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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 485 Documents
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4-Hydroxyisoleucine as a Natural DPP-4 Inhibitor for Diabetes Thalib, Amir; Damayanti, Irma Putri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.409-415

Abstract

Research on 4-hydroxyisoleucine, a natural compound found in several plant sources, shows potential as an antidiabetic agent through inhibiting the DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) enzyme. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic potential and toxicity profile of 4-hydroxyisoleucine as a therapeutic agent. ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) analysis indicates that this compound has good gastrointestinal absorption, moderate water solubility, and limited penetration across the blood-brain barrier, which reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. The toxicity profile of 4-hydroxyisoleucine reveals low hepatotoxicity, with no indications of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. The LD50 value greater than 2000 mg/kg places this compound in Toxicity Class 5, indicating low toxicity. Based on in silico evaluation results, 4-hydroxyisoleucine has potential as an effective natural DPP-4 inhibitor, with stable binding mechanisms, even though its binding affinity is lower than  synthetic inhibitors. With favorable pharmacokinetic properties and a beneficial safety profile, 4-hydroxyisoleucine has the potential to be developed as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management.
Histopathological Evaluation of Stomach Protection by Peperomia pellucida L. in Mice with Gastroenteritis Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.535-540

Abstract

Gastroenteritis, a widespread condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, poses significant health challenges globally. Conventional treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief and do not address the underlying gastric mucosal damage. Peperomia pellucida L., a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been suggested to possess gastroprotective effects. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological effects of P. pellucida L. on gastric protection in a mouse gastroenteritis model. Male Swiss mice were divided into six groups, receiving different treatments, including the ethanol extract of P. pellucida at varying doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kgBW), followed by induction of gastroenteritis with Escherichia coli. Histopathological analysis was conducted to observe tissue damage across the treatment groups, including necrosis and cell degeneration. The results revealed that P. pellucida L. exhibited significant gastroprotective effects, particularly at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW, reducing gastric mucosal necrosis and inflammation compared to the control groups. The plant’s secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, contributed to the observed protective effects by enhancing mucus production, reducing gastric acidity, and promoting tissue repair. These findings suggest that P. pellucida L. could be an alternative treatment for gastroenteritis and related gastric conditions, offering a natural approach to managing gastric inflammation and mucosal protection.
In silico Toxicity Prediction of Ethanol Extract of Cola rostrata (K. Schum.) Epicarp Ajayi, Babatunde Ebenezer; Aina, Oluwafemi Segun; Odunlade, Albert Kolawole; Minari, Bamidele Joseph
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.369-379

Abstract

Abstract. The ethanol extract of the epicarp of Cola rostrata fruit has been reported to possess notable pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects; however, its toxicological profile remains understudied. This study evaluated the metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-identified phytochemicals from C. rostrata epicarp. In silico analysis and molecular docking of components of the extract were carried out using ADMETlab2.0 platform and Autodock4 tools. Visualization of molecular binding interactions was done using Discovery Studio-2020. Ten of the 48 compounds in the extract, including 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol and 2-Hydroxychalcone, were predicted to have high probability of inducing liver injury, oxidative stress and inhibiting cytochrome-P450 enzymes. Molecular docking revealed that 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene binds strongly to NADH dehydrogenase 1 (-7.78 kcal/mol) and CYP2C19 (-9.93 kcal/mol), with the compound interacting with Thr301, Leu361 and Leu366 at the active site of CYP2C19. 2-Hydroxychalcone binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-8.07 kcal/mol) and to Na+/K+-ATPase (-7.49 kcal/mol), while, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-9.56 kcal/mol) and CYP1A2 (-8.71 kcal/mol). The extract showed strong potential to induce toxic outcomes. The abundance of antioxidant phytosterols in the extract may counterbalance the potential toxicity. While C. rostrata holds therapeutic potential, molecular interactions of its phytochemicals highlight risks of toxicity.
The Potential of Hanjuang Merah (Cordyline fruticose) Antibacterial Liquid Body Wash Rahayu, Emy; Rahmanina, Lilih; Pasaribu, Tupaida; Maulida, Maulida; Dewi, Mirnawati
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.499-506

Abstract

The skin is the outermost layer of tissue that has the function of covering and protecting the surface of the human body. Unhygienic skin will trigger skin infections caused by various microorganisms. One of them is bacteria. Hanjuang merah (Cordyline fruticosa) is a type of plant that is often used as a traditional medicine, especially for the Dayak community. However, research on the use of the Cordyline fruticosa plant in producing liquid body wash formulations that are efficacious as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus has not been carried out so far. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of Cordyline fruticosa as a formulation of liquid body wash formulations and to find the effectiveness of Cordyline fruticosa in inhibiting infections caused by S. aureus bacteria made in the form of liquid body wash. The method used in the extraction is maceration and the manufacture of liquid body wash according to the formulation that has been made, while the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) is used in antibacterial tests. Liquid body wash preparations with the largest inhibitory zone level at a concentration of 15% (F3). The concentration of 15% (F3) is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria which is characterized by the formation of an inhibition zone around the disk.
Potential of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) Fruit Juice Supplemented in Kombucha Beverage as Antibacterial Agent Nasution, Musyirna Rahmah; Nabilah, Clara; Djohari, Meiriza; Nurhapipah, Nurhapipah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.453-463

Abstract

Riau Province has abundant natural resources of mangrove forests almost along the coast of Riau. Mangrove fruit can be developed into various processed foods, but processed foods derived from mangroves have not been widely developed and are of interest to coastal communities. Kombucha tea is a probiotic beverage produced through the fermentation of tea and sugar using a kombucha starter known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). The presence of sugar in kombucha colonies is a vital source of nutrition. Additionally, fruit juice can be incorporated to create variations of kombucha tea. Kedabu fruit (Sonneratia ovata B.), a native fruit of Riau Province, is recognized for its high carbohydrate content and secondary metabolites, which exhibit potential antibacterial properties. This research developed four formulations of kombucha tea, each with different concentrations of kedabu fruit juice (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The study’s objectives were to formulate, evaluate the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of these formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The organoleptic properties, alcohol content, pH, %TTA (Total Acidity Titratable), total LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria), and yeast count were assessed during a 14-day fermentation period. The assay results indicated that the kombucha fruit kedabu tea formulation exhibited favorable organoleptic characteristics, a decrease in pH, an increase in %TTA, total LAB, and yeast count within the acceptable range defined by standards. Moreover, it displayed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, falling within the weak to moderate categories.
Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Charecterisation and Antioxidant Activity of N-Hexane Fraction of Microtrichia perotitii DC Nuhu, Abdullahi Maikudi; Istifanus, Istifanus; Usman, Solomon; Idris, Idris; Abdullahi, Abdullahi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.417-425

Abstract

Microtrichia perotitii DC belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositeae) and it is an herb found in the West African countries. The herb has been used ethnomedicinally to treat children's rashes, burns, wounds, jaundice, rheumatism, diarrhea, and skin conditions. The n-hexane fraction of the ethanolic extract of the plant was investigated for the presence of secondary metabolites, characterisation as well as its antioxidant activity with a view to exploring other significant information that would be of benefit to scientific study. The n-hexane extract was subjected to partitioning, phytochemical screening using standard methods as well as spectroscopic characterizations using UV, FTIR and GC-MS analysis including antioxidant activity. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, but anthraquinones and phlobatannins were absent. The spectroscopy analysis showed a high degree of conjugation and it also  reveals the presence of  Hydroxyl (O-H), carbonyl (C=O) and methyl (C-H) groups, with the compound, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, having  the highest abundance while the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitric oxide (NO),radical scavenging assays exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.61mg/mL but less than ascorbic acid which has an IC50 value of 0.84mg/mL. The phytochemical compounds present in the plant could be responsible for its antioxidant property which suggests the use of the plant in the treatment of diseases induced by free radicals. In the light of the importance of this herb in local applications, the research was aimed at exploring the scientific evidences to support the local claims as well as improving information of the efficacy of the plant.
Antimicrobial Potential of Phytochemicals from Coccinia grandis Leaves: A Molecular Docking Study Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 of Escherichia coli and DNA Topoisomerase IV Subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isuranga, Malshan; Danthanarayana, Dulki Nihinsa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.541-552

Abstract

Coccinia grandis (C. grandis) leaves, traditionally used in Sri Lanka for diabetes management, also have a potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, site-specific molecular docking was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phytochemicals of Coccinia grandis leaves against Penicillin-binding protein 5 (PBP 5) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Penicillin was selected as the reference molecule for Penicillin-binding protein 5 and for DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa), Novobiocin was selected as the reference molecule. The results identified Lupeol (-7.72 kcal/mol) and Beta-Sitosterol (-8.21kcal/mol) have a higher binding affinity to PBP5 of E. coli than Penicillin (-7.20 kcal/mol). Quercetin (-6.70 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.95 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.07 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.15 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.87 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.42 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.07 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of S. aureus than novobiocin (-6.04 kcal/mol). As well Quercetin (-6.85 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.82 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.23 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.20 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.67 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.08 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.03 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of E. coli than novobiocin (-5.76 kcal/mol). In silico pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameter predictions were also conducted to study drug-likeness of above molecules using specialized web servers.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract from The Leaves and Bark of Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) from Distillation Solid Waste Using the DPPH and ABTS Methods Sari, Nur Maulida; Zarta, Abdul Rasyid; Salusu, Heriad Daud; Hernandi, Muhammad Fikri; Ramadhan, Mohammad Ridho; Pragaloka, Nur Indah; Kerawing, Rosalinda; Muis, Puspitasari; Raihanah, Siti; Jasmawati, Jasmawati; Aryani, Farida
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.381-387

Abstract

One of the endemic plants of East Kalimantan, kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family and is typically used by the locals for essential oils. Solid waste is only used as a natural fertilizer, while the leaves and bark of Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) are often only used for the essential oil extracted. Research on solid waste from distilling kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) has never been done. This investigation aimed to find the possible concentration of secondary metabolite chemicals and antioxidants in the ethanol extract of solid waste from distilling Kapur leaves and bark (Dryobalanops aromatica). The ethanol extract of Kapur leaves and bark (Dryobalanops aromatica) will undergo phytochemical testing utilizing a qualitative test method to ascertain the presence of secondary metabolite chemicals. The ethanol extract of Kapur leaves and bark (Dryobalanops aromatica) will be tested for antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals using a UV Spectrophotometer. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanol extracts from the leaves and bark contained alkaloids, flavonoids and tannin. Triterpenoids are only found in the bark extracts, while saponins and steroids are only found in the leaves extracts. Antioxidant activity of Dryobalanops atomatica extract showed that ethanol extract displayed an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical in both the leaves and bark ethanol extracts, with percentages of 83.24% and 94.91% at 25 ppm concentration, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Dryobalanops atomatica extract showed that ethanol extract could inhibit DPPH free radical in the leaves and bark ethanol extracts, with percentages of 83.24% and 94.91% at 25 ppm concentration, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Dryobalanops atomatica extract showed that ethanol extract display an ability to inhibit ABTS free radical with a percentage of 84.23% at 50 ppm concentration in the leaves extracts, followed by 82.62% percentage of inhibition at 100 ppm concentration. According to the findings of the study, post-distillation solid waste from Dryobalanops aromatica leaves and bark had the potential to develop as a natural antioxidant.
Effect of Different Pre-treatments and Frying Process on Proximate, Some Essential Minerals, and Anti-nutritional Factors of Taro Found in Birjung, Nepal Sharma, Shristi Poudel; Thagunna, Bishal; Baral, Rosy; Baral, Rashmi; Khadka, Deepa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.507-511

Abstract

Taro corms (Colocasia Esculenta), also called pindalu in Nepalese society are exposed to different pretreatment such as boiling in plain water at 100ºC for 7min, boiling in 1.2% salt solution at 100ºC for 7min, boiling in 5% citric acid100ºC for 7min and frying was investigated for proximate, antinutritional and mineral content. The proximate composition of raw taro corms was found to be moisture 60.82%, crude fat 0.96%, crude protein 9.69%, total ash 3.77%, crude fiber 3.49% and carbohydrate 52.0%. Macro nutrients such as Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorous, and Sodium were found to be 620.55 mg/100g, 150.12 mg/100g, 53.72 mg/100g, and 36.62 mg/100g, respectively. Antinutritional factors of raw taro corms analyzed in this study were oxalate-280.98±0.49 mg/100g, phytate-84.90±0.74 mg/100g and tannin-47.67±0.11 mg/100g. Potassium was the most abundant macro mineral (620.55mg/100g) in the unprocessed taro corms. The effect of pretreatments and frying on calcium showed significant decrease. When compared with raw taro corms, pretreatments and frying process resulted in a significant increase in phosphorous and sodium content. Antinutritional factors were significantly reduced by the pre-treatments, and frying method appears to be more effective in reducing phytate and tannin, whereas boiling in 5% salt solution for oxalate content.
Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Aqueous Extracts of White and Red Onions Bulbs Abubakar, Ibrahim; Aliyu, Jabir Danyaya; Mohammed, Abdulganiyu Galadima; Ibrahim, Iklima Bandi; Sani, Said Said; Umar, Sanusi Farouq
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.465-472

Abstract

Onion bulbs have been consumed for foods and nutrition and management of many diseases including infections, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs. Analytical techniques AOAC and AAS were used in phytochemicals and proximate analysis and determination of minerals, heavy metals, determination of anti-nutrients content of the aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs. The findings showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones in the aqueous extracts of red and white onions bulbs. The aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs contain significant (p < 0.05) amounts of moisture (89.68 and 87.04%), ash (3.22 and 2.03%), fiber (3.00 and 2.00%), carbohydrates (2.33 and 2.59%), proteins (3.19 and 1.04%), and crude lipids (1.22 and 2.66%), respectively. The aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) level of potassium (987.10 and 756.24 ppm), sodium (42.50 and 32.50 ppm), calcium (8.90 and 6.10 ppm), phosphorus (3.87 and 4.04 ppm), zinc (2.32 and 1.13 ppm), magnesium (1.85 and 1.12 ppm), iron (0.62 and 0.58 ppm), and copper (0.47 and 0.17 ppm), respectively. Low concentrations of nickel (0.112 and 0.524 ppm), lead (0.034 and 0.023 ppm), cadmium (0.029 and 0.014 ppm), and chromiun (0.090 and 0.032 ppm) were observed in the aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs contain, respectively. The aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs exhibited moderate and low amounts of cynogenic glycosides (3.00 and 12.46 mg/100g), saponins (2.02 and 2.07 mg/100g), oxalate (0.63 and 3.75 mg/100g), tannins (0.90 and 1.09 mg/100g), and phytate (0.38 and 1.49 mg/100g), respectively. The aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs contain various phytochemicals and significant amounts of important nutrients with trace quantity of certain heavy metals and anti-nutrients.

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