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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences

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Published by Universitas Brawijaya

ISSN : 20875517 EISSN : 25274376 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.

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Articles 986 Documents

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Resistance of Aedes as a Vectors Potential for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang City, Indonesia Martini, Martini; Hestiningsih, Retno; Widjanarko, Bagoes; Purwantisasari, Susiana
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a significant health problem in Semarang, Indonesia. A Certain type of insecticides has been widely applied beginning in the last decade as an effort to control the mosquito vectors of dengue virus. This practice could lead to increased resistance in mosquito populations toward these types of insecticides. This research aimed to describe the resistance status of Aedes sp. populations in Semarang. A cross-sectional design study was conducted in 2015, with Aedes sp. populations sampled in several villages of Semarang. Field strains of Aedes sp. eggs were collected using ovitraps and larvae from entomological surveys. Mosquito adults were raised from the collected eggs and larvae under standard conditions and used for biochemical assays. ELISA examined Aedes sp. resistance status. The results showed that there was monooxygenase activity in Aedes sp. populations. In quantitative terms, 77.8% of mosquito samples showed an Optical Density (OD) more than the cut-off point (0.165). Resistance to synthetic pyrethroid insecticide in Aedes sp. mosquitoes population in Semarang may be caused by the mechanism of monooxygenase detoxification enzymes in particular. This case indicated that Aedes sp. has a high capacity as a vector to transmit the dengue virus in Semarang.

THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF TORBANGUN (COLEUS AMBOINICUS L.) LEAVES INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION WITH UP-REGULATED GENES EXPRESSION OF PROLACTIN RECEPTOR Iwansyah, Ade Chandra; Damanik, Rizal Martua; Kustiyah, Lilik; Hanafi, Muhammad
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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This study aim was to determine lactagogue effect of torbangun leaves to plasma levels of lactogenic hormone and gene expression of their receptors in mammary glands of lactation rats. Lactagogue activity was evaluated by volume of milk was produced by the rats treated with commercial milk booster contained ?katuk' leaves extract (AF), ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves (EA), water extraction of torbangun leaves (AQ) and kaempferol (KP). Lactating rats (n=5) of Sprague dawley with six pups were fed with AF, EA, AQ, and KP in the amount of 50 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The feed was given orally every two days and starting from day 2 after giving birth until day 28. The volume of milk was estimated by the increment pup weight after breastfed. The levels of serum lactogenic hormones were determined by ELISA methods. Moreover, in order to measure the gene expression of the lactogenic hormone's receptors in the mammary gland a real time - reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was performed. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves (EA) (a) was not significantly stimulating the synthesis of serum prolactin and estradiol at day 14 and day 28 lactation period, (b) down-regulated the gene expression of estradiol receptor (ER?) at day 28, and (c) up-regulated the gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in mammary gland at day 14 and day 28. This study indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of torbangun leaves was induced milk production, within up-regulated the gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the mammary gland of lactation rats.

MICROSATELLITE MARKER FOR GENETIC VARIATION ANALYSIS IN LOCAL CHILI PEPPER (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L.) INDUCED BY ETHYL METHANE SULFONATE (EMS) Juliandari, Ria Reinnata; Mastuti, Retno; Arumningtyas, Estri Laras; Arumningtyas, Estri Laras
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Mutation using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) is a simple and quick method to produce genetic variation in chili pepper. In this study, a total of 3 genotypes of local chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), i.e. Genotype 2 (G2), Genotype 7 (G7), and Genotype 11 (G11) were induced by EMS with concentrations of 0% (K0), 0.01% (K1), 0.02% (K2), and 0.04% (K3). Genetic variation analysis in mutant was performed based on 3 microsatellite markers CA 19, CA 27, CA 62. Those molecular markers successfully detected the genetic variation in chili pepper mutant based on the number and size of microsatellite alleles variation. The 3 genotypes of chili pepper mutant produced a total of 15 alleles with the average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value of 0.82. Compared to the control plant, genetic variations in genome level were observed in local chili pepper. Furthermore, the treatment of EMS with concentration of 0.04% produced the most notable genetic variation in 3 genotypes of local chili pepper.

Toxicity Test on Wedusan (Ageratum spp.) Extract Against Sitophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Mosip, Erinus; Rahardjo, Bambang; Astuti, Ludji
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Tropical condition in Southeast Asia has contributed around 30% of post harvest damage as it provide optimum condition for the growth of Sitophilus spp. pest. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of wedusan extract on controlling Sitophilus spp. Growth. Wedusan extract was given in different level of concentrations. The research used the Randomized Complete Design. Wedusan (Ageratum spp.) extract affected the imago mortality of Sitophilus spp. There were two kinds of Wedusan extract used in this study, dried extract (DE) and fresh extract (FE).Â Sitophilus imago were put into bottles filled with organic rice and were treated with Wedusan extract. The mortality level was obsered at 24 Hours After Application (HAA), 48 HAA, and 72 HAA. The highest toxicity was found by the treatment of dried extract of wedusan 5 tablets, by LC50 55% on 24 HAA and 82.25% on 72 HAA. Extract of dry matter has higher toxicity effect than fresh extract. The application of wedusan extract is eviromental friendly and specific-range against pest. It is promising for future development as natural product in agriculture area.

The Use of Natural Phenomenon in Obtaining Pregnant Rats and Mice as Experimental Animals with The Same Gestational Ages Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Gondo, Harry Kurniawan; Nugraha, Rivo Yudhinata Brian; Putri, Anisa Tiara; Effendy, Meyland Citra Oktri Sienty
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Hormonal oestrus synchronization is often used to obtain the same gestational ages animal models, but it may not physiologic nor practical. This research was conducted to find out a simple method in obtaining physiologic pregnant experimental animals. We used 120 female rats and mice each, divided into 16 groups with 15 members each. They were classified according to the state of parities, pair or group mating, and synchronization of oestrous. The estrous synchronization is done by utilizing the natural phenomenon (Lee-Boot, Pheromone, and Whitten effect). All nulliparous and multiparous models then were simultaneously mated for one night in pairs (1:1) or in groups (1:5) subsequently. Pregnancy rates were noted based on the number of models delivering pups on day 19-23 post-mating. The highest pregnancy rate was noted in group of multiparous, synchronized and monogamous rats (86.7%), followed by nulliparous, synchronized and monogamous rats (73.3%) and multiparous, synchronized and monogamous mice (60%) (p<0.05). Synchronization of the estrous and monogamous mating of rats or mice had significant roles in pregnancy rates (p<0.05). To get a high number of pregnant rats or mice models, we suggest to use the multiparous, estrous synchronized and monogamous simultaneous mating within one night.

The Correlation of Regulatory T (TReg) and Vitamin D3 in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Nurtyas, Yunika; Subandiyah, Krisni; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.01.08

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an autoimmune disease that correlates to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (TReg). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy of TReg population in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. This study was designed randomized clinical trial, double blind, with pre- and post-test control groups involving 15 subjects newly diagnosed with NS. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely K1 for group treated with prednisone+vitamin D and K2 group for prednisone treatment only. The population of TReg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed using flowcytometry. Vitamin D serum level was measured through ELISA method. Results showed that there was a significant elevation of TReg (independent t-test, p = 0.010) in K1 group, which was higher than in K2 group. The Pearson test in the K1 group showed that vitamin D level was positively correlated with TReg (p = 0.039, r = 0.779).

Population Abundance of Scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and The Parasitoids on the Apple Crop Supriadi, Khojin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

These last few years, scales pest infestation on the apple crop in Batu city is a problem that has yet to be controlled. Scales infestations are always there at the apple crop but different population levels at each stage of the apple crop growth. Patterns of population abundance of scales that are synchronized with the apple crop growth stages need to be understood and the basis for the control of scales infestation. The study was conducted in July 2012 until January 2013 in Bumiaji, Batu City. The study was conducted at two locations that have a different altitude, each in Binangun village the altitude of Â± 900 meters above sea level and in the Tulungrejo village that have altitude Â± 1.515 meters above sea level. Results from this study are the pattern of population abundance of scales are linear with the average level of high population caused not found parasitoid as a result of excessive use of insecticides and biodiversity is low. The pattern of population abundance of scales began to rise sharply in the phase of thinning and covering of apple fruit. If required the application of insecticide should be addressed at the time of first instar scales and adult males, but it must be carried out carefully so as not to kill non-target insects.

Fruit Nutrients of Five Species of Wild Raspberries (Rubus spp.) from Indonesian Mountainâ€™s Forests Surya, Muhammad Imam; Suhartati, Siti; Ismaini, Lily; Lusini, Yuyun; Destri, Destri; Anggraeni, Dian; Normasiwi, Suluh; Asni, Nurul; Sidiq, Mirwan Abu Bakar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Rubus spp. (wild raspberries) is one of genera belongs to Rosaceae, also distributed in the mountain forest of Indonesia. It has a high potency to be cultivated plant. Although, some of the potential of Rubus has already known, information of about fruit nutrients of species that distribute in the mountain forest of Indonesia are not known yet. This study was aimed to determine the fruit nutrients of five species of wild raspberries that was collected in Cibodas Botanical Garden. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the fruits nutrients contents varied among five species of wild raspberries from Indonesian mountain's forests. Rubus fraxinifolius has the highest content of sugar (5.05 g sugar per 100 g fruits) compared to Rubus rosifolius, Rubus chrysophyllus, Rubus lineatus and raspberry. During the ripening and ripe period, there were a different value of vitamin C and iron contents. The highest vitamin C of R. fraxinifolius (83.65 mg/100 gram) on the ripening fruit stage II. On the other hand, the highest vitamin C of R. rosifolius (54.30 mg/100 gram) found on the stage of ripe fruit.

Elevational Pattern of Orchid Rarity and Endemism in Mt. Kalatungan, Mindanao Island, Philippines Betanio, Jessa Marie Garsuta; Buenavista, Dave Paladin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.03

Despite being the Philippines most threatened group of plants, ecological studies on the orchid flora remains to be scanty and poorly studied which become an impediment to their conservation. This study aimed to identify the forest zones and species of conservation priority with an emphasis on the rare and endemic or-chid species.Â A field investigation was carried out using a line transect and plot-sampling methods established along the elevational zones of Mt. Kalatungan Range National Park. Results showed the presence of 44 orchid species belonging to 28 genera, 39 (91%) species of orchids are Philippine endemic with eight new records. The elevational pattern of species followed a double humped-shaped pattern at 1,320-1,395 m and 1,886 â€“ 1,965 m above sea levels (masl). Based on rarity index, 35 (83%) species are very rare, three (7%) are sparse, three (7%) common and one (3%) is common. The density of endemism was recorded to increase as eleva-tion increases which peaked at 1,886 â€“ 1,965 masl but declines at 2,000 masl Findings of the study suggest that the elevational pattern of orchid species follows a humped-shaped pattern wherein species richness is highest in the middle of the elevation gradient.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF PUSPA (SCHIMA WALLICHII) LEAVES EXTRACT FROM INDONESIA Widiyarti, Galuh; Supiani, Supiani; Tiara, Yova
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Antioxidant and toxicity of Puspa (Schima wallichii) were studied. The plant extracts were prepared for bio-logical screening. Antioxidant activity of extracts was analysed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as stable free radical, while toxicity of extracts was analysed by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The result showed that ethyl acetate, methanol and butanol extracts were very active as antioxidant, as indicated by IC50 value of 11.44, 17.97 and 12.55 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Whilst n-hexane extract was not active as antioxidant indicated by IC50 value of 257.91 µg/mL, but aquadest extract was less active as antioxi-dant indicated by IC50 value of 171.94 µg/mL. The toxicity test result showed that all extracts were active against Artemia salina Leach with LC50 value of 107.35 ? 902 µg/mL. Furthermore, isolation of individual bio-active compound of ethyl acetate extract that most active as antioxidant was carried out using column chroma-tography followed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The active isolate was then identified using TLC, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS).. The identification result showed that the major compound contained a putative compound known as theanine with MS 174.26 g/mol. The isolate was very active as antioxidant with IC50 value of 48.04 µg/mL, although it was less active than the extract. The isolate was also toxic with LC50 value of 27.71 µg/mL so that puspa leaf potentially to be developed as a natural antioxidant and anticancer agent for preventing of human diseases.

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