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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Articles 382 Documents

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CRYPTOCOCCAL ANTIGENEMIA IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS USING LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION AT Dr. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA Widjaja, Sajuni; Triyono, Erwin Astha; Kawilarang, Arthur Pohan; Rohiman, Abu
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Cryptococcus infection in HIV / AIDS patients results in cryptococcal meningitis, a major cause of subacute meningitis with 100% mortality if not receiving appropriate antifungal therapy. An examination of cryptococcal antigen will provide risk information for patients who will experience cryptococcal meningitis. Better diagnosis in asymptomatic and symptomatic phases of cryptococcosis are key components to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients treated at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Cryptococcal antigenemia was examined in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection and CD4+ T cell lymphocyte count <200 cell /Î¼l. The examination used a lateral flow assay diagnostic tool, a simple FDA(Food and Drug Administration)-approved immunochromatographic test system for detection of capsular polysccharide antigens of Cryptococcus species complex (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii) in blood. This test meets all of the World Health Organization ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user friendly, rapid/robust, equipment-free, and delivered). Sensitivity and specifiticy of this method from serum are both 100%. There were 3 positive cryptococcal antigenemia from 41 serum HIV / AIDS patients with suspected cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment- Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. All of these patients were male aged over 36 years, had CD4+ T cell lymphocytes <100 cell /Î¼l and had never received antiretroviral therapy before. The proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya was 7.32%.

Comparison of Neutralizing Antibody Response to Type 1 Polio Virus on Healthy Infants Receiving either Oral Monovalen Polio Vaccine Type 1 or Oral Trivalen Polio Vaccine Given with Basic DTP/Hb Immunization Hartati, Edim; Ismoedijanto, Ismoedijanto; Soegijanto, Soegeng
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

In March 2005, there was outbreak of Polio-1 and expanded throughout Java and Sumatera island. Oral monovalent polio vaccinetype 1 (mOPV1) had succeeded in evereeming polio outbreak in Indonesia in 2005. This study aimed to compare neutralizing antibodyresponse to type 1 polio virus in healthy infants receiving either mOPV1 or oral trivalent Polio Vaccine (tOPV), given with other basicvaccination (DTP/HB). Randomized controlled singel blind clinical trial on healthy infants range age 42 to 80 days who had receivedfirst oral polio vaccine before 1 month of age. Trial group received mOPV1 and control group tOPV, each had 3 times of vaccination.Blood samples were taken three times (pre vaccination, post second and third vaccination) for measurement of neutralizing antibody topolio virus. Thirty subjects from mOPV1 group and 29 from tOPV group were analyzed. Post second vaccination, mOPV1 group (456)had more increase in geometric mean titer of neutralizing antibody than tOPV group (317) but not significant (p=0.514). Post thirdvaccination the level of neutralizing antibody titer was almost equal in both groups. Proportion of seroconversion to type 1 polio virusin mOPV1 group 53.9%, 57.7% and tOPV group 25.9%, 41.7% (on second and third evaluation respectively), both were statisticallyinsignificant. Antibody response measured by neutralizing antibody titer and proportion of seroconversion on antibody to type 1 poliovirus in healthy infants receiving mOPV1 vaccination was similar to they receiving tOPV.

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER(II)CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE AGAINST DENGUE VIRUS TYPE-2 IN VERO CELL Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Churrotin, Siti; Setyawati, Harsasi; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Martak, Fahimah; Soegijanto, Soegeng
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Infection of dengue virus (DENV) was number of globally significant emerging pathogen. Antiviral dengue therapies ar importantly needed to control emerging dengue. Dengue virus (DENV) is mosquito-borne arboviruses responsible for causing acute systemic diseases and grievous health conditions in humans. To date, there is no clinically approved dengue vaccine or antiviral for humans, even though there have been great efforts towards this end. Copper and copper compounds have more effective in inactivation viruses, likes an influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Purpose in this project was investigated of Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate antiviral compound were further tested for inhibitory effect on the replication of DENV-2 in cell culture. DENV replication was measures by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with selectivity index value (SI) was determined as the ratio of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) to inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for compound. The maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate against dengue virus type-2 was 0.13 Î¼g/ml. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of compound against Vero cell was 5.03 Î¼g/ml. The SI values for Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate 38.69. Result of this study suggest that Copper(II)chloride Dihydrate demonstated significant anti-DENV-2 inhibitory activities and not toxic in the Vero cells. Copper mechanisms play an important role in the prevention of copper toxicity, exposure to excessive levels of copper can result in a number of adverse health effects, as a result increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to lipid, DNA, and proteins have been observed in human cell culture models or clinical syndromes of severe copper deficiency and inhibition was attributed to released cupric ions which react with cysteine residues on the surface of the protease.

SEZARY SYNDROME MIMICKING GENERALIZED PSORIASIS VULGARIS Lynoora, Eko Rianova; Rahmadewi, Rahmadewi
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Sezary syndrome is the leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. This disease is characterized by some reddish patches or plaques all over the skin which extends to the whole body into erythroderma, lymphadenopathy. It is also indicated by the presence of atypical lymphocytes called Sezary cells. This case report is aimed to know clinical manifestation, examination and management of Sezary syndrome which clinically resembles generalized psoriasis. A 60 years old man came with scaly reddish brown plaques almost all over his body. It was accompanied by lymphadenopathy on the supraclavicular lymph node right and left as well as intense itchy. Other clinical features were alopecia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, onychodysthropy, facies leonine without anesthesia on the lesion and enlargement of peripheral nerve. From a laboratory test, an increase in the number of leukocytes and, Sezary cells were found in peripheral blood smear examination; while the histopathology showed focal athrophy and acanthosis of the epidermis and dense infiltration of lymphocytes in the dermo-epidermal junction and superficial dermis. Patient received 3 x 5 mg (1 cycle) of methotrexate (MTX) with 0,1% cream mometasone furoate and 3x1 tablet of CTM for adjunctive therapy. Methotrexate was discontinued because there was a disturbance in liver function and deterioration of patient's condition. After 25 days of treatment, the patient got sepsis and then passed away. Early onset of Sezary syndrome in this case is difficult to know because the clinical manifestation is similar with psoriasis vulgaris. Supporting examination such as laboratory test, blood smears and histopathology examination could help the diagnosis. The presence of lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the extensive skin involvement reflect the poor prognosis. The most common cause of death was sepsis.

INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF COBALT(II)–MORIN COMPLEX AGAINST THE REPLICATION OF DENGUE VIRUS TYPE 2 Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Churrotin, Siti; Setyawati, Harsasi Setyawati; Mulyatno, Kris Cahyo; Amarullah, Ilham Harlan; Ueda, Shuhai; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Sumarsih, Sri; Wardhani, Puspa; Bendryman, Sri Subekti; Aryati, Aryati; Soegijanto, Soegeng; Kameoka, Masanori
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 6 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant pathogen emerging worldwide as a cause of infectious disease. Antidengue treatments are urgently required to control the emergence of dengue. DENV is a mosquito-borne disease responsible for acute systemic diseases and serious health conditions. DENVs were distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical areas and transmitted to humans by Aedes agypty and Aedes albopictus. Dengue vaccine or antiviral has not yet been clinically approved for humans, even though there have been great efforts toward this end. Antiviral activity against DENV is an important alternative for the characterization and development of drugs. Metal–organic compounds were reported to exhibit fungicidal, bactericidal, and antiviral activities its inhibitory activity was not significant, at high concentration it was more toxic to replicating cells than to stationary cell monolayers of Vero cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral effects of Cobalt(II)–Morin complex. This compound was further investigated for its inhibitory effect on the replication of DENV-2 in Vero cells. The replication of DENV was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the value of selectivity index (SI). SI was determined as the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) to the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 value of the Cobalt(II)–Morin complex for DENV-2 was 3.08 µg/ml, and the CC50 value of the complex for Vero cells was 3.36 µg/ml; thus, the SI value was 1.09. The results of this study demonstrate the antidengue serotype 2 inhibitory activity of Cobalt(II)–Morin complex and its high toxicity in Vero cells. Further studies are not required before Co(II)–Morin can be applied in the treatment of DENV-2 infections.

Intestinal Parasites Infection in AIDS Patients with Chronic Diarrhea at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya Prasetyo, R. Heru
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

One of the mayor health problems among HIV-infected patients is opportunistic infection due to the defect of immunity. A cross sectional study was showed current the prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea were being treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during the period June 2007 to May 2008. Fecal samples were collected from 122 AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea. Samples were examined for intestinal parasites using modified acid fast stain. Ninety-seven (79.5%) of the 122 were found to have intestinal parasitic infections, Entamoeba histolytica (61.5%; 75/122), Cryptosporidium (52.5%; 64/122), Giardia lamblia (5.73%; 7/122), and Trichuris trichiura (0,82%; 1/122). This study shows that parasitic infections are important clinical complications in AIDS patients in Surabaya Indonesia

NO ASSOCIATION OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS AGGRESSIVENESS AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 6 AND 11 Perdana, Rizka Fathoni; Herawati, Sri; Suroso, Bakti; Aksono, Eduardus Bimo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx among children as a result of HPV infection mainly type 6 and 11. RRP is still considered as serious problem since papilloma in the airway can cause hoarseness and obstruction which later described as aggressive and non aggressive types. Patients underwent multiple surgeries to keep airway patency and in order to communicate vocally. Previous studies reported that HPV-11 was associated with a more aggressive disease course. This study aim is to determine the association of RRP aggressiveness with HPV-6 and 11. Papilloma specimens were taken from patients who underwent surgical treatment of RRP patients and subjected HPV typing. All 17 patients with completed data and epidemiologic questionaires were defined for their staging to disease severity. Informations in the database were analyzed to identity statistically significant relationship with HPV type and knowing the HPV type is to predict the disease course. 17 patients RRP (12 males and 5 females) with age at onset 3,15 + 2,28 years and age at diagnosis 3,81 + 2,51 years. Surgery was performed 2,71 ± 1,16 times per year and 9 patients treated more than 3 surgeries per year. 10 patients had distal papilloma and 11 patients had tracheotomy. Agrressive disease was show found in 14 patients among 17 patients. HPV-11 was detected in 10 patients, HPV-6 was detected in 7 patients. According to the statisitcal analysis (Chi square test), there is no relationship between HPV type and disease aggressiveness. HPV-6 and 11 are not the only cause that affect the aggressiveness of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.

A STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN AGENT, HOST, ENVIRONMENT AND VACCINE FACTORS WITH PREVALENCE OF RABIES IN INDONESIA 2015 Setyowati, Tyas Ika Budi; Machmud, Putri Bungsu
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

A zoonotic disease has been global threat related to health and one of them is rabies. More than 150 countries around the world has infected by rabies disease problem and the case fatality rate (CFR) reaches 100%, which there are 55,000 people died every year because of rabies. In Indonesia, there are 25 from 34 province, which has endemic of rabies disease. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between the factors of the agent, host, and environment and also anti rabies vaccine with the prevalence of rabies in Indonesia at 2015. The study used correlation design which using Indonesian zoonotic reported data by Ministry of Health and also used other secondary data, which is provided by central bureau of statistic Indonesia (BPS). The provinces that included in this study are the endemic provinces associated with the rabies incident that reported to Ministry of Health and have the completeness of data in 2015. A total of 22 provinces was included in this study, which only use Rabies cases from dog's bite only. Rabies that source from others animal's bite could not included in this study because of data limitations. This study used simple linear of regression statistical tests through provincial as unit analysis. The result of this study showed that there were correlations between agent that have positive specimens (r=0.606, P value =0.0003), status of working participation rate (r=0.435, P value 0.004) and also coverage of rabies vaccine (r=-0.567, P value =0.041) with the prevalence of rabies disease. In summary, there are a positive correlation between positive specimen of agent and also status of working participant rate with the prevalence of rabies disease. However, rabies vaccine coverage has negative correlation. Furthermore, there is no correlation between environment factors and prevalence of rabies disease in this study. It still need further research to be more research on a smaller level with variables that varied.

Cognitive Behavior Change for the Improvement of Health Care, Cognitive Function and School Achievement in Helminth Infected Children Sakti, Hastaning
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Overall helminth infection prevalence in Central Java in 2002 was high (20–100%). Unfortunately, the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of children and their parent's about worm infection were in general very low. Objective of this study was to determine the improvement of parents' health care behavior on helminth infected children by improving their KAP, in order to decrease re-infection rate of helminth infestation and improving school achievement. Design study is quasi experiment with pre and post test control group design on community participation toward school aged children in Sragen sub-district in Central Java. A sample of one hundred and thirty one of children deriving from a systematic random sampling was used in the study and divided into 66 children for intervention population and 65 children for control population. During the study, the children in selected area were given with 400mg chewable albendazole, and after a month, their stools were examined to find out the negatives. Parent's participation was needed in improving the KAP on re-infestation that was performed by an intervention using a module. Data were analysed using chi-square test to determine therelationship between variables among groups. Stools were examined for the presence of geohelminth's egg using Kato-Katz Technique.Three subject matters (Mathematics, Indonesian Language and Natural Science) were obtained by a special tool. Digit Span, Codingand Stroop Test were used to determine the level of cognitive function. Monitoring and the ladder-snake game were use to observe the improvement of the behavior. It revealed that re-infestation of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichhiura and Oxyuris vermicularisoccurs 2 times greater in control group, even there was no significant different. In both groups, there was no hookworm re-infestation.A good knowledge and attitude can be predicted to be a better practice to prevent the re-infestation. Oxyuris vermicularic re-infection could have adverse effect on study Achievement (Mathematics, Indonesian Language and Natural Science) and The Cognitive Function, such as memory, attention, visual-motoric co-ordination. The moshly affected cognitive function was memory-based and specifically represented the components of the working memory. From the monitoring of health care behavior, this study found that the more convinced the mothers in changing their degree of family's health were, the higher the level of children's health was.

THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa) EXTRACT AGAINST Staphylococcus epidermidis IN VITRO Lusida, Terrence Timothy Evan; Hermanto, Bambang; Sudarno, Sudarno
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis is still a common problem in many hospitals. Factor determining biofilm formation makes it harder for atibiotics to cure the infection. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), a well known traditional medicine plant, is a potential candidate as a drug againts infectious disease. The purpose of this research is to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx againts the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Assessment for antibacterial effect is performed using broth diffusion method. The extract is made by maceration of the calyx of Roselle in 96% ethanol. Extracts with concentration of 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.90, 1.95, 0.97, 0.48, 0.24 mg/mL are added into separated Mueller-Hinton broths (MHB), which have already been inoculated by Staphylococcus epidermidis. As for bacterial growth control, we used MHB with bacterial inoculation, while sterility control we used mixture of extract and MHB. Then from each broth, the solutions are added into separated nutrition agar plates. Replications are done three times. Clarity and bacterial growth are observed after 24 hours of incubation. However, clarity cannot be observed in 36 broth, but bacterial growth is observed on the plate for concentration 0.97, 0.48, and 0.24 mg/mL. Therefore Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) cannot be determined because the extract's color interfere the observation. While minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the last concentration before the concentration where the bacteria are still viable, is 1.95 mg/mL. Based on the result of the research, the Roselle calyx ethanol extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) through dilution method with a concentration of 1.95 mg / mL can kill Staphylococcus epidermidis and in order to find MIC in collored and turbid solution (before being incubated in incubator), we can consider using agar dilution methode or microdilution methode.

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