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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 327 Documents
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Phytochemical Properties, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Activity of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia To'bungan, Nelsiani; Widhiastuti, Stefani Santi; Hida, Fitriana Nur Laissya; Mahardhika, I Wayan Swarautama
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.90976

Abstract

Hyptis capitata Jacq. known as Sumambu plants in Sulawesi, has phytopharmaceutical importance. H. capitata extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. Using the maceration yielded five types of extracts: root chloroform (RC), root methanol (RM), leaf chloroform (LC), leaf methanol (LM), and leaf ethanol (LE). Phytochemical properties were identified by qualifying procedure and digital image analysis for quantifying Red-Green-Blue (RGB) percentage and hex colour code. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Cytotoxicity screening of each extract was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against HeLa and 4T1 cells. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) assay was used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the extracts with the most promising potential. Alkaloids were the major constituents of the phytochemicals of RC, RM, LE, LC, and LM. RM and LM have potency and weak free radical scavenging activities, with IC50 value 31.08 and 58.03 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of RC and RM against HeLa cells were 84.21 ± 0.63 and 172.10 ± 02.90 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of RC and RM against 4T1 cells were 86.42 ± 0.80 and 182.82 ± 7.00 µg/mL, respectively. It means RC and RM exhibit a moderate level of cytotoxicity in both HeLa and 4T1 cells. LM shows moderate cytotoxicity, but it is limited to 4T1 cells with an IC50 value of 181.86 ± 12.68 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity level of extracts was lower than doxorubicin. Campesterol, ferruginol, stigmasterol, cis-13-octadecenoic acid methyl esters, and methyl palmitate were predicted to play a role in the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of RC, RM, and LM. RC, RM, and LM possess the potential for development as anticancer agents. Moreover, RM shows promise as an antioxidant due to its notable radical scavenging activity. Further research is required to explore the cytotoxic effects of RC, RM, and LM on normal cells and to assess their toxicity in experimental animals. 
Characterization of Flower’s Color based on CHS Gene Structure in Phalaenopsis ‘OX Queen’ and Dendrobium ‘Cheddi Jagan’ Orchids Hanifa, Yumna Rahmadias; Gildantia, Elke; Kasi, Pauline Destinugrainy; Purwantoro, Aziz; Semiarti, Endang
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.91511

Abstract

Orchids (Orchidaceae) are ornamental plants known for their high aesthetic value attributed to the shapes, colours, and fragrances of their flowers. Two types of hybrid orchids with attractive flowers, namely the Phalaenopsis 'OX Queen' orchid and the Dendrobium 'Cheddi Jagan' boast attractive flowers were used in this research, because of the beauty of its flower colour. The objective of this research is to characterise the morphology of flower colour and CHS (Chalcone Synthase) gene content that induces flower colour. The method used in this research analyzing the flower’s colour by using the RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) colour chart and molecular analysis by DNA genomic isolation and PCR amplification of gDNA for CHS gene specific primers. The results showed that purple colour is observed through the RHS, with P. 'OX Queen' coded as Deep Purple Pink (N73A) and D. 'Cheddi Jagan' coded as Strong Reddish Purple (N72C). The CHS gene can be amplified in P. ’OX Queen’ 1,287 bp and D. ’Cheddi jagan’ 3,731 bp. In both orchids, the results of amplification showed CHS motifs with conserved domains PLN03172 and PLN03170. The research results show that there is a significant difference in the morphology of the flowers of orchids. Purple colour is observed through the RHS, with P. 'OX Queen' coded as N73A and D. 'Cheddi Jagan' coded as N73C. The results showed that gDNA can be isolated by using CTAB method according to Murray and Thomson, and the CHS gene can be amplified by using CHS primers, resulting 1200 bp of P. 'OX Queen' and 2500 bp for D. 'Cheddi Jagan'. Through this study, preliminary data is expected to be obtained for future research, which is the formation of variegated flowers through editing the CRISPR/Cas9 genome in the CHS gene. This research is intended to support further studies on the formation of variegated flower patterns in P. 'OX Queen' and D. 'Cheddi Jagan’, focusing on the CHS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. 
Diversity of Zingiber Mill. (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia Including Short Remarks of an Undescribed Taxon Sedek, Aimi Syazana; Mohamad, Salasiah; Yen, Sam Yen
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.93187

Abstract

Zingiber, a notable genus within the Zingiberaceae family, is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. It encompasses a total of at least 141 species on a global scale, with 25 native species and 30 known taxa identified specifically in Peninsular Malaysia. Of these known taxa, at least 7 are categorised as threatened, 5 are endemic, and the rest remain unassessed regarding their conservation status. This article provides a comprehensive checklist and taxonomic insights for all native Zingiber in Peninsular Malaysia. Remarkably, from the current fieldwork, the discovery of a peculiar Zingiber plant from the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia holds the potential to contribute additional records within this genus. Initially, this species resembles Z. belumense and Z. purpureum in their inflorescence colouration, displaying shades ranging from brownish maroon to dark purple with green bracts, but this newly proposed taxon stands out due to its combination of distinctive traits. An intriguing observation notes the presence of red sap when the leafy shoots were cut and needs further corroboration. This article establishes a provisional taxonomic designation for the newly discovered species, Zingiber sp. (Bahangense130). A comprehensive description supported by robust molecular phylogenetic evidence is currently underway, while brief notes and illustrative images of the proposed taxon are provided within this paper.
Genetic Variation of Baram River Frog, Pulchrana baramica (Boettger, 1900), In Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan based on 16S Mitochondrial Gene Fauzi, Luthfi; Arisuryanti, Tuty; Aji, Katon Waskito; Riyanto, Awal; Smith, Eric N.; Hamidy, Amir
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.84814

Abstract

Baram River Frog (Pulchrana baramica) is a ranid species distributed in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and represents the sole species from the genus Pulchrana on Java Island. Cryptic species are commonly encountered within the amphibian group which can cause confusion in the identification process. Due to the broad distribution range of P. baramica and the frequent occurrence of cryptic species within the amphibian group, it is important to evaluate the taxonomic status of P. baramica. Therefore, we investigated the taxonomic position of P. baramica from three populations (Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Java) and identified the interpopulation genetic variation based on molecular data of the 16S mitochondrial gene. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using Neighbour Joining, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference. The research results revealed that Pulchrana baramica is a monophyletic group and nested within a group together with P. glandulosa and P. laterimaculata. The monophyletic group of P. baramica consisted of four distinct lineages that molecularly showed interspecific genetic variation. Clade 1 represents the population of Sumatra and Borneo (Kalimantan), clade 2 comprises the population from Borneo (Sarawak), clade 3 consists of population from Java, and clade 4 represents the population from Sumatra. Further research is required with the addition of morphological and acoustic data as supportive evidence to obtain more extensive comprehension of species identification.
The Application of Amino Acid Racemization Geochronology of Tubipora sp. in Marine Terraces of Manokwari Region, West Papua, Indonesia Hidayat, Rahmadi; Saputra, Sukahar Eka Adi; Husein, Salahuddin
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87657

Abstract

The active neotectonics of northern West Papuan coastlines allow the formation of emergent marine terraces associated with Quaternary sea-level high stands. These terraces contain fossils from the coral assemblage, which are useful for geochronological assessments and further estimating uplift rates. Here, we report the applicability of amino acid racemization (AAR) of Tubipora sp. to discriminate different ages associated with stages of sea-level high stand, constrained by previous uranium-thorium (U/Th) series dating. The results from amino acid dating of three samples reveal two distinct extents of racemization corresponding to terraces developed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 sensu lato and 1. However, AAR analysis could not further discriminate interstadial MIS 5a and 5c as determined by published radiometric dating. This indicates the low resolving power of amino acid dating to distinguish sub-sequences beyond the interglacial period. Nevertheless, the cost-effective and rapid analysis of AAR dating of Tubipora sp. can be used as preliminary results related to marine terraces formed in different interglacial events.
Morpho-Ecotype Characterization of Superior Local Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) in Jember Regency Sari, Vega Kartika; Sa'diyah, Halimatus; Basuki, Basuki
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87810

Abstract

Panti and Sumberjambe Districs are known as durian centre in Jember Regency, it is necessary to characterise the main potential superior durian trees. The exploratory investigation was carried out between April - July 2023. Morphological characterisation and Ecological observations including topography, soil type and climate were carried out. Data were analysed in clusters and descriptively. The results showed that 10 local durian accessions from Panti District had 66% similarity. The highest similarity between Montong Belanda and Gendon durians (75%). Ten local durians from Sumberjambe showed 64% similarity. Si Sukun differed significantly, whereas LK 1 and LK 4 shared 85% similarity.
Expression, Characterisation and Structural Homology Modelling of Recombinant Mercuric Reductase of Streptomyces sp. AS2 Khasanah, Anis Uswatun; Putri, Wahyu Aristyaning; Rahayu, Hanum Mukti; Sembiring, Langkah; Purwestri, Yekti Asih
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88773

Abstract

Mercury pollution poses a significant environmental challenge worldwide, prompting extensive efforts over the past two decades to combat its detrimental effects. Cloning merA from Streptomyces sp. AS2 (Accession numbers LC026157) into the expression vector pET-28c (+) marks a critical advancement in this field, necessitating further investigation into the expression and structural analysis of the resulting recombinant mercuric reductase protein. This study aimed to optimise the expression and characterise the structural MerA protein. The study involved the expression of merA from AS2 isolate in the host Escherichia coli BL21 and the measurement of mercuric reductase using SDS-PAGE. Induction of E. coli BL21 was optimized by adding IPTG concentration and incubation time. Purification of mercuric reductase was attempted using ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and column chromatography. Protein structural characterisation was conducted using computational modelling tools Swiss-Model and Phyre2. Expression of merA from AS2 isolate was successfully performed in E. coli BL21, with SDS-PAGE showing a dominant band in the 55-70 kDa range using IPTG concentration 1 and 1,2 mM and 18-hour incubation time. The specific activity of mercuric reductase was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 294.07 Unit/mg. Protein structural characterisation revealed homology with Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Swiss-Model) and similar folding to c5c1Yc, a known mercuric reductase from the same species using Phyre2. The successful expression of recombinant pET-28c (+)-MerA in E. coli BL21 offers new opportunities for bioremediation efforts targeting mercury contamination. 
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Soymilk and Its Growth in Soymilk By-product Medium for the Application in Soymilk Fermentation Retnowati, Faizah Diah; Purwestri, Yekti Asih; Sine, Yuni
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.89003

Abstract

The separation phase of soy-product manufacturing, especially of soymilk production, involves using the liquid portion of soy while disposing primarily of the solid portion, known as soymilk by-product (SMB). The improper disposal of SMB can contribute to environmental concerns. As SMB contains many beneficial nutrients, this could serve as a valuable culture medium for lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially considering the expense of the standard de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium. This study aimed to isolate and identify LAB from soymilk through 16S rRNA sequencing, assess the potential of SMB as a culture medium for LAB, and ferment soymilk with LAB cultured from SMB to demonstrate the probiotic capacity. The research identified a potential LAB as Weissella confusa. Effective cultivation of LAB was demonstrated at 2% SMB concentration, although LAB cultured with MRS medium yielded a higher colony count. Furthermore, fermentation of soymilk by the LAB isolates from SMB exhibited a positive probiotic ability, reaching 5.5 × 109 CFU/mL, with a lactic acid content of 0.27%. 
Inventory of Macrofungi in Area of Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) Ir. H. Djuanda Bandung Suryani, Yani; Cahyanto, Tri; Akbar, Rahmat Taufiq Mustahiq; Dicky, Dicky; Madani, Pameila Qaulan Tsaqila; Meldania, Rindi; Tisnawati, Sophia Eka; Darniwa, Adisty Virakawugi; Musa’adah, Musa’adah; Fitriyyah, Ita; Tridesianti, Siska; Adawiyah, Ayuni
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.89482

Abstract

Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) Ir. H. Djuanda Bandung is an integrated conservation area in which there are secondary natural forests that have various kinds of flora and fauna. Macrofungi are fungi whose fruiting bodies can be seen directly without the aid of a microscope, heterotrophic, and ecologically act as decomposers of organic matter (decomposers) and as biological control agents. Data related to research results on macrofungi in the Tahura area is still limited and need more comprehensive research. This study aimed to inventory, determine the growth factors, and potential utilization of macroscopic fungi. Observations were carried out during the period of November 2021 - April 2022 using exploration method. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Macrofungi identification process was carried out based on morphological characters such as cap, stalk, and lamella, The environmental factors observed included air humidity, soil pH, temperature, and type of substrate. The results showed that as many as 83 species were found in the Protection block, 50 species were found in the Collection block, and 99 species were identified in the Utilization block from the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The macrofungi found have potential as biodegradation agents, food ingredients, non-food ingredients, drugs, antimicrobials, antioxidants, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. 
First Record of the Ladder Gudgeon Bostrychus scalaris Larson, 2008 (Gobiiformes: Eleotridae: Butinae) from Mangrove Estuary of South Sumatra, Indonesia Rusdianto, Rusdianto; Wahyudewantoro, Gema; Wibowo, Kunto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.89544

Abstract

A single specimen of Bostrychus scalaris was collected from the mangrove estuary of Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The species was originally described as a new species based on a single specimen collected from the disturbed mangrove site in Sementa River, Selangor State, Malaysia. Subsequently, the species was known to have been distributed in Singapore based on a watercolour painting by a French naturalist also in Mekong River in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam. The present specimen of B. scalaris represents the first record of the species from Indonesian water and southernmost record of the species. 

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