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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 425 Documents
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Effectiveness of Cherry Tomato Extract in Gel Form to Accelerate the Healing Process of Excision Wounds in Wistar White Rats Fertilita, Soilia; Zulfadli, Muhammad; Larasati, Veny; Rasyid, Riana Sari Puspita; Argentina, Fifa; Tanta, Yudhi; Athiah, Medina
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.427-434

Abstract

Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) are rich in antioxidants, particularly flavonoids and lycopene, which help reduce free radicals and promote wound healing. Flavonoids exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. They enhance wound contraction, collagen deposition, granulation tissue formation, and epithelialization in wound healing. This study evaluates the efficacy of cherry tomato extract gel in accelerating excision wound healing in Wistar rats. This in vivo experimental study used a post-test control group design. Twenty-five 2–3-month-old Wistar rats with excision wounds were treated with cherry tomato extract gel or controls. The five groups included a positive control (NaCl), a negative control (CMC-Na gel), and treatment groups receiving 8%, 12%, or 16% extract gel. Wound size was measured on days 3, 5, 7, and 9, with data analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc tests. The extract-treated groups exhibited nearly complete wound closure by day 9. The wound size of the treatment groups significantly differed from the control groups (p<0.05). Cherry tomato extract gel significantly accelerates wound closure at 8%, 12%, and 16% concentrations, with the best results observed at 16% (p<0.05), surpassing even the positive control. The 16% extract gel group demonstrated the most effective wound healing. Cherry tomato extract gel significantly enhances wound healing, with the 16% concentration demonstrating the most effective acceleration of wound closure. These findings suggest that cherry tomato extract gel, particularly at 16%, holds promise as a potent wound-healing agent.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Trump Extract Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Vitro Savitri, Lisa; Alves, Silvina Sandra X.; Hilmi, Mochammad Hanif; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Juwita, Syntia Tanu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.553-556

Abstract

Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) is one of the plants found in Indonesia. The type of mistletoe commonly found is D. pentandra (L.) Miq. Apart from its parasitic nature, the leaves of D. pentandra (L.) Miq. has useful benefits as an antibacterial. Bacteria are divided into two groups based on their staining, namely Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Infectious diseases can be caused by several types of microorganisms in the bacterial group, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aims to determine the P. aeruginosa bacteria in the extract of lime mistletoe. This study used an experimental post-test only control research design with the disc diffusion method. This study used five concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, and used distilled water as a negative control and ciprofloxacin as a positive control. The inhibition zone is determined by observing the clear zone.
Enhancement of Probiotic Viability and Antioxidant Activity in Yogurt Treated with Corn Silk Extract Marya, Dina Tri; Nopitariyani, Arizki Tri; Maradon, Gusma Gama; Hanif, Muhammad
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.389-393

Abstract

Yogurt is a widely consumed fermented milk product known for its numerous health benefits, while corn silk, the pistil of corn, is a byproduct rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. This study assessed the antioxidant activity of yogurt fortified with corn silk extract. Yogurt was prepared by fermenting cow's milk with a yogurt starter culture. The antioxidant activity of the resulting yogurt was evaluated using the DPPH method. The results demonstrated that the yogurt enriched with corn silk exhibited a total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count of 1.2 × 108 cfu/mL, a pH of 4.4, a lactic acid content of 1.34%, and an antioxidant activity of 54%. In contrast, the control yogurt without corn silk had a LAB count of 1.9 × 10⁷ cfu/mL, a pH of 4.5, a lactic acid content of 0.93%, and an antioxidant activity of 47%. Organoleptic evaluations revealed no significant differences in taste, aroma, texture, or overall acceptability between the two yogurt types. The addition of corn silk significantly increased the antioxidant activity, total microbial count, and lactic acid content of the yogurt. These findings suggest that corn silk extract can be a beneficial natural additive to enhance the antioxidant properties of yogurt, thereby improving its nutritional value.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Stem Bark Fractions of Eucalyptus globulus Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dominic, Nazuwa; Emmanuel, Alex Yeri; Aliyu, Zayyad Dahiru
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.513-518

Abstract

The growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the need for alternative therapeutic agents, with medicinal plants offering promising solutions due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Eucalyptus globulus bark extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). Plant samples were collected from Adamawa State Polytechnic, Nigeria, authenticated (voucher ASP-765), and subjected to reflux extraction using hexane and water. Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in both methanol and aqueous extracts, while flavonoids and steroids were absent in aqueous extracts, and methanol extracts lacked saponins. Antibacterial activity was assessed through agar well diffusion and broth dilution assays, demonstrating a concentration-dependent effect. Methanol extracts showed greater efficacy against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (12.8–13.8 mm inhibition zones), while aqueous extracts were most effective against S. aureus (19.3 mm at 100 mg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL, with E. coli exhibiting the lowest MIC (25 mg/mL), highlighting the extract’s antimicrobial potential. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using phosphomolybdate and ferricyanide assays. The methanol extract exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity, with a total antioxidant capacity (TAC) expressed in ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), although lower than pure ascorbic acid. Statistical validation (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) confirmed the significance of the results. These findings support the traditional medicinal use of E. globulus and its potential for combating antibiotic-resistant infections and oxidative stress-related conditions. Further studies are recommended to isolate bioactive compounds, determine mechanisms of action, and develop optimized therapeutic formulations for AMR management.
Antiinflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Stem Extract and Fractions of Telfairia occidentalis in Rodents Okokon, Jude E; Osigwe, Chinyelu C.; Florence, Uwaeme Ugonma; Andrew, Ukeme Essien
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.473-479

Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Family-Cucurbitaceae) is a vegetable employed in Ibibio traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as malaria and fever among others. The stem extract of Telfairia occidentalis was investigated for antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities in rodents using various experimental models.The stem extract (200 –600 mg/kg) of T. occidentalis was investigated for antiinflammatory activity against carrageenin, egg albumin and xylene – induced edema models and antipyretic activity against D-amphetamine, 2,4-dinitrophenol and yeast-induced pyrexia models.  The extract caused a significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of inflammation caused by different phlogistic agents used. These effects were comparable to those of the standard drug, (ASA, 100 mg/kg) used in some cases. The extract also exerted prominent inhibition of pyrexia on amphetamine and dinitrophenol-induced pyrexia (5 h). Inhibition was significant (p<0.05–0.001) from 3 to 5 h post- administration of extract and in a dose-dependent fashion. However, the stem extract did not affect yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The findings of this work confirm the ethnomedical uses of this plant to treat inflammatory and febrile conditions.
Durian Seed Flour (Durio zibethinus Murr) as an Alternative Medium for Fungal Growth Afriani, Tika; Rahmi, Azimatur; Ramadhani, Putri Agiel; Rahmadaniah, Rahmadaniah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.435-441

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus Murr) as an alternative medium for the growth of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The bleaching process utilized sodium metabisulfite at varying concentrations (600 ppm, 800 ppm, 1000 ppm) and immersion durations (15, 20, 25 minutes). The bleached samples were dried at 70℃ for 3 hours. Durian seed flour media were formulated into three variants and compared with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) as the control medium. The activity test for Candida albicans used the pour plate method with incubation for 48 hours at 37℃, while Aspergillus niger was tested using the agar block method and incubated for 72 hours under the same conditions. Immersion duration significantly affected the flour's color, with longer durations producing whiter flour. Higher drying temperatures enhanced water evaporation efficiency, resulting in an average moisture content of 10.56%, compliant with national standards. The best medium formulation was F1 (10 g durian seed flour, 2 g sugar, 1.5 g agar, 0.25 g micronutrients, 100 mL distilled water), yielding 3.6 × 10⁷ CFU/mL of Candida albicans colonies and an Aspergillus niger growth diameter of 28.5 mm after 72 hours of incubation. However, sporulation of Aspergillus niger was better on PDA media. Durian seed flour shows potential as an alternative fungal growth medium.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Citrus Leaf Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Anindita, Reza; Sulvayanti, Hana Yelsi; Inggraini, Maulin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.557-565

Abstract

One of the causes of acne is an increase in colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. One of the acne treatments that trigger bacterial resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to discover natural materials with antibacterial potential, namely orange plants. This study aims to determine the effect of single and combination of lime, kaff, lemon, and sweet leaves extract on of S. epidermidis. The treatment of this study was the concentration of orange leaf ethanol extract of 2%, 4%, and 8% with a bacteria sample of S. epidermidis. Phytochemical screening test results contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and essential oils. The results of the One-Way ANNOVA test showed a significant difference in the average diameter of the inhibition zone of orange leaf ethanol extract against the growth of S. epidermidis (Sig.<0.05). Post Hoc test showed that the effective concentration of lime leaves, kaffles, lemons, sweet oranges, and combination was 8%, while sweet oranges are the most significant treatment group in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis. The conclusion is that 8% sweet lime leaf ethanol extract can be used as a pharmaceutical raw material in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis with a strong category.
Phytochemistry, Toxicity, and Antimalaria Activity of Mangrove Plant from Muara Badak Beach, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Usman, Usman; Masruhim, Muh. Amir; Rahmadani, Agung; Erwin, Erwin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.567-573

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content, toxicity, and antimalarial activity of methanol extracts of mangrove leaves Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris. Mangrove leaf extraction by maceration using methanol solvent, then qualitative phytochemical test (color test), toxicity test by BSLT method using Artemia salina, and antimalarial activity test using Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 with Giemsa staining microscopic method. The content of secondary metabolite compounds of methanol extracts of the three mangrove leaf species are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The toxicity of methanol extract of R. mucronata mangrove leaves against A. salina is included in the strong category. Meanwhile, the toxicity of S. caseolaris is included in the moderate category and A. marina is in the weak category. Mangrove species R. mucronata and S. caseolaris have good activity against P. falciparum 3D7 with IC50 values < 30 μg/ml, while A. marina shows poor activity against P. falciparum 3D7 with IC50 values > 50 μg/ml. Other tissue parts of these three mangrove species still need further exploration for their bioactivity against A. salina and P. falciparum 3D7.
Evaluation of Selected Pharmacological Properties of a Polyherbal Extract (Aju Mbaise) in Experimental Rats Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Ijioma, Nnah Solomon; Ogbonna, Henry Nnaemeka; Uchenna, Nancy Oluomachi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.591-599

Abstract

Aju Mbaise, an herbal combination widely utilized in southeastern Nigeria for managing postpartum complications and alleviating menstrual pain, was evaluated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal properties in rats. Specific objectives included evaluating anti-diarrheal effects, examining anti-inflammatory effects and assessing analgesic properties of the herbal combination. The study involved subjecting the Aju Mbaise polyherbal extract (APE) to phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity testing. Anti-diarrheal effects were evaluated by administering charcoal as a meal and using castor oil-induced models. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, and analgesic properties were examined using the acetic acid-induced pain model. Phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins in the extract. The acute toxicity value exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight, indicating safety. In animal studies, APE exhibited significant inhibitory effects on intestinal motility, reduced wet stool frequency, and influenced the castor oil-induced diarrhoea and enhanced anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, it demonstrated a reduction in acetic acid-induced pain in rats. The APE with its diverse phytochemical composition, possesses anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, further research is needed to establish ideal dosages and potential adverse effects.
Formulation and Evaluation of Spirulina-Based Gel with Varying Carbopol Concentrations for Anti-Acne Activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis Yunitha, Emmellia; Nilawati, Anita; Novita, Mega; Marlina, Dian
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.699-705

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga known for its antibacterial properties, offering potential as a natural alternative in acne treatment. Acne vulgaris, often caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, requires effective topical solutions. Gels are favored for their non-greasy texture, ease of application, and good skin absorption. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-acne gels containing 25% Spirulina extract with varying Carbopol concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). Each formulation was assessed for physical properties, stability over 21 days, and antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. All gel formulations met quality standards for pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The gel with 0.5% Carbopol (FI) showed the best spreadability, ideal viscosity, and good adhesiveness, along with the highest antibacterial activity, exhibiting an inhibition zone of 16.5 mm—comparable to tetracycline. In conclusion, Spirulina-based gel with 0.5% Carbopol offers an effective, stable, and natural anti-acne option. These findings highlight the potential of Spirulina as a bioactive agent in topical formulations and encourage further research for clinical applications in acne management.

Page 37 of 43 | Total Record : 425

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