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Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25409573 EISSN : 25409581 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.

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Articles 327 Documents

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Karyotype Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) Majalaya Tuty Arisuryanti; Anjar Tri Wibowo
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) is grouped into Family Cyprinidae and Order Cypriniformes. One of Indonesian common carp which is commonly domesticated in Indonesia to fulfil consumer needs of animal protein is “Majalaya”. Even though the common carp “Majalaya” is extensively domesticated to meet market demands, any comprehensive study on the fish chromosomes has not been investigated. Chromosome study on the common carp “Majalaya” is quite important related to breeding program including certification process. The objective of this study was to study karyotype of the common carp “Majalaya” collected from UKBAT Cangkringan, Yogyakarta. Chromosome preparation of the common carp “Majalaya” investigated in this study was a splash method with blood cell cultures. The results revealed that the common carp “Majalaya” has diploid chromosome number (2n) = 98 classified as 12 (6 pairs) metacentric chromosomes and 86 (43 pairs) telocentric chromosomes displaying karyotype formula 2n = 2x = 98 = 12 m + 86 t. However, sex chromosomes of the common carp “Majalaya” could not be identified in this study. In addition, the variation of total length chromosomes of the fish is between 1,052 μm and 3,299 μm. On the basis of R value (3,079 ± 0.093), the common carp “Majalaya” has chromosome variation size

Potensi Aktinomisetes Asal Tanah Perakaran Mangrove Segara Anakan Cilacap Sebagai Penghasil Antifungi Terhadap Yeast Patogen Candida albicans Rifqi Aulia Akbar; Dini Ryandini; Dyah Fitri Kusharyati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Isolation of actinomycetes has been done from mangrove soil sample of Segara Anakan Cilacap. This research aimed to know the potency of actinomycetes as an antifungal producer, and to measure antifungal activity produced by actinomycetes based on diameter zone inhibition and to know the characteristic of the bioactive compound with Thin Layer Chromatography method. The result of the study has been isolated 24 actinomycetes isolates, 15 of them had potential as an antifungal producer, which inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Period of fermentation significantly affected to the activity of the antifungal compound. The highest inhibitory zone was formed by an antifungal extract from actinomycetes C with a range zone 19.7 mm in length at 14th days fermentation, which was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent (1: 1 v / v). The characteristic of a bioactive compound of the actinomycetes C ha s a Rf value 0.5 in the solvent n-butanol, acetic acid and water (3: 2: 1 v / v / v).

Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Inasua Ferymon Mahulette; Nisa Rachmania Mubarik; Antonius Suwanto; Widanarni Widanarni
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 2 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Inasua is a traditionally product of wet salt fish fermentation produced by Teon, Nila and Serua (TNS) Communities in Central Maluku, Indonesia. The community made this fermented fish to anticipate the lean time when fisherman could not go to sea. The fish that used as inasua raw material is demersal fishes that live around coral reefs, such as Samandar fish (Siganatus guttatus), Gala-gala fish (Lutjanus sp.) and Sikuda fish (Lethrinus ornatus). The objective of the research was to isolate and characterize of bacterial indigenous in Inasua from three producers in Seram Island. The measurement of pH from inasua samples were 5.9, 5.0 and 5.8, respectively. The highest number of lactic acid bacteria was found from Gala – gala inasua was 2,5x107 cfu/g sample. Isolation of all isolates bacteria from inasua showed that a total of 7 isolates of bacteria was obtained from Samadar inasua, 9 isolates from Gala-gala inasua, and 7 isolates from Sikuda inasua. From a total of 23 isolates, only 6 isolates had characteristic as lactic acid bacteria that were Gram positive, negative catalase, and cocci shape. The microscopic characteristics of the isolates are coccid in pairs or uniforms which combine to form tetrads. Carbohydrate utilization test of selected isolate by using API 50 CHB kit indicated that 13 carbohydrates are fermented by these isolates after incubation for 48 hours. The research was concluded that the dominant bacteria in inasua sample is cocci-lactic acid bacteria.Keywords : fermented fish, inasua, lactic acid bacteria, MRSA medium

Biomass Production of Root and Shoot of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. by Liquid and Solid Ms Medium with Plant Growth Hormone IBA Muhammad Hamzah Solim; Y. S. Wulan Manuhara
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 2 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia which has benefits such as for vitality and maintain blood circulation. The aim of this research is to obtain biomass production of root and shoot of T. paniculatum Gaertn. by liquid and solid MS medium with IBA. This research conducted to provide biomass as raw material for secondary metabolites test. Stems as explant were induced with four treatments (liquid MS, solid MS, liquid MS + 2 ppm IBA and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA) with five repetitions. Observation did for 28 days. The parameters are the percentage of explants which formed the root and shoot, morphology, fresh and dry biomass. Result shows that percentage of root and shoot have 100% in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot in solid MS + 2 ppm IBA higher than the others. This research found callus in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Morphology of root in liquid MS has thin and friable, but thick in solid MS. Shoot in solid and liquid MS has thin, short and sturdy.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Campuran Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis Syuhuud Arumbinang Wajdi; Sri Kasmiyati; Susanti Puji Hastuti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Moringa oleifera and Muntingia calabura leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial activity that could inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to test antibacterial activity of the mixed extract of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was conducted by agar disc diffusion method using three groups of extract treatments i.e. M.oleifera seeds extract, M.calabura leaves extract, and mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v). The extraction of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves was conducted by soxhlation method and using ethanol as solvent. The three groups of extract treatments with a concentration of 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm, and 1600 ppm were tested on P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity test of M. oleifera seed extract against B. subtilis carried out at the level of concentrations i.e. 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm, 600 ppm, and 750 ppm, meanwhile, M. calabura leaves extract was done at concentration 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 6000 ppm, and 7500 ppm. The result showed that the three groups of extract treatments possess antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v) at level concentration of 400 ppm and 800 ppm were tested against P. aeruginosa significantly increased, and at concentrations of 1200 ppm and 1600 ppm significantly decreased the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth than the other extracts treatments. The antibacterial test results of M.oleifera seeds extract and M.calabura leaves extract against B. subtilis shows that increased concentrations of the extract significantly increase the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth especially at high concentrations ( 600 ppm and 750 ppm) on M. oleifera seeds extract, as well as 6000 ppm and 7500 ppm in M. calabura leaves extract.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan di Sepanjang Sungai Boyong – Code Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tri Trijoko; Donan Satria Yudha; Rury Eprilurahman; Setiawan Silva Pambudi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The diversity of freshwater fishes which inhabit in the river of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta is not yet well documented. Complete documentation is needed as starting point and continuous research on the fish diversity in DIY. Boyong-Code River flows across the DIY, and it upstream is located on the hillside of Merapi volcano. The Code River upstream is called Boyong River. The research was aimed to acquire data about the diversity of fish fauna along the Boyong-Code River in the DIY. Further, the research purpose is to know which species are rare, potential for aquaculture, and introductive. Samples are taken along the Boyong-Code River starting from upstream to downstream. Samples were collected using Purposive Random Sampling methods with fishnets. Sampling area generally divided into three location i.e., upstream, middle-stream and downstream. Species diversity of fish in the Boyong-Code River is consisted of 24 species, with 5 introductive species. There are eleven native fish species which are potential for cultivation (aquaculture), i.e.: Barbodes binotatus, Mystacoleucus obtusirostris, Rasbora lateristriata, Rasbora argyrotaenia, Barbonymus balleroides, Osteochilus vittatus, Hampala macrolepidota, Anabas testudineus, Channa striata, Clarias leiacanthus and Clarias batrachus. The Boyong-Code River is a decent habitat for fishes. Many introduced fishes starting to invade the Boyong-Code River intentionally or unintentionally by human

The Effect Of Cadmium on Sperm Quality and Fertilization Of Cyprinus carpio L. Alfiah Hayati; Khusnita Giarti; Yuli Winarsih; Muhammad Hilman Fuadil Amin
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cadmium on sperm quality and fertilization of C. carpio L. Sperm and eggs were collected by abdomen striping from the mature testis and ovary of C. carpio L. This study used one control and four treatment groups of variation on the cadmium concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) with eight replications. Sperm motility (mass motility, mass motility duration, and individual motility duration) and viability were measured after three to four seconds of incubation in the water. The percentage of fertility success was calculated by observing embryo development after the eggs were mixed with sperm and incubated in the water for 72 hours. The success of the fertilization process was indicated by a color change of the egg that darkens after successful fertilization, and white-milk if failed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that exposure of 50 ppm cadmium and control group shown success in term of sperm quality (motility and viability) and fertilization, but at 100 ppm or more decreased the sperm quality and fertilization rate. It can be concluded that cadmium exposure decreases sperm quality and fertility at 100 ppm or higher concentrations.

Moluska Benthik di Perairan Lima Muara Sungai Kawasan Teluk Lamong, Surabaya, Jawa Timur Ucu Yanu Arbi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 2 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Observation on mollusk on five estuary of Lamong Bay waters was conducted on June and October 2005. The aim of this study was to determine condition and community structure of molluscs living in those areas. Samples were collected using Eckmann grab and sieved through 0.5 mm mesh-sized. The number of mollusk species was 21 species, consist of 8 species class of Gastropoda and 13 species class of Bivalvia. A diversity index (H) ranged 0.802 to 1.028, an evenness index (J) was 0.923 to 1 and a richness index (D) was 15.126 to 20.959. In which Tellina palatum (Tellinidae) and Placemen calophyla (Veneridae) class of Bivalvia relatively wide distributed. In generally, this result showed that five estuary of Lamong Bay waters has a relatively low molluscs diversity.

Bioaktivitas ekstrak batang Xylocarpus granatum sebagai anti black spot alternatif pada Litopenaeus vannamei pasca panen Lanny Kartikasari; Awik Pudji Diah Nurhayati; Edwin Setiawan; Dewi Hidayati; Nova Maulidina Ashuri; Noor Nailis Saadah; Farid Kamal Muzaki; Iska Desmawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research was done to explore bioactivity of Xylocarpus granatum’s stem extract as tyrosinase inhibitor for alternative preventing black spot in Litopenaeus vannamei postharvest. In this research, extraction of bioactive compound from X. granatum stem was done by soaking the stem in 96% methanol for 24h at temperature 29°C. The methanol was evaporated by using rotary evaporator at temperature 50°C. The extract was dilute with distillate water at series of dilutions (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and distillate water as the control), and then immersing L. vannamei into X. granatum’s stem extract as much as 10ml for 6h, and finally the data analyzing use the Kruskal Wallis test and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with the degree of confident 95%. The result showed that X. granatum’s stem extract is able to prevent a black spot of L. vannamei after harvesting process. Furthermore, concentration of 10 % of extract is an effective concentration for preventing a black spot and the control has black spot 0.0360 – 0.0373 mm2.

Pemanfaatan dan Efektivitas Kegiatan Penangkaran Penyu di Bali bagi Konservasi Penyu Eterna Firliansyah; Mirza Dikari Kusrini; Arzyana Sunkar
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sea turtle has been widely consumed in Bali since the 1970s mostly for religious activities. After many international critics, various stakeholders (governments, NGOs, environmentalists and Balinese people) developed the so-called “turtle conservation centre” as means to conserve sea turtles. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of those conservation efforts by evaluating the conservation activities of each conservation centres. We visited five sea turtle conservation centres in Bali; all were named as captive breeding centres or farm. The captive breeding centre is misleading as there is no activity related to captive breeding, mostly hatchery. Some of the eggs were not even originated from Bali, and the centres were sometimes used as the source for sea turtle for religious purposes. Based on the scoring, only one centre is active in terms of conservation. Turtle conservation program in Bali should increase their in situ program, i.e. mapping and protecting the nesting habitat and conducting regular monitoring of nesting turtle.

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