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INDONESIA
JURNAL MAGISTER HUKUM UDAYANA
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 25023101     EISSN : 2302528X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana adalah jurnal ilmiah hukum yang mempublikasikan hasil kajian bidang hukum yang diterbitkan secara online empat kali setahun (Februari-Mei-Agustus-Nopember). Redaksi menerima tulisan yang berupa hasil kajian yang berasal dari penelitian hukum dalam berbagai bidang ilmu hukum yang belum pernah dipublikasikan serta orisinal. Jurnal ini selain memuat tulisan / kajian dari para pakar ilmu hukum (dosen, guru besar, praktisi dan lain-lain.) juga memuat tulisan mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Hukum baik yang merupakan bagian dari penulisan tesis maupun kajian lainnya yang orisinal. Tulisan yang masuk ke Redaksi akan diseleksi dan direview untuk dapat dimuat
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 664 Documents
Model Perjanjian Escrow : Kajian Tentang Kewenangan dan Tugas Notaris Sebagai Penyedia Jasa Escrow Anak Agung Bagus Juniarta; Desak Putu Dewi Kasih
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i01.p15

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, identify, and elaborate on the concept of escrow or escrow accounts including escrow agreements in relation to buying and selling transactions in Indonesia and to examine the role of Notaries as providers of escrow services in buying and selling transactions in Indonesia based on the prevailing laws and regulations. apply. This paper is a paper that used a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and an analytical approach. The results of the study show that the concept of escrow service is a service provided by a neutral or impartial third party with the aim of storing documents, securities, goods or money, based on a written agreement between the seller, buyer and escrow holder, where the agreement contains instructions on the procedures and conditions for the delivery of documents, securities, goods or money to certain parties, as well as the authority of a notary as a provider of escrow services in buying and selling transactions is not regulated in UUJN-P especially in Article 15 UUJN-P does not explain that a notary is authorized as escrow service provider in buying and selling transactions, so in other words a Notary does not have the authority to become an escrow service provider in buying and selling transactions. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisa, mengidentifikasi, dan mengelaborasi konsep escrow atau escrow account termasuk juga perjanjian escrow dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan transaksi jual beli di Indonesia serta mengkaji mengenai peran Notaris sebagai penyedia jasa escrow dalam transaksi jual beli di Indonesia berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Tulisan ini adalah tulisan yang menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan analisis (analytical approach). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa konsep jasa escrow adalah suatu jasa yang diberikan oleh pihak ketiga yang bersifat netral atau tidak memihak dengan tujuan untuk menyimpan dokumen, surat berharga, barang atau uang, berdasarkan atas perjanjian tertulis antara penjual, pembeli dan pemegang escrow, dimana perjanjian tersebut berisi instruksi tentang tata cara dan kondisi untuk penyerahan atas dokumen, surat berharga, barang atau uang ke pihak tertentu, serta Kewenangan notaris sebagai penyedia jasa escrow dalam transaksi jual beli tidak diatur dalam UUJN-P khususnya dalam Pasal 15 UUJN-P tidak menjelaskan Notaris berwenang sebagai penyedia jasa escrow dalam transaksi jual beli, sehingga dengan kata lain Notaris tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk menjadi penyedia jasa escrow dalam transaksi jual beli.
The Stateless Person In Indonesia: Consequences and Legal Protection Made Nurmawati
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i01.p06

Abstract

This study aimed to examine what the legal consequences are for those who are stateless persons and how the government's legal protection for people with status as stateless persons in Indonesia. The method used to achieve this goal is through normative legal research. Legal materials will be collected by means of an inventory, classification, identification, interpretation and descriptive analysis. The results indicated that there are various causes of statelessness, such as: disintegration of the nation, political factors, the application of different citizenship principles between countries, bureaucratic obstacles, racial, religious discrimination and etcetera. The state of statelessness will result in the lack of rights and obligations and protection of them from any country. Indonesia has attempted to provide legal protection for those with statelessness through concrete efforts by collaborating with UNHCR, entering into agreements between countries, discretion and regulations in existing legislation. However, the existing regulations still need to be revised the obscurity of several norms relating to protection of stateless persons.
Pelayanan Prima Narapidana Korupsi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Yohanes Sri Pudyatmoko; G. Aryadi
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i01.p11

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze public services for convicts of corruption cases in Penitentiary Institutions. This study is intended to find the basis for applying the principle of correctional justice with a justice approach to the possibility of preferential treatment. This research is a normative legal research based on secondary data from Correctional Institutions in Special Region of Yogyakarta, especially Wirogunan Prison and Sleman Prison with the support of primary data. The results of the study indicate that public services have been implemented with reference to service standards in the two research objects. Special treatment is given based on considerations of justice by referring to affirmative action to certain prisoners but does not only lead to corruption convicts. In the preferential treatment of prisoners there is indeed discrimination, but it is positive discrimination according to justice which is justified. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelayanan publik bagi narapidana kasus korupsi di Lembaga Pemasyaraktan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan menemukan landasan penerapan prinsip pemasyarakatan dengan pendekatan keadilan terhadap kemungkinan adanya perlakuan istimewa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif berdasarkan data sekunder Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, khususnya Lapas Wirogunan dan Lapas Sleman dengan dukungan data primer. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan publik telah dilaksanakan dengan mengacu standar pelayanan di kedua objek penelitian. Perlakuan istinewa diberikan berdasarkan pertimbangan keadilan dengan mengacu pada affirmative action kepada narapidana tertentu akan tetapi tidak mengarah kepada narapidana kasus korupsi saja. Dalam perlakuan istimewa terhadap narapidana tersebut memang terdapat diskriminasi, akan tetapi merupakan diskriminasi positif sesuai keadilan yang memang dibenarkan.
Law Enforcement in The Process of Investigation on The Crime of Skimming by Foreign Nationals I Made Wahyu Chandra Satriana; Ni Made Liana Dewi
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i01.p02

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the law enforcement process at the level of investigation of skimming crimes by foreign nationals in the jurisdiction of the Bali Police; and Factors that support and hinder the law enforcement process at the investigation level of skimming crimes by foreign nationals in the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police. The research method used is a empirical legal research. The results showed that law enforcement process at the level of investigation of skimming crimes by foreign nationals in the Bali Regional Police jurisdiction was carried out based on Perkap No. 6 of 2019 which includes receiving police reports, making investigative administrations, examining victims and witnesses, collecting evidence and conducting case titles that end in the examination process in court; and factors that support and hinder the law enforcement process at the level of investigation of skimming crimes by foreign nationals in the Bali Regional Police jurisdiction, including (a) supporting factors which include their own legal (act factors) and public factors; (b) inhibiting factors include legal themselves (statutory factors), law enforcement, and facilities that support law enforcement, community and legal culture factors.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Para Pihak dalam Kegiatan Equity-Based Crowdfunding di Indonesia Ni Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Rismajayanti; Anak Agung Gede Duwira Hadi Santosa
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i01.p16

Abstract

Equity crowdfunding investors need legal certainty and legal protection for their investments. On the other hand, equity issuers and platform operators also need to get legal certainty from the Financial Services Authority. The Financial Services Authority has issued Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 37/POJK.04/2018 regarding Funding Services through Information Technology Based Shares (Equity Crowdfunding). The problem examined in this paper is how the construction of legal relations and legal protection for the parties in equity crowdfunding in Indonesia. This study uses a normative method by reviewing the laws and regulations related to the legal issues studied. The results of the study concluded that the parties in holding equity crowdfunding, namely share issuers, organizers, and investors, all three has a triangular relationship that is born based on agreements or laws and regulations. Even though the OJK has issued regulations relating to equity crowdfunding, the current regulations do not guarantee full legal protection especially for investors. Penerbit equity serta penyelenggara platform juga perlu mendapatkan kepastian hukum dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan telah menerbitkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) Nomor 37/POJK.04/2018 tentang Layanan Urun Dana Melalui Penawaran Saham Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Equity Crowdfunding). Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana konstruksi hubungan hukum serta perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak dalam equity crowdfunding di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan terkait permasalahan hukum yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa para pihak dalam penyelenggaraan equity crowdfunding, yaitu penerbit saham, penyelenggara, dan pemodal, ketiganya memiliki hubungan hukum yang lahir berdasarkan perjanjian maupun peraturan perundang-undangan. Meskipun OJK telah menerbitkan peraturan terkait equity crowdfunding, pengaturan yang ada saat ini belum memberikan jaminan perlindungan hukum sepenuhnya khususnya bagi pemodal.
Kebijakan Hukum Match Fixing Pada Sepak Bola Indonesia: Studi Perbandingan Australia dan Jerman Vicko Taniady; Dina Tsalist Wildana; Reni Putri Anggraeni; Novi Wahyu Riwayanti
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i02.p08

Abstract

Match fixing often colors football in various worlds, including Indonesia. Match fixing is motivated by bribery transactions. This study will explain the match fixing arrangements in various countries, particularly in Indonesia, Australia, and Germany, to provide and build an ius constituendum in the future, especially related to legal subjects, criminal acts, and punishments. The research method in this paper is normative law with a normative and legislative approach and a match fixing policy on comparative law in Indonesia, Australia, and Germany. This study shows that match fixing regulations in Indonesia are still relatively weak, which increases match fixing actions. This can be seen from the regulation of the Criminal Code, which still does not comprehensively regulate the proper legal subjects, and the weakness of the sentences imposed. If you look at the country of Australia, the country has a special regulation to regulate match-fixing called the National Match-Fixing Policy in Sport which was passed in 2011. On the other hand, Germany was an initially prosperous country with score-fixing; the syndicate was able to deal with match-fixing issues with amendments. German Penal Code and Co-founded against match-fixing – a game does not fix program focused on preventive measures, workshops, rules and regulations, ombudsman, and monitoring. By looking at the policies taken by Australia and Germany, it should be a guideline for Indonesia in eradicating the crime of match-fixing. Match fixing sebagai tindakan pengaturan skor kerap mewarnai olahraga sepak bola diberbagai dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Match fixing dilatarbelakangi oleh transaksi suap. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan pengaturan match fixing diberbagai negara terkhusus di Indonesia, Australia dan Jerman dalam rangka memberikan dan membangun ius constituendum ke depan khususnya terkait subyek hukum, tindak pidana dan pemidanaan. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah hukum normatif dengan menggunakan hukum normatif dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan comparative law kebijakan match fixing di Indonesia, Australia dan Jerman. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa pengaturan tindakan match fixing di Indonesia masih tergolong lemah, yang mengakibatkan semakin meningkatnya tindakan match fixing. Hal tersebut terbukti dari pengaturan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Suap yang masih belum mengatur secara komprehensif subjek hukum yang jelas, dan lemahnya hukuman yang dijatuhkan. Apabila melihat negara Australia, negara tersebut memiliki regulasi khusus untuk menangani match fixing yang bernama National Policy on Match Fixing in Sport yang disahkan pada tahun 2011. Di sisi lain, Jerman sebagai negara yang awalnya marak dengan sindikat match fixing mampu menghadapi masalah match fixing dengan amandemen The Germany Criminal Code serta membentuk program Together against match fixing – don’t fix the game yang berfokus pada tindakan pencegahan, workshop, rules and regulation, ombudsman and monitoring. Dengan melihat kebijakan yang diambil oleh Australia dan Jerman, sudah seyogyanya menjadi pedoman bagi Indonesia dalam memberantas tindak pidana match fixing.
Rekonstruksi Penegakan Hukum Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Dan Keberlakuan Keterangan Psikiater Sebagai Keterangan Ahli Dian Fitriyani; Irma Cahyaningtyas
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i02.p13

Abstract

The limitation of a person with a disability in digesting and knowing an action can be one of the causes of an unlawful act. The purpose of this study is to find out about Indonesia’s policy in granting special rights to a person with a disability in legal proceedings in Indonesia and to find out how much influence the strength of a psychiatrist’s statement in determining criminal liability for a person with a disability is and efforts to creat progressive law for persons with disabilities. The perpetrator of the crime is a person with a disability. The research method used is normative juridical. The result show thalt basically the state’s obligation to gluarantee legal protection for a person with a disability includes 3 things, namely making regulations or laws, providing accessible facilities and infastructure and conducting various research and trlaining. In the law enforcement process to assess the ability to be responsible for a person with a disability, the judge is given the authority to present with a psychiatrist as an expert statement. In the legal process, law enforcers as far as possible prioritize justice over legal certlainty. The application of progressive law can be applied by presenting other criminal law alternatives such as conditional punishment/ postponement of criminal execution, converted to fines, replacing with social work obligations, strong reprimands, pardons from judges, imprisonment only for a certain time and conditional release Keterbatasan seorang penyandang disabilitas di dalam mencerna dan mengetahui sesuatu perbuatan dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya tindakan melawan hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengenai kebijakan Indonesia di dalam memberikan hak-hak khusus terhadap seorang penyandang disabilitas dalam proses beracara hukum di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh kekuatan Keterangan psikiater di dalam menentukan pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap seorang penyandang disabilitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasill penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pokoknya kewajiban negara di dalam menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi seorang penyandang disabilitas menclakup 3 hall, yaitu membuat regulasi atau undang-undang, menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang aksesibell dan mengadakan berbagai penelitian dan pelatihaln. Dalam proses penegakan hukum untuk menilai kemampuan bertanggungjawab pada seorang penyandang disabilitas, hakim diberikan kewenangan untuk menghadirkan seorang psikiater sebagai keterangan ahli. Dalam proses hukum, penegak hukum sejauh mungkin mengutamakan keadilan diatas kepastian hukum. Pengaplikasian hukum progresif dapat diterapkan dengan menghadirkan atenative-aternative hukum pidana lain seperti pidana bersyarat/penundaan pelaksanaan pidana, dikonversi dengan denda, mengganti dengan kewajiban kerja sosial, teguran keras, permaafan hakim, pidana halnya dalam waktu tertentu masuk penjara dan pellepasaln bersyarat
An Analysis of Femicide on Online Media Reporting in Indonesia from the Perspective of Human Security Ika Dewi Sartika Saimima; Endang Hadrian; Anggreany Haryani Putri
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i02.p04

Abstract

This article aims to explore theoretical problems related to femicide reporting that occurs in online media. There are two ways of thinking about femicides from a human security perspective; this is a form of continuous violence against women in the public sphere. Femicide that occurs in online media is an act of reporting that is carried out to gain readers without victims or their families. The next is Femicide in the sense of gender inequality in handling cases in the private sphere related to violence against women in private, such as domestic violence. A descriptive analysis method with a literature study approach and legislation is used to obtain actual data related to femicide cases in Indonesian online media. A qualitative approach is also used to analyze issues of femicide from a human security perspective. Through the Draft Criminal Code, criminal law reform is urgently needed in handling cases of violence against women. The imposition of criminal sanctions stipulated in the Criminal Code is carried out by weighing criminal sanctions plus 1/3 (one third) for perpetrators who are within the family scope. Likewise, if the perpetrator of the crime comes from a party outside the family, the criminal sanction is added by 1/3 (one-third) of the primary offense. This criminal weighting is expected to have a deterrent effect on perpetrators of violence against women.
Perolehan Tanah oleh Bank Tanah Melalui Pembelian Luh Dita Yanti; I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa Jayantiari
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i02.p09

Abstract

The goals of this research is to analyze the function of the Land Bank as a land management institute in Indonesia and the legal consequences of land acquisition by the Land Bank through purchases. The Land Bank as an institution authorized to manage land has one function to acquire land, one of which is through the purchase process. However, the purchase was not explained further, causing uncertainty regarding the land rights that can be purchased because according to law, the state cannot have Ownership Rights on Land. This research is a normative legal research using a conceptual approach and a statute approach. This research indicate that the functions of the land bank are regulated in Article 3 of PP 64/2021, namely planning, land acquisition, procurement, management, utilization, and distribution of land. This function is carried out by the Land Bank on the basis of the Management Right which is delegated as the implementation of the state's right to control the Land. The land acquisition function carried out by the Land Bank, based on PP 64/2021 can be carried out through the Purchase method. The legal consequences of land acquisition through the purchase are limited by the Management Rights it owns, that above the Management Rights can only be attached with the with Use Rights, Building Use Rights, and Cultivation Rights, so the Ownership Rights cannot be attached or owned by the Land Bank. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis fungsi Bank Tanah sebagai lembaga pengelolaan tanah di Indonesia serta akibat hukum dari perolehan tanah yang dilakukan Bank Tanah melalui pembelian. Bank Tanah sebagai lembaga yang diberi kewenangan untuk mengelola tanah memiliki salah satu fungsi untuk memperoleh tanah yang salah satunya adalah dengan proses pembelian. Namun, pembelian tersebut tidak dijelaskan lebih lanjut sehingga menimbulkan ketidakjelasan terkait hak atas tanah yang dapat dilakukan pembelian karena menurut hukum, negara tidak dapat memiliki Hak Milik atas Tanah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi Bank tanah diatur dalam Pasal 3 PP 64/2021 yaitu perencanaan, perolehan tanah, pengadaan, pengelolaan, pemanfaatan, pendistribusian tanah. Fungsi tersebut dijalankan oleh Bank Tanah atas dasar Hak Pengelolaan yang dilimpahkan sebagai implementasi hak menguasai negara atas Tanah. Fungsi perolehan tanah yang dijalankan Bank Tanah, berdasarkan PP 64/2021 dapat dilakukan melalui cara Pembelian. Akibat hukum perolehan tanah melalui pembelian tersebut adalah terbatasi oleh Hak Pengelolaan yang dimilikinya bahwa diatas Hak Pengelolaan tersebut hanya dapat dilekatkan Hak Pakai, Hak Guna Bangunan, dan Hak Guna Usaha, sehingga Hak Milik tidak dapat dilekatkan atau dimiliki Bank Tanah.
Kekuatan Mengikat Klausula Arbitrase dalam Kontrak Bisnis dari Perspektif Hukum Perjanjian Dewa Gde Rudy; I Dewa Ayu Dwi Mayasari
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 11 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2022.v11.i02.p14

Abstract

Arbitration clauses in a business contract are essentially aimed at avoiding dispute resolution through the judiciary. This paper aims to have a deeper understanding of matters concerning the binding force of the Arbitration Clause. This contract also traces the competence of the judiciary and the cancellation of the arbitration agreement (Arbitration Clause) that has been agreed upon by the parties from the start. This research uses normative law research with legislation approach and legal concept analysis approach. The results of the study show that from the perspective of Covenant Law, in particular the principle of Pacta Sund Servanda contained in the provisions of Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the Arbitration Clause has binding force like law for the parties. With the Arbitration Clause, the arbitration institution that has been chosen by the parties authorized to settle disputes and the judiciary does not have the authority to examine and resolve the dispute. The Arbitration Clause cannot be withdrawn and canceled, unless agreed by both parties. Klausula Arbitrase dalam suatu kontrak bisnis pada hakekatnya bertujuan untuk menghindari penyelesaian sengketa melalui lembaga peradilan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara lebih dalam prihal yang menyangkut kekuatan mengikat Klausula Arbitrase. Dalam kontrak ini juga ditelusuri tentang kompetensi lembaga peradilan dan pembatalan dari perjanjian arbitrase (Klausula Arbitrase) yang sudah disepakati sejak awal oleh para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Hukum Normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan analisis konsep hukum. Hasil study menunjukkan bahwa dari perspektif Hukum Perjanjian, khususnya azas Pacta Sund Servanda yang terkandung dalam ketentuan Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH Perdata, Klausula Arbitrase mempunyai kekuatan mengikat layaknya seperti undang-undang bagi pihak-pihak. Dengan adanya Klausula Arbitrase, maka lembaga arbitrase yang telah dipilih oleh para pihak yang berwenang menyelesaikan sengketa dan lembaga peradilan tidak mempunyai kewenangan untuk memeriksa dan menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut. Klausula Arbitrase tersebut tidak dapat ditarik dan dibatalkan, kecuali dengan sepakat kedua belah pihak.