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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Utilization of Eco-Friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment Barau, Saminu Hamman; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Saidu, Suleiman Alhaji; Bakari, Jameelah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.205-210

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of green-synthesized Iron II Oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles for remediating wastewater from River Benue, Nigeria, focusing on removing lead (Ld) pollutants. The nanoparticles were synthesized using Annona squamosa leaf extract, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional remediation methods. The wastewater sample, collected from River Benue in Jimeta-Yola, was analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis identified functional groups like alcohol O-H and conjugated alkene C=C, confirming the role of plant metabolites in nanoparticle synthesis and stabilization. SEM imaging revealed cubical Fe2O3 nanoparticle sizes ranging from 25 to 34 nm, stabilized by the plant extract. The remediation process tested varying nanoparticle concentrations (100, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) and contact times (60, 120, and 180 minutes) at pH 8.90 and 21.33 K. The highest adsorption efficiency was observed at 1500 ppm over 180 minutes, reducing lead levels from 0.69 mg/L to 0.02 mg/L due to increased chelating sites. Lower concentrations (1000, 500, and 100 ppm) also demonstrated significant adsorption, with lead levels dropping to 0.21, 0.32, and 0.50 mg/L, respectively. The study highlights the advantages of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, including simplicity, rapid production, environmental safety, and a high surface area for effective pollutant adsorption. This green synthesis approach is more sustainable and operationally simpler than tradisional methods, avoiding the environmental risks associated with conventional techniques. The findings suggest that Fe2O3 nanoparticle is promise for efficient and sustainable wastewater purification, offering a viable alternative to existing water treatment technologies. This research underscores the potential of eco-friendly nanomaterials in addressing heavy metal pollution, particularly in developing regions.
Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from The Extracts of Momordica angustisepala Aerial Parts Hamid, Abdulmumeen Amao; Egharevba, Godshelp Osas; Issa, Shuab Bolaji; Olalere, Oluwafeyikemi Mercy; Akinloye, Bukunmi Temitope; Yakub, Yakub Tunde
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.323-326

Abstract

N-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Momordica angustisepala were screened for the presence of metabolites, using column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Octadecane (1), tetradec-5-enoic acid (2), 1,2,3-propanetriyl (8Z,11’Z,14”Z)tris(-8,11,14-eicostrienoate) (3), methyl oleana-5,12,15-trienoate-3β-acetate (4) and 1,2,3-propanetriyl (9Z,12’Z,15”Z)tris(-9,12,15-uneicostrienooate) (5) are the compounds obtained from the extracts of M. angustisepala aerial parts using proton and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR).
Identification and Screening of Enzymatic Activity of Degrading Fungi Microplastics in Three Final Processing Sites (TPA) in the Province Lampung Oktaviyani, Sari; Kamelia, Marlina; Ulmillah, Aulia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.167-176

Abstract

One of the main causes of problems in the Final Processing Site (TPA) of Lampung Province is the increasing pile of plastic waste produced by human activities. This can be a source of microplastic pollution and is dangerous if it settles in the body of organisms. Fungi can be an alternative to help the natural biodegradation process reduce microplastic pollution in the soil ecosystem. This study aims to identify and characterize fungal isolates that can degrade microplastics in the Final Processing Site (TPA) of Lampung Province. The sampling method was purposive sampling. The growing colonies were identified by observing the clear zone, then characterized morphologically. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive methods and measuring the clear zone index. This study successfully identified 13 fungal isolates that showed clear zone areas. Four isolates (Ba1.2, Ba2.5, Bu3.4, Ka2.3) could degrade three types of microplastics. The highest clear zone: Bu3.4 for PET (2,00 mm), Ka2.4 for PE (1,50 mm), and Ba2.3 and Ba2.5 for PP (1,25 mm). Identification and morphological characterization showed 8 isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus, 3 isolates of Penicillium, 1 isolate of Fusarium, and 1 isolate of Sclerotium. Degradation occurs through hyphal adhesion and secretion of polymer-degrading enzymes.
Phytochemicals Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Leaf Extracts Fikroh, Retno Aliyatul; Hidayah, Muhamad Aditya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.283-288

Abstract

Tradescantia spathacea Sw. is commonly used as a traditional medicine plant to treat several diseases. This study aims to identify phytochemical constituents using phytochemical screening, quantify the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) analysis, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts via DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical constituent revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, and tannin in different extracts of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. leaf. The methanolic leaf extract showed the best total phenolic and flavonoid content values of 83.35±0.00 mgGAE/g and 33.79±0.13 mg/g, respectively. Methanolic extracts also showed potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with IC50 values of 80,835 µg/mL. The results suggest that Tradescantia spathacea Sw. could be an alternative source of natural antioxidant agents.
Synergistic Anti-Biofilm Activity of Klanceng Honey and Probiotics against Candida albicans Setiawan, Budhi; Masfufatun, Masfufatun; Tjandra, Lusiani; Ishartadiati, Kartika
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.123-127

Abstract

Candida albicans is a common cause of fungal infections, especially in hospitals. Biofilm formation by this fungus is a significant problem as it leads to increased drug resistance and complications in treatment. The biofilm's extracellular matrix protects the fungal cells, making it difficult for antifungal drugs to penetrate and clear the infection. Aim: This study investigates the potential of honey and probiotic formulations to inhibit the biofilm matrix formation in Candida albicans. Result: Klanceng honey showed the strongest inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation, reducing it by 89.39% (OD = 0.34 ± 0.10), compared to yogurt (29.43%, OD = 2.25 ± 0.16) and Yakult (67.95%, OD = 1.02 ± 0.25) (p < 0.05). When mixed with yogurt in a 5:1:2 ratio (honey:yogurt: water), Klanceng honey reduced biofilm formation by 84.92% (OD = 0.50 ± 0.12). Manuka and Melifera honey in the same ratio also showed strong inhibition, reducing biofilm formation by 77.84% (OD = 0.73 ± 0.08) and 90.52% (OD = 0.31 ± 0.07), respectively. This performance exceeded fluconazole’s, which achieved a 65.52% reduction (OD = 1.14 ± 0.02). For all three honey types, the 4:1:3 and 2:1:5 ratios (honey:Yakult: water) were more effective, with reductions of up to 80.96% for Melifera and 75.64% for Klanceng (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This research suggests that honey and probiotic formulations hold promise as natural alternatives in combating Candida albicans infections. The study found that the ratio of honey to probiotics in the formulations significantly influenced their effectiveness.
Effect of Robusta Coffee Extract (Coffea canephora) on Mice (Mus musculus) on Gastric Histopathology and Anxiety Level Soebroto, Difa Hasna; Harlita, Harlita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.243-248

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) contains bioactive compounds, such as caffeine that have the potential to affect the digestive system and anxiety levels. This study aims to evaluate the effects of robusta coffee extract on gastric histopathology and anxiety levels in mice (Mus musculus). The method used involved 4 treatments, K1: negative control (without treatment), K2: positive control with aspirin 10.84 mg/20gr body weight of mice, K3: coffee extract 6.72 mg/20gr body weight of mice, K4: coffee extracts 13 mg/20gr body weight of mice. The results showed that robusta coffee extract impacted the histological structure of the stomach, with indications of changes in the gastric mucosa. In addition, there was a tendency for changes in the level of anxiety in mice analyzed through the behaviour test, Elevated Plus Maze test. This study provides insight into the potential physiological effects of robusta coffee consumption and its implications for gastric health and psychological conditions.
Protective Role of Paederia foetida L. Against Hepatic Inflammatory Response in a Mice Model of Escherichia coli-Induced Sepsis Savitri, Lisa; Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.363-368

Abstract

Sepsis is a severe medical condition characterized by a systemic immune response to infection, often leading to multi-organ failure and death if not treated effectively. This study aimed to investigate the antiseptic properties of Paederia foetida leaf extract in male mice induced with sepsis using Escherichia coli. A total of 24 mice were divided into six groups: a normal group (no treatment), a negative control group (distilled water), a positive control group (ciprofloxacin), and three treatment groups receiving P. foetida leaf extract at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg BW. After 15 days of oral administration, liver tissue samples were analyzed for IL-6 expression, a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with sepsis. The results revealed a significant reduction in IL-6 expression in the treatment groups, particularly at the 500 mg/kg BW dose. This dose showed the most effective anti-inflammatory response, with IL-6 expression levels comparable to those of the positive control group treated with ciprofloxacin. However, the 100 mg/kg BW dose demonstrated minimal effects, similar to the negative control. These findings suggest that P. foetida leaf extract, especially at higher doses, has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis management. The bioactive compounds in the extract, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, likely contribute to its efficacy. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of P. foetida as a potential herbal alternative for managing sepsis, but further clinical research is necessary to confirm its therapeutic potential.
The Effect of Methanol Seed Kernel Extract of Mangifera Indica on Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscles Etti, Imaobong Christopher; Akinniyi, Akinbola Lukuman; Johnny, Imoh Ime; Adedoyin, Adebayo Tologbonse
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.83-89

Abstract

Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, holds a revered position in traditional medicine for the numerous health benefits derived from different parts of the plant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of methanol seed kernel extract of Magnifera indica on isolated guinea pig trachea. The acute toxicity profile was first evaluated as well as its phytochemical screening before exposing various concentrations of the methanol seed kernel extract to acetylcholine (Ach)-precontracted guinea pig tracheal rings. From the results, a dose of 5000mg/kg of the extract did not produce any form of toxicity. The presence of tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides was revealed which probably fuels the medicinal properties of the seed kernel. Exposure of acetylcholine pre-contracted tracheal rings to different concentrations of the methanol kernel extract, resulted in a shift of the Ach dose response curve to the right but without achieving any maximum relaxation. There was no observed IC50 but rather an IC30 concentration was observed around 0.0013M. However, the observed minimal relaxation of Ach pre-contracted rings was not statistically significant (p>=0.5). It is possible that the observed minimal relaxation potential of the kernel extract coupled with its reported anti-inflammatory properties boosts its application in the relief of bronchial asthma claimed in ethnomedicine.
Comparative Assessment of Nutritional, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Accessions in Peninsular Malaysia Azid, Mohd Zulkhairi; Ghazalli, Mohd Norfaizal; Kadir, Abdul Muhaimin Abdul; Mohd Noor, Siti Aisyah; Yusof, Saidatul Aqilah Mohamad; Yusof, Nur Daliana; Prayoga, Mohammad Raiehan; Salleh, Salmaniza
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.211-218

Abstract

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are one of the important tuber crops for sustainability and food security in the world. However, Dioscorea spp. is considered an underutilized crop and is not heavily consumed, especially by local people in Malaysia, due to its limitations in its nutritional composition and beneficial studies. This study was carried out to evaluate various accessions of wild yams in Peninsular Malaysia. Eight different accessions of yams (D. alata (DA1-DA5), D. alata var. purpurea (DVP), D. esculenta (DE) and D. piscatorum (DP) were collected from various localities in farmer's farms in Peninsular Malaysia. All the samples were investigated for their proximate composition, polyphenols and flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant activity. D. piscatorum (DP) collected in Kuala Koh, Kelantan, showed the highest amount of carbohydrate content and energy compared to all accessions (p<0.05) with 90.8 g/100g and 374.33 kcal/100g, respectively. Meanwhile, a variety of D. alata (DA2) collected in Machang, Kelantan, showed a high amount of protein content (10.57 g/100g) (p<0.05). The flavonoid/phenolic ratio was highest in the methanolic extract of DVP (0.72), followed by DE (0.64) and DP (0.61), respectively. However, the methanolic extract of DP showed the lowest inhibition concentration value (IC50 = 4.73 mg/ml), indicating its stronger scavenging activity towards DPPH free radicals. The comparison and assessment of different accessions of Dioscorea spp. on their nutritional composition and phytochemicals highlights the suitability of each sample to accommodate specific dietary or health-related applications.
Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Impatiens balsamina L. Leaf Extracts Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Fridayanthi, Putu Utari; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Udiyani, Desak Putu Citra; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Setiabudy, Marta
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.327-335

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic resistance as one of the global public health threats makes research on new antibacterial compounds urgently needed. Among natural resources, the Impatiens balsamina plant has the potential to be explored as the new source of antibacterial agents. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial activity of I. balsamina leaf extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Extracts were prepared using the maceration method with methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane solvents at a 1:5 sample-to-solvent ratio. Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively, and antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion assay. Analysis of methanol extract detected the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids, and glycosides, while chloroform extract consisted of tannins, phenols, and steroids. On the other hand, steroids were the only compounds detected qualitatively in n-hexane extract. Antibacterial testing revealed that methanol extract exhibited the highest activity, with zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 15.10±0.18 mm, 9.40±0.30 mm, 14.75±1.28 mm, and 8.67±0.50 mm against Streptococcus mutans FNCC 0405, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, respectively. A concentration-dependent ZOI was observed in the methanol extract, with activity increasing at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis of the methanol extract identified 32 compounds, including n-hexadecanoic acid (12.12%), 2-acetylbenzoic acid (8.26%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (8.21%), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (4.67%), which are known to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Chloroform extract showed moderate activity against S. mutans (7.04±0.15 mm) and S. aureus (7.10±0.31 mm), while n-hexane extract exhibited no antibacterial activity. The significant antibacterial activity of methanol extract is likely due to its rich phytochemical composition, highlighting methanol as an effective solvent for extracting bioactive compounds. These findings provide a strong foundation for further exploration of I. balsamina leaf extracts as a source of antibacterial agents.

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