 48 hours in 37oC and 5% CO2. The caspase-3 expression was determined by cytologic score of samples stained with caspase-3 antihuman antibody. The DNA fragmentation was determined by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The cytologic score was analyzed by one way ANOVA test and LSD test. Result: The result showed that there was significant difference between Positive control group and the other groups (p=0.000), but there wasnt significant difference between the Negative control group and the Treatment groups (p>0.05). The result from electrophoresis showed that there wasnt DNA fragmentation in WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion: The pineapple fruit aqueous extract did not increase caspase-3 expression and did not lead DNA fragmentation to WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells for 48 hours of treatment. Keywords: pineapple fruit aqueous extract, WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cell, caspase-3 expression, DNA fragmentation
Effect of Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on Histological Structure Damage in Mice (Mus musculus Linn.) Induced by Paracetamol Denalia Aurika; Ratih Dewi Yudhani; Muthmainah Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction: Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a liver injury caused by drug toxicity. About 41 out of 100.000 people suffer liver damage due to DILI. Most of this injury caused by excessive use of paracetamol. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) contains antioxidants that can protect liver from damage. The aim of this research was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of meniran extract on histological damage in liver cells induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. This research was conducted in Histology Laboratory FK UNS. Samples were 30 mice obtained by purposive sampling which characteristics were Swiss webster type, male, 2-3 months old, 20 gr of each weight. Samples divided randomly into 5 groups, each group has six mice. The normal group (KN) was given distilled water only. The negative control group (KK (-)) was given paracetamol toxic dose only. The positive control group (KK (+)) was given Curcuma and paracetamol toxic dose. A gradual dose (2.8 mg and 5.6 mg) of meniran extract was given daily to the first treatment group (KP 1) and second treatment group (KP 2) for 14 days respectively and added with paracetamol toxic dose (5 mg) on day 8th to 14th orally. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed and liver were taken for preparation with HE staining. Liver cells damage was identified by counting nucleus with pyknosis, karryorhexis, and karyolysis from 100 liver cells. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (? = 0.05). Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between 5 groups (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between KN-KK (-), KN-KK (+), KN-KP 1, KN-KP 2, KK (-)-KK (+). KK (-)-KP 1, KK (-)-KP 2, KK (+)-KP 1, KP 1-KP 2, but there was not significant difference between KK (+)-KP 2 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Meniran extract has hepatoprotective effect on histological structure damage of mices liver cells induced by paracetamol in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, paracetamol, liver cells histologic damage
Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Daun Andrographis paniculata Ness. pada Kultur Limfosit T Pasien Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Dedi Febriandaru; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Lilik Wijayanti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied clinical manifestations. SLE prevalence in Indonesia is being dominated with female, especially in their productive age. Certain etiology of SLE is still unknown until now, but genetic factors and immune system are being estimated as the primary factors. The first line therapy of SLE is cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately if being consumed more than six months, cyclophosphamide has several side effects, like bone marrow depression, infections, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis, and infertility. Because of that side effects, herbal medicine is being developed nowday. One of them is Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf. The aim of this study was quantitative cytotoxic test for Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf on T lymphocyte culture of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Methods: This study was anexperimental study. Subjects in this study were patients with SLE who appropriated SLEs criterias and normal people without allergy and autoimmune diseasess history. This study was done by doing T lymphocyte culture from intravenouss blood sample and observing cells absorbance with ELISA reader. Collected data were used for determining live cells percentage (IC50) and analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 11.00 for Windows. Mean resistance data was tested by linear regression test. Results:The result showed that IC50 dose of Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf extract treatment on SLE samples was smaller than the normal people. In Andrographis paniculata Ness. leafs extract treatment, IC50 in SLE = 0.00074 and in normal people = 0.19584. Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata Ness.leaf extract had stronger cytotoxic effect on T lymphocyte culture of patients with SLE than the normal people. Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf extract, T lymphocytes, IC50
Deteksi Gen E-Cadherin Pada Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Rongga Mulut dari Sampel Blok Paraffin Nabiel .; Pradipto Subiyantoro; Vita Nirmala A
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background : Oral cavity cancer is the most cancer type often found across the globe. The treatment and the progonosis of this cancer have a very good chance to succeed but otherwise the spread of the cancer cell (metastasis) has a very high extent on them. There are numerous cases to be found in metastasis process. This research aimed to detect E-Cadherin gene in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma from paraffin block samples. Methods : This research used a DNA product which resulted from DNA isolation of 14 parafin block samples. First, the products was amplified using PCR. Second, the PCR products were run in a gel electrophoresis to find out E-Cadherin gene on each sample. Results : Twelve samples that were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and amplified by PCR as well as run in gel electrophoresis using 2% of agarose showed positive bands of E-Cadherin gene. Otherwise, the same samples run in gel electrophoresis using 3% of agarose showed no positive band of E-Cadherin gene. Summary : Twelve samples that were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity showed positive bands of E-Cadherin gene in 2% of agarose and no one positive band of E-Cadherin gene in 3% of agarose. Keywords : E-Cadherin gene, paraffin blocks, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Rhodamin B Risky Pratiwi; . Muthmainah; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Strawberry contains flavonoid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid and vitamin C that can protect the liver from free radicals. The aims of this research are to know the effect of strawberry juice and the increasing of its dose on the liver histological damage of mice caused by rhodamine B. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post-test only control group design. The laboratory animal used in this experiment was male Swiss webster mice with 2-3 months old and 20 grams of each weight. Twenty eight samples were divided into 4 groups (KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2), each group consisted of 7 mice. The sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, while the exposure group (KP), the 1st treatment group (KP1), and 2nd treatment group (KP2) were given rhodamine B. The mice of KP1 and KP2 were given strawberry juice in dose 0.4 ml/20 gWt and 0.8 ml/20 gWt. These treatments were done for 16 days, then on the 17th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. Liver cell histological damages were assessed based on quantifying necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the first zone and third zone. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2 were 38.64 2.56; 157.64 2.87; 90.07 2.70; and 68.93 2.56, repeatedly. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed p = 0.000. The results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KP, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KP-KP1, KP-KP2, and KP1-KP2 with p = 0.000 for each groups. Conclusion: Strawberry juice reduces mices liver cell histological damage caused by rhodamine B and the increasing dose of strawberry juice can reduce liver cell histological damage. Keywords: Strawberry juice, rhodamine B, liver cell histological damage

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