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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Articles 382 Documents

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BETLE LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL FOR HEMOPHILIAC PATIENTS AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS ON MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Aisyah, Nourmalasari; Lestari, Puji; Setyawati, Harsasi
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Betle leaf (Piper betle L.) is a medicinal plant. It contains essential oil and shows various biological activities, such as antibacterial, anticoagulant, etc. It is further reported to have low anticoagulant activities; thus, it is highly potential as a candidate for coagulant drug. Coagulant is used to prevent bleeding for patients with blood clotting disorders like hemophilia. In Indonesia, 1,236 people were reported with hemophilia. The standard parameters of anticoagulant activity are the freezing period and the compound concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of betle leaf's essential oil on blood coagulation in patients with factor VIII and IX of blood plasma disorders. The isolation of essential oil is conducted through steam distillation method with two kinds of solvents, namely distilled water and n-hexane. The obtained n-hexane extract is then separated from the liquid-liquid extraction and rotary evaporator. Essential oil is diluted with citrate plasma solution. The test results of blood clots increase as the concentration of essential oils increase. The results are recorded as such: essential oils ½ times dilution of 99.67 seconds; ¼ times dilution of 127 seconds; 1/8 times dilution of 179 seconds; and 1/16 times dilution of 242.67 seconds. The test above proves that the piper betle extract possesses a coagulant activity. The ethanol extract contained in the piper betle could stimulate clotting in the blood cells. It is caused by the increase of blood plasma concentration which further escalate the plasma fluid into the blood cells. Based on this study, the activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be obstructed by betle leaf in ½ times dilution. The extract significantly reduces acid which accelerates bacteria development.

A REVIEW ON THE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF Rennellia elliptica Korth Osman, Che Puteh; Ismail, Nor Hadiani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 6 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Rennellia elliptica, popularly dubbed as Malaysian Ginseng, is widely used in traditional medicine among the local Jakun community in Endau-Rompin State Park, Pahang, Malaysia. The decoction of the roots is traditionally taken for treatment of body aches, as postpartum tonic, as aphrodisiac and for the treatment of jaundice. In the effort of searching new botanical drugs and drug candidates from tropical rainforest, the team from this laboratory had conducted a sizeable phytochemical and biological screening program of tropical plant at Endau Rompin State Park, Pahang with the help from the indigenous people. R. elliptica showed strong antiplasmodial activity in vitro with the IC50 value of 4.04µg/mL. The comprehensive study on the root extract of R. elliptica in this laboratory yielded seventeen compounds from four different classes, including 2 new pyranoanthraquinones, one new anthraquinone, eleven known anthraquinones, one lactone triterpenoid, one coumarin and one phenolic acid. The chemical profile of the root extract was established using HPLC and the selected marker compounds were used as external standards and quantified using standard calibration curve. Nordamnacanthal 5, damnacanthal 7, 2-formyl-3-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone 6, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone 11 and 1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone 3 were determined at 3.57, 10.32, 4.47, 12.18 and 4.09 µg/g, respectively. Owing to the toxicity of dichloromethane, the extraction of the desired marker compounds was attempted using accelerated solvent extraction and soxhlet extraction using ethanol and water at different compositions. R. elliptica root extract and the isolated anthraquinones showed potential antiplasmodial activity, and the active compounds were probed for their mode of action. In addition, the dichloromethane root extract of R. elliptica and the selected anthraquinones were screened for anticancer, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as toxicity study in vitro. The review summarizes the findings on Rennellia elliptica which includes phytochemistry, toxicity and its biological activities. The chemotaxonomic significance of Rennellia elliptica is also discussed

TTC Repeats Variation of Mycobacterium leprae Isolates for Analysis of Leprosy Transmission in Leprosy Endemic Area in East Java, INDONESIA Adriaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, Ratna; Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi; Agusni, Indropo; Izumi, Shinzo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

East Java province still has some pocket of leprosy endemic areas. In order to solve the problem, molecular typing will make it feasible to study the transmission pattern of Mycobacterium leprae in leprosy endemic area. The present study is to analyze the presence of M.leprae DNA in the environment and to study variation number of TTC repeats and their distribution. Poteran Island is located in Madura, East Java and was chosen because this island has a high prevalence of leprosy and remains stable for the last five years. All samples were analyzed by PCR and the numbers of TTC repeats were confirmed by direct sequencing. Of all collected samples, 26.4% isolates of water resources (24); 61.9% nasal swabs (26); and 35.3% skin tissues (24) are positives. No statistically difference in the pattern distribution of TTC repeats between skin tissues of patients and nasal swab of households contact (p=0.594); also distribution of TTC repeats between skin tissues of leprosy patients and those of water resources (p=0.441); and distribution of TTC repeats between nasal swab of households contact with water resources (p=0.906). It means that the transmission of M.leprae in leprosy endemic area has closely related in 3 aspects: agent, host & environment.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS L. MERR) EXTRACT AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: AN IN VITRO STUDY Zharfan, Rahmat Sayyid; Purwono, Priyo Budi; Mustika, Arifa
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infection which is responsible for 10% of hospital-acquired infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa tends to mutate and displays potential for development of antibiotic resistance. Approximately, 10% of global bacterial isolates are found as Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a quite tremendous severity index, especially on pneumonia and urinary tract infections, even sepsis, which 50% mortality rate. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) has antimicrobial properties. The active antimicrobial compounds in Ananas comosus L. Merr include saponin and bromelain. This research aims to find the potency of antimicrobial effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) extract towards Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimen is obtained from patient's pus in orthopaedic department, Dr Soetomo Public Hospital, Surabaya. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimen is resistant to all antibiotic agents except cefoperazone-sulbactam. This research is conducted by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) through dilution test with Mueller-Hinton broth medium. Pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is dissolved in aquadest, then poured into test tube at varying concentrations (6 g/ml; 3 g/ml; 1.5 g/ml; 0.75 g/ml, 0.375 g/ml; and 0.1875 g/ml). After 24 hours' incubation, samples are plated onto nutrient agar plate, to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The extract of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) has antimicrobial activities against Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) could not be determined, because turbidity changes were not seen. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L. Merr) to Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 0.75 g/ml. Further study of in vivo is needed.

3'UTR Polymorphism of NRAMP1 Gene and Susceptibility to Lung Tuberculosis among Patients and Nurses in Surabaya, Indonesia Anggraini, Rahayu
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The objectives of this study was to evaluate a potential role for natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene in the human homologue using four single base pair polymorphisms (D543N, 3'UTR, INT4, 274C/T) for susceptibility to tuberculosis infection in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study population were 69 lung tuberculosis patients and 43 healthy nurses were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the product amplified from their genomic DNA were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion (RFLP) and were analysed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results of this study showed only the homozygous TGTG deletion allele at the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene i.e. the TGTGdel/del genotype was more frequently found in lung tuberculosis patients (20/69=29%) compared to that found in nurses (2/43=4.7%). The Odds ratios (ORs) were 8.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85 to 37.94; p=0.002). This finding shows that polymorphism 3'UTR of NRAMP1 gene increased the risk of lung tuberculosis in Surabaya, Indonesia.

PLASMA LEAKAGE PROFILES OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER PATIENTS IN RSUD Dr. SOETOMO, SURABAYA, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA JANUARY – JUNE 2014 Rizaliansyah, Ferdian; Aryati, Aryati; Rusli, Musofa
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Plasma leakage is one crucial point of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that differentiates it from dengue fever (DF). DHF has to meet 4 criteria which are 2 – 7 days of acute fever, hemorrhagic manifestation, thrombocytopenia (â‰¤100.000 cells/mm3) and evidence of plasma leakage. Plasma leakage consists of increasing hematocrit â‰¥20%, hypoalbuminemia or evidence of pleural effusion or ascites. Often doctors only base their DHF diagnosis on the presence of thrombocytopenia. This study analyzed the presence of plasma leakage between adult and pediatric patients with a DHF diagnosis in RSUD Dr. Soetomo in order to make the diagnosis and healthcare services better in the future. This was a retrospective study which used medical records of DHF patients admitted from January to June 2014. 78 cases were included, 24 adult patients (31%) and 54 pediatric patients (69%). 29/78 (37%) patients had no evidence of plasma leakage. No adult patients had ascites whereas 11/54 (20%) pediatric patients presented with ascites. No adult patients had pleural effusion whereas 25/54 (53%) pediatric patients did. Most adult patients that had serum albumin checked had normal albumin levels (12/14 [86%]) while only 14/28 (52%) pediatric patients had normal albumin level. 5/22 (23%) adult patients versus 32/53 (60%) pediatric patients showed hematocrit increments â‰¥20%. Patients admitted with dengue virus infection may currently be often misclassified as DHF because there are no plasma leakage manifestation in some patients.. There are significant differences in plasma leakage manifestations between adult and pediatric patients which poses a theory that pediatric patients are more susceptible to have plasma leakage manifestations than adult patients.

FEVER AS INDICATOR TO SECONDARY INFECTION IN DENGUE VIRAL INFECTION Soegijanto, Soegeng; Nuryandari, Sufiandika; Churrotin, Siti; Sucipto, Teguh Hari
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Dengue Virus Infections are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions and transmitted by the mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus can cause dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome or dengue and severe dengue classified by World Health Organization. Beside it concurrent infection virus salmonella had been found some cases who showed fever more than 7 days. Concurrent infection with two agents can result in an illness having overlapping symptoms creating a diagnostic dilemma for treating physician, such as dengue fever with typhoid fever. The aim of this research is detection of dengue virus and secondary infection with Salmonella typhi in patients suspected dengue virus infection. Detection of dengue virus and Salmonella typhi using immunochromatography test such as NS1, IgG/IgM for dengue virus infection, and IgM/IgG Salmonella and blood culture. The fifty children with dengue virus infection came to Soerya hospital and 17 cases suspected dengue virus infection, five cases showed a positive NS1 on the second day of fever and one case concurrent with clinical manifestation of convulsi on the third days of fever there were five cases only showed positive. It was showed in this study that on the fourth to six day of fever in dengue virus infection accompanied by antibody IgM & IgG dengue. There were 12 cases showed the clinical manifestation of concurrent dengue viral infection and Salmonella, all of them showed a mild clinical manifestation and did not show plasma leakage and shock. In this study we found the length of stay of concurrent Dengue Virus Infection and Salmonella infection is more than 10 days. These patients were also more likely to have co-existing haemodynamic disturbances and bacterial septicaemia which would have required treatment with inotropes and antibiotics. This idea is very important to make update dengue viral management to decrease mortality in outbreak try to gain new prevention method before the occurrence of outbreak.

FACTOR RELEATED OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTENCY ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PASIENT IN LABUANG BAJI HOSPITAL MAKASSAR Saleh, Sapriadi; Syahridha, Syahridha
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Tuberculosis become crucial diseases in the world. The disease can spread rapidly since it spreads through the air. The transmission through coughing and sneezing from droplet TB Patients. Containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be exposed to anyone who is around the patient. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that affect the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Labuang Baji Hospital Makassar. The research design is cross sectional approach. This study is conducted in June–July 2017 with a total sample of 60 respondents. Based on the data analysis, it is found that there were 34 respondents (56.7%) from 15–34 years old group and 26 respondents (43.3%) from 35–54 years old group. There were 35 female respondents (58.3%) and 25 male respondent(41.7%), is respondents with positive VCT test result and 45 respondensts (74.0%) with negatif VCT test, 54 respondents (90,0%) who have treatment history previously, 45 respondents (78.3%) have history with TB contact, 45 respondents (75.6%) who had good knowledge. 51 respondents (95%) with anti tuberculosis drug resistance. The result of statistical test using Chi-Square test is showed that there was a significant correlation between treatment history and anti tuberculosis drug resistance with p = 0.024 < α = 0.05. But, there was no relationship between sex and knowledge with anti tuberculosis drug resistance with p value 0.56 and 0.566 (p value > α = 0.05). It is recommended to health worker to give health education for patient and their family, so they can do their treatment until the patients are cured. It can prevent the patient to be anti tuberculosis drug resistance patient.

ONYCHOMYCOSIS FINGER AND TOE NAIL BY CRYPTOCOCCUS LAURENTII.T VERRUCOSSUM AND CANDIDA SP Widasmara, Dhelya; Sari, Diane Tantia
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease and contributes to 50% of all cause of onychodystropy. Onychomycosis cases due to Cryptoccus laurentii and Trychophyton spp. are quite rare. The most common cause of onychomycosis reported in Indonesia is Candida sp. Risk factors for onychomycosis include moisture, occlusion, nail trauma, decreased immunity, slow nail growth, wide nail surface, and genetic factors. Old age, cancer, psoriasis, dermatophyte infection at other sites is also a risk factor. A 54 year-old woman, with brittle nails and cracked palms since 6 months before came to outpatient clinic. She is a farmer and work in the rice fields without gloves daily; she also rarely wash her hands after work. Dermatologic examination of all right and left finger nail is revealed yellow, white, and some blackish discoloration, subungual hyperkeratotic, onycholysis, and onychodystrophy. In the right and left palm, revealed multiple erythematous and yellow-white hyperkeratotic plaques, with fissures and rough scales. From nail clippings, a 20% KOH examination revealed long branching hyphae, periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed spores, and fungal culture revealed growth of Criptococcus laurentii and Trichophyton spp. colonies. We gave itraconazole pulse dose: 2 x 200 mg tablet orally per day for a week every month. Other treatment was using 20% urea cream. Follow up at 8 weeks after therapy is showed clinical and mycologic improvement. The incidence of onychomycosis due to Cryptoccus laurentii and Trychophyton spp. is still rare. Thepredisposing factor of infection in these case is suspected due to old age and her habitual contact with the paddy fields without gloves and rarely wash her hand after work.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBAL MOSQUITO COILS "MORIZENA” AGAINST Aedes Aegypti DEATH Susilowati, Rina Priastini; Darmanto, Win; Aminah, Nanik Siti
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

It has been successfully found new herbal mosquito coils called "Morizena” made from Passiflora foetida leaf extract (40%), Chrysantemum cinerariaefolium flowers seed extract (40%), essential oils of leaves-stems of Cymbopogon nardus (20%). The herbal mosquito coils are more effective to kill Aedes aegypti compared to commercial synthetic mosquito coils made from Transfluthrin. Treatment of exposure to herbal mosquito coils "Morizena” on Aedes aegypti for 8 hours/day with concentration 500 ppm (P1), 1000 ppm (P2), 2000 ppm (P3), 3000 ppm (P4), 4000 ppm (P5) and treatment of exposure to synthetic mosquito coils Transfluthrin 2500 ppm (K1) as a positive control, and without treatment of exposure to mosquito coils (K0) as a negative control. Experimental animals used were adult Ae. aegypti mosquito with 25 mosquitoes in each treatment. Experimental design used is one-way Anova test with linear regression to calculate its LC50 and LC90. The results of test to herbal mosquito coils "Morizena” given for 8 hours/day obtained mortality of Ae. aegypti by 92% to a concentration of 3000 ppm (P4) and 100% to a concentration of 4000 ppm (P5) and 100% for test to synthetic mosquito coils transfluthrin 2500 ppm (K1). Ae. aegypti LC50 and LC90 value for treatment of exposure to herbal mosquito coils "Morizena” are 999 ppm and 2977 ppm. Treatment of herbal mosquito coils "Morizena” with graded doses up to 4000 ppm and synthetic mosquito coils Transfluthrin 2500 ppm causing an increase in the enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity of Ae. aegypti. The conclusion is based on the Ae. aegypti LC90 value is 2977 ppm, which means the effective dose of herbal mosquito coils "Morizena” to kill Ae. aegypti is 2977 ppm.

Page 22 of 39 | Total Record : 382

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