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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 736 Documents
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Formula Optimization and Physicochemical Characteristics of Functional Instant Beverage from Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) Ainul Haqqi Robbaniyyah; Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri; Endrika Widyastuti; Inges Manggar Gading
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1987-1995

Abstract

Instant beverages are food products in the form of fine, dry granules with low moisture content, typically made from fruits, vegetables, and grains. This study aims to determine the optimal ratio of beet extract, cinnamon extract, and maltodextrin in a functional instant beverage and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics. The extracts were processed via foam mat drying at 60°C, and the resulting dried sheets were ground into powder. Formulation optimization was performed using the Response Surface Method with a D-Optimal Mixing Design in Design Expert 13 software, considering beet extract, cinnamon extract, and maltodextrin as factors, and betalain content, nitrate content, and solubility as response variables. The optimal formulation obtained was 75% beet extract, 15% cinnamon extract, and 10% maltodextrin, with predicted values of 46.99 mg/100 g for betalain content, 2060.84 mg/kg for nitrate content, and 94.58% for solubility. Verification results showed a betalain content of 44.76 mg/100 g, a nitrate content of 2082.12 mg/kg, and a solubility of 94.68%, with a desirability value of 0.96, indicating no significant difference between the predicted and actual values. Physicochemical characterization of the optimal formula revealed a water solubility index (WSI) of 95.40%, color values of L = 42.37, a = 16.79, and b = 5.33, a moisture content of 4.30%, and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 943.74 mg/L. These results indicate that the optimal formulation produces an instant beverage that maintains stable bioactive compounds and exhibits good solubility, making it a promising candidate for a functional beverage.
Bioassay Evaluation Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Total Flavonoid Content in Blumea balsamifera Leaves under Different Environmental Conditions Indriaty Indriaty; Guswarni Pranata; Ekariana S. Pandia; Hasbi Assidiqi Nasution
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1951-1959

Abstract

Blumea balsamifera is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and known for its bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. This study evaluated the effect of different environmental conditions on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of B. balsamifera leaf extracts collected from coastal (PB-1; 25 m asl) and non-coastal areas (AG-1; 108 m asl) in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Leaf extracts were prepared by methanol maceration. TPC and TFC were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results showed that AG-1 had higher TPC and TFC values, reaching 237.9 mg GAE/g extract and 35.89 mg QE/g extract, respectively, whereas PB-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 6.839 µg/mL. Environmental analysis indicated that AG-1 had higher light intensity and near-neutral soil pH, while PB-1 had more acidic soil conditions. These findings indicate that environmental factors influence secondary metabolite accumulation and antioxidant activity in B. balsamifera. Non-coastal environments promoted higher phenolic and flavonoid accumulation, whereas coastal environments enhanced antioxidant activity.
Correlation of p53 Expression with Histopathological Grading and Myometrial Invasion in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma Amelinda Natania Nurasih; Eviana Norahmawati; Muhammad Luqman Fadli; Diah Prabawati Retnani; Rachmad Sarwo Bekti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1907-1915

Abstract

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is commonly assessed using histopathological grade and myometrial invasion, while p53 expression may provide complementary molecular information. This study aimed to assess the correlation of p53 expression with histopathological grade and myometrial invasion in EEC. This retrospective analytic observational study included 60 hysterectomy specimens diagnosed as EEC at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, during 2022–2025. p53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and classified as wild-type or abnormal. Associations were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and correlations using Spearman’s test. p53-abnormal expression was identified in 13.3% of cases and was more frequent in high-grade than low-grade EEC (21.4% vs. 6.3%; OR=4.09; p=0.130) and in tumors with myometrial invasion >=50% than <50% (20.0% vs. 4.0%; OR=6.00; p=0.123). Correlations with histopathological grade (ro=0.223; p=0.131) and myometrial invasion (ro=0.232; p=0.124) were weak and not statistically significant. Although no significant associations or correlations were found, p53 immunohistochemistry may provide additional biological information after histopathological diagnosis, particularly where access to comprehensive molecular testing is limited. Integrating p53 status with histopathological, clinicopathological, and other molecular parameters may support more comprehensive EEC risk stratification and potentially help optimize patient management within resource-limited clinical settings and tertiary referral hospitals.
Antifungal Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Manukan Leaves (Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz) Against Malassezia furfur Growth Nur Hasfiana Baktiar; Mylene Engeline Latumahina; Rahmawati Raising; Alma Tanti Rianti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1997-2001

Abstract

Medicinal plants are increasingly being explored as potential sources of natural antifungal agents to address the rising incidence of skin infections in tropical regions. Manukan leaves (Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz) contain various secondary metabolites with potential antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities. Although previous research has reported the antifungal activity of manukan leaves against Candida albicans, their activity against Malassezia furfur, a causative agent of tinea versicolor, has not yet been specifically investigated. In Waeperang Village, Buru Island, Maluku, manukan leaves have traditionally been used to treat skin infections; however, this empirical use has not been adequately supported by scientific evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the ethanol extract of manukan leaves against Malassezia furfur and to identify the groups of secondary metabolites potentially associated with this activity. Manukan leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method, while the active compound groups were identified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) combined with bioautography. The novelty of this study lies in the evaluation of manukan leaf extract against Malassezia furfur and the use of TLC-bioautography to identify compound groups potentially associated with its antifungal activity. The ethanol extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. The extract exhibited antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur at concentrations of 5%, 15%, 30%, and 60%, with the highest inhibition zone observed at 60% concentration (14.4 mm). TLC-bioautography indicated that tannins (Rf 0.63) and steroids (Rf 0.68) were suspected to contribute to the antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Maceration and Soxhlet Extraction Methods on the Phytochemical Profile and Total Flavonoid Content of Bandotan Leaf Fractions (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Tika Afriani; Linda Hevira; Riesthy Achri Adha
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1961-1966

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of cold (maceration) and hot (Soxhlet) extraction methods in obtaining total flavonoids. Extraction was performed using 96% ethanol solvent, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The content was determined using validated UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The validation results showed that the method met the requirements for linearity (r=0.9988), accuracy (99.51%), LOD (2.19 ppm), and LOQ (7.30 ppm). The results of the content determination showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the Soxhlet extraction method provided the highest flavonoid content of 251.04 ± 0.24 mgQE/g, which was significantly different from the maceration method (194.14 ± 0.49 mgQE/g). In conclusion, the Soxhlet extraction method is more effective in extracting flavonoid compounds from bandotan leaves than maceration due to continuous solvent circulation and heat assistance.
Heat Unit Accumulation, Heat Use Efficiency, Yield, and Sweetness of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt L.) under Tropical Lowland Conditions Affan Prasetya; Dulbari Dulbari; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1917-1924

Abstract

Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing phenological development and productivity of sweet corn through heat unit accumulation. This study evaluated heat unit accumulation, heat use efficiency (HUE), yield components, and sweetness of seven commercial sweet corn cultivars grown under tropical lowland conditions during one growing season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with seven cultivars and three replications. Heat unit accumulation was calculated using growing degree days (GDD) with a base temperature of 10°C. Phenological stages, plant height, cob yield components, total soluble solids (°Brix), and HUE were recorded. Significant differences among cultivars were observed in GDD required to reach vegetative emergence, tasseling, and silking, whereas GDD at the milk stage and HUE did not differ significantly. Exsotic F1 produced the highest cob weight with husk (354.88 g), cob weight without husk (264.16 g), cob length (20.37 cm), and cob diameter (60.27 mm), while Hibrix 72 F1 exhibited the highest total soluble solids (15.11 °Brix). Pcobson correlation analysis showed that HUE was positively associated with cob weight and cob size, whereas °Brix was negatively correlated with cob yield components. Principal component analysis separated cultivars according to phenological, yield, and quality traits. Under the environmental conditions of this study, commercial sweet corn cultivars differed in thermal requirements, yield characteristics, and sweetness, providing comparative information on cultivar performance under tropical lowland conditions.

Page 74 of 74 | Total Record : 736

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