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Pharmacon
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information.
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Articles 345 Documents
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Pemberitahuan Retraksi Artikel: Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Tambahan Curcuma longa dan Boswellia serrata pada NSAID Terhadap Aktivitas Fungsional pada Pasien Osteoarthritis Pharmacon, Editor
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.11738

Abstract

Pemberitahuan retraksi artikel: Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Tambahan Curcuma longa dan Boswellia serrata pada NSAID Terhadap Aktivitas Fungsional pada Pasien Osteoarthritis The Effect of Additional Therapy of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata on NSAIDs on Functional Activity in Osteoarthritis PatientsRizaldy Taslim Pinzon1*, Jessica Herwanto21Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, Indonesia2Mahasiswa Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaArtikel ini telah diretraksi dari Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 17(2), 121-132, Desember 2020, atas permintaan dari penulis dan persetujuan dari dewan editor. 
Optimasi Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) dengan Kombinasi Carbomer dan Polivinil Alkohol Setiyadi, Gunawan; Qonitah, Annisa
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.11976

Abstract

Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is a plant that has potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of carbomer and PVA on the homogeneity, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity, dry time, elasticity and pH of the gel peel-off mask preparation; obtain the optimum formula and determine the antioxidant activity of the optimum formula. Extraction of betel leaf was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as a solvent. The experimental design was made using Design Expert software version 11 with the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with the optimized components being carbomer and PVA. The response of physical properties in the form of spreadability, adhesion, pH, viscosity, dry time, and elasticity of each formula is measured and the measurement data is processed with Design Expert software to determine the optimum formula based on predetermined criteria. The verification dosage form is made based on the optimum formula composition produced. The response of the optimum physical properties of the prediction formula was compared with the results of the verification preparation with the One sample t-test. The yield of thick betel leaf extract in this study was 20.26%. The optimum formula has homogeneous characteristics with a distinctive odor of dark green betel leaf and semi-solid form, spreadability 49.25 ± 0.29 cm2, adhesion 4.77 ± 0.22 seconds, pH 7.26 ± 0.119, viscosity 763 ± 12.47 dPas, drying time 29.68 ± 0.52 minutes, elasticity 1.05 ± 0.04%. The antioxidant activity of betel leaf ethanolic extract has an IC50 value of 7.62 µg / mL and the optimum formula has an IC50 value of 111.25 µg / mL.
Reduksi Udema Kaki Mencit (Mus musculus) Terinduksi Karagenan Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Daruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) Ikhwan, Darul; Rachmadi, Octavian; Putri, Annisa Dyah Astari; Widiyantoro, Ari
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.10762

Abstract

Acanthus ilicifolius L. is one of the mangrove plants that contain a lot of potential secondary metabolites of medicinal raw materials. People of Sambas Regency of West Kalimantan Province uses leaves extract daruju to overcome the pain in the stiff and swollen. The objective of this study was to know the antiinflammatory activity of leaves extract of daruju, in the form of edema reduction of mices feet induced carrageenan. The method used in the form of maceration and partition extraction followed by phytochemical test of crude extract and the fraction of result of partition. Furthermore, the crude extract and the fraction of the result of the partition were tested for the reduction of edema mices feet induced carrageenan. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiinflammatory activity because it was able to decrease the edema of mices feet by 75% at 750 mg / kg BW. Ethyl acetate fraction has the ability to reduce edema because it contains group compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid.
Tinjauan Azitromisin Pada Penyakit Virus Korona 2019 (COVID-19) Donsu, Yosefien Christania; Hasmono, Didik
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.12359

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization has declared this disease a pandemic, where the scale of the spread of the disease occurs globally throughout the world. Currently, there is no validated pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 disease, and is still in the clinical trial stage. Azithromycin in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine has been proposed as a treatment that can improve the prognosis of COVID-19. This review aims to describe the mechanism of action and effectiveness of azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The review of the article literature was carried out through internet searches by accessing the database from google scholar, PubMed, and science direct sites. The inclusion criteria in this review are articles using azithromycin in clinical trials and COVID-19 therapy which were published from December 2019 to October 2020. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibacterial and is based on studies having antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The use of azithromycin can lower viral load when added to hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients based on small-scale clinical studies. Azithromycin used with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine has shown good results, although it raises concerns about the risk of increased side effects of prolonged QT interval so that monitoring of the heart is needed and proven in a larger number of COVID-19 patients. The decision to use azithromycin must take into account the potential benefits and risks, evaluating the possibility of the drug being more effective than the risks to the patient.
Formulasi dan Stabilitas Fisik Gel Semprot Ekstrak Daun Buas-buas (Premna serratifolia L.) Weni Puspita; Heny Puspasari; Ayu Shabrina
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.14904

Abstract

The ethanol extract of buas-buas leaves is known to have high antioxidant activity, so it has the potential to be developed as a pharmaceutical preparation in the form of a spray gel. This study aims to determine the physical stability of EEDB spray gel preparations in various concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%). Evaluation of physical stability was using the temperature cycling test method with six cycles. Physical stability evaluation of the spray gel preparation includes pH, organoleptic, viscosity, homogeneity, spraying pattern, and adhesive dispersion. Based on the study results, the three EEDB spray gel formula concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) showed good physical stability.
Narrative Review : Aktivitas Antidiabetes Tanaman Tradisional Di Pulau Jawa Cita Primada Hari Anugrahini; Arifah Sri Wahyuni
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.14999

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus merupakan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemi yaitu kadar glukosa plasma 2 jam setelah Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (TTGO) ≥ 200 mg/dL dan glukosa darah puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL, terjadi karena tubuh kekurangan hormon insulin absolut maupun relatif. Saat ini obat tradisional telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat karena mahalnya atau tidak tersedianya obat modern/sintetis dan kepercayaan bahwa obat tradisional lebih aman. Masyarakat Pulau Jawa telah memanfaatkan tanaman tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, termasuk diabetes mellitus. Penyusunan narrative review ini dengan pencarian artikel dari database google schoolar menggunakan kata kunci “antidiabetic and rats and ethanol and java” dan “plants and secondary metabolites and antidiabetic”. Kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan adalah artikel yang dipublikasi pada tahun 2014 – 2020 membahas uji in vivo tanaman antidiabetes di Pulau Jawa, senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antidiabetes dan dapat diunduh full text. Hasil skrining literature didapatkan 15 tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes karena adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, glikosida, dan poliketida yaitu aloe-emodin, aloin, annonaine, artoflavon, asiaticoside, brazilin, charantin, curcumin, dihydromyricetin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, eugenol, kaempferol, momordicin, morindone, moringine, quercetin-3-O-glucosidase, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside dan 6-gingerol. Senyawa tersebut memiliki mekanisme antidiabetes melalui penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan α-amilase, penghambatan enzim DPP-IV, dan peningkatkan translokasi GLUT-1 dan GLUT-4.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Teofilin Dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Terhadap Diameter Lumen Bronkiolus Mencit Asma Dian Arsanti Palupi; Miyati Miyati; Hasty Martha Wijaya
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.15179

Abstract

The prevalence of asthma in Indonesia is between 5-7% and is the top 10 causes of morbidity and mortality in severe asthma. Asthma is an inflammation of the respiratory tract which is characterized by spastic constriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchioles, local oedema in the walls of the bronchioles and thick mucus secretions in the lumen of the bronchioles which causes difficulty in breathing. Garlic contains the active compound allicin flavonoids which have long been used as therapeutic ingredients ranging from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antithrombotic, antibiotic, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of garlic extract can increase the diameter of the bronchial lumen of asthmatic mice. The research method is Post-test Only Control Group Design. using 25 female Balb/C mice aged 2-3 months. Five normal control mice (K1) were not induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and were only treated with CMC Na orally. Meanwhile, 20 other mice were induced by intraperitoneal OVA on days 0 and 7 and then divided into 4 groups, namely negative control (K2) given CMC Na, group K3 given theophylline 0.338 mg/day orally, group K4 given onion extract. 7.8 mg/day orally, group K5 was given a combination of theophylline 0.338 mg/day and garlic extract 7.8 mg/day orally. On days 14, 16 and 18, ovalbumin was administered by inhalation. Administration of the test preparation was carried out on the 18th day to the 32nd day orally, 24 hours after the final exposure, the mice were sacrificed for histopathological testing and observation of the diameter of the bronchiolar lumen with Hematoxylin Eosin staining. The results showed that the combination of theophylline and garlic extract could increase the diameter of the bronchiolus lumen with a p-value = 0.001, so it can be concluded that the combination of theophylline and garlic extract was proven to be statistically significant in increasing the bronchiolar lumen diameter of asthmatic mice.
Uji Efek Penurunan Glukosa Darah Dapagliflozin Monoterapi Dan Kombinasi Dengan Glucose Lowering Agent Lainnya Almas Amalul Fasha; Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma; Galih Samodra
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.15839

Abstract

The success of DM therapy with antidiabetic drug monotherapy is about 25-50% effectiveness, therefore combination therapy is needed. Inhibitor sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) is a new anti-diabetic drug intended for personal therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors work by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule so that glucose will be excreted with urine. SGLT-2 besides being used as monotherapy can also be combined with other DM drugs.  This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dapagliflozin monotherapy compared to metformin, saxagliptin and glimepiride in alloxan-induced Balb-c strain mice. This research was conducted experimentally on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice and the treatment was given for 7 days. The treatment groups were: I. normal, II. alloxan, III. dapagliflozin (D) and the dapagliflozin combination group with: IV. Metformin (DM), V. saxagliptin (DS), VI. Glimepiride (DG), VII. saxagliptin + metformin (DSM). Analysis of the decrease in blood sugar compared between groups on the 7th day after administration. The analysis was carried out using ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that all treatments with antidiabetic drugs alone or in combination given for 7 days can control blood sugar levels to 120 mg/dL. The combination of dapaglyfozine (DM, DS, DSM) showed a significant difference with groups D and DG (p0.05). The combination of dapagliflozin with Metformin, Saxagliptin and Meformin+Sazagliptin showed a good effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels compared to other combinations and alone. 
Optimasi Co-processed Disintegrant Sodium Starch Glycolate dan Pati Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sebagai Bahan Penghancur Fast-Disintegrating Tablet Ondansetron Hydrochloride Rina Suciati; Gunawan Setiyadi
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.15813

Abstract

Ondansetron HCl is a drug that can block serotonin sites that cause nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron administered in fast disintegrating tablet preparations is expected to make it easier for patients to swallow it since it dissolves quickly with the help of saliva. Red bean starch has a moisture content of 9.14% and amylose content of 44.83±1.56% which is useful as a tablet crusher. Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) is a good disintegrant because it has a swelling ability of 300% in water. In this research, co-processed method is used which can reduce the water content and shorten the tablet crushing time effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the different ratios of SSG with red bean starch in co-processed disintegrant on the physical properties of Ondansetron FDT, especially disintegration time, friability and dissolution of tablets and to determine the effect of using co-processed disintegrant SSG-red bean starch in the ondansetron FDT formula with formulas that use non-co-processed disintegrants. The optimization method used in this study was the simplex lattice design with components optimized being SSG and red bean starch in a ratio of 0.5:0.5 (FI), 0.75: 0.25 (FII), 0:1 (FIII), 0.25:0.75 (FIV), and 1:0 (FV). The responses used in the optimization were the physical properties of tablets in the form of friability, disintegration time and tablet dissolution. The optimum formula obtained from the experiment was a formula with a ratio of SSG and red bean starch 0.208:0.792. The predicted response of the optimum formula and the response of the verification formula were 0.61% and (0.66 ± 0.08) % friability, respectively, 37.98 seconds of disintegration and (39.90 ± 0.72) seconds and 97 dissolution 88% and (97.45 ± 0.66) %. The response of the verification formula was within the confidence interval of the prediction response, which indicates that the optimization produces a good prediction. The response of the optimum formula was then compared with the response of the same formula but containing a combination of non-co-processed SSG and red bean starch using a t test with a 95% confidence level. The results of the analysis showed that the P-value for friability was 0.1270.05 and dissolution was 0.0590.05, with no significant difference between the two. Meanwhile, the P-value for disintegration time was 0.006 0.05, which means that there was a significant difference between the co-processed and non-co-processed optimum formulas.Keywords: red bean starch, sodium starch glycolate, simplex lattice design, Ondansetron HCl and fast disintegrating tablet.
Faktor Prediktif Efektifitas Edukasi Farmasis pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 melalui Media Leaflet terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Sedayu 1 Bantul Nurul Kusumawardani; Mirzaliana Mirzaliana; Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Mahfud Mahfud
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Edisi Khusus: RAKERDA, SEMINAR, PD IAI JATENG 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.14536

Abstract

Quality of life (QoL) assessment related to health is one of the therapeutic outcomes that can determine the goal of treatment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pharmacist education using leaflet media during the COVID-19 pandemic and its predictive factors for the quality of life of uncomplicated primary hypertension patients at Sedayu 1 Public Health Center, Bantul. The method used was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling in July-September 2020, until the end of the study, there were 90 respondents who were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment given was in the form of education with leaflet media on the 1st day of the pretest and post-test evaluation on the 31st day. Instruments measuring the quality of life by WHOQoL-BREF. Statistical analysis of the basic characteristics of the respondents and the effectiveness of education were presented descriptively and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (α=95%, p-value0,050 statistically significant). Predictor factors of quality of life are known based on binary logistic regression modeling. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of pharmacist education on quality of life in one of the psychological domains based on the mean value of the transformed score (p-value=0,003), as well as the overall domain in the control group compared to the intervention group (66.29±3.54 and 68.04±2.86., p-value=0.025), with a positive quality of life percentage of 46.70% and 53.30%, respectively. The main predictive factor that most influenced respondent low QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic is control blood pressure (odds ratio [OR]=2.75;95%CI = 1.12–6,87; p-value=0.030). This research shows that the role of the pharmacist is very important in improving the quality of life of people with hypertension, that it will have an impact on reducing hypertension morbidity and mortality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

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