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E-Journal Of Cultural Studies

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 23382449 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Cultural studies constitutes an interdisciplinary area critically discussing socio-political contexts of various cultural practices in society. Its focus is on the relation among such cultural practices and the power controlling them. Cultural studies was pioneered by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) of the University of Birmingham, England, in 1960s. Unlike what has been a tradition in the modern epistemology, cultural studies is concerned with what human emancipation aims at. Therefore, cultural studies does not only refer to a theoretical-conceptual matter but also to the location and critical action in which it manifests itself.

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Articles 271 Documents

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THE MATTER PERTAINING TO THE POSTMODERN TOURIST PRODUCTS REPRESENTING THE AREA OF THE OLD CITY OF JAKARTA Entas, Derinta; Mudana, I Gede
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 11, Number 1, February 2018
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Cultural representation from the perspective of cultural studies is the concept of production, mediation, and reception. The common people know it as production, distribution, and consumption. The main topic of the present study is the appearance of the past in its current form. The appearance of the past using the cultural capital of the area is raised and packaged with new forms and meanings. The study focuses on the forms of the postmodern tourist products which represent the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The study uses the qualitative method in which the forms of the postmodern tourist products representing the area of the Old City of Jakarta are simply analyzed. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed interpretatively using the theory of cultural representation. The result of the study shows that the postmodern tourist products represent the area of the Old City of Jakarta in the forms of the production process, distribution process, and consumption process. They all strengthen the forms of the postmodern tourism products representing the area of the Old City of Jakarta. The products include City Tour, Heritage Trails; Junior Heritage Trails: Fun Learning in History; Sunda Kelapa Cycling Tour; Kampung Arab Cycling Tour; Marine Tourism (Wisata Bahari): Sunda Kelapa Harbour and Onrust Island; Jakarta Heritage Trails: Free Old City Tour; Chinatown Journey Experience Through The Eyes of History; Old City Adventure (Kelana Kota Tua); Going Along the Fortress of Batavia City; Jakarta Urban Legend Tour; Past Time Trip (Plesiran Tempoe Doeloe). The different tourist products have been created by the tourism agents, and are packaged in such a way starting from historical facts to mythological stories that they all have enriched the tourist attractions in the Old City of Jakarta.

MARGINALIZATION OF FEMALE TEACHERS IN THE APPOINMENT OF HEADMASTERS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN DENPASAR CITY Citrawan, I Wayan
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 6, Number 2, Agustus 2013
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Partiality between male and female teachers in regard to the appointment of the headmasters of public schools in Denpasar has taken place. This study was intended to understand the matters pertaining to the marginalization of female teachers in the appointment of the headmasters of public schools in Denpasar City.The data were obtained using the techniques of observation, in-depth interview, and documentation study. The data were descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretatively analyzed. The theories used were the theories of Feminism, Hegemony,Theory of Power/Knowledge, and Deconstruction. The results of the study were as follows. The government regulation was not optimally applied. The female teachers were considered having insufficient capability. They were still regarded as the second in the selection process, and they were assumed to be in the domestic domain; as a result, the access to their development was obstructed. The internal factors included competition and commitment and the external ones included patriarchal ideology, the government policy and less support from their colleagues and administrative staff at the schools where they work. The impacts of the marginalization of the female teachers were that they intended to improve themselves and to submit to their fate. The other impact was that they got disappointed and obstructed to realize gender impartiality. Philosophically, the marginalization of the female teachers meant that there was no gender partiality and self actualization.

THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS CULTURAL INDUSTRIAL POWER RELATION OF THE WOODEN STATUE ARTISANS AT KEMENUH VILLAGE, SUKAWATI, BALI Mardika, I Made
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 3, August 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

It is important to deconstruct the development of the mass wooden statue industry at Kemenuh, Sukawati District, Gianyar, Bali. The reason is that the artisans are presumed to have been marginalized by capital strength. This present study is intended to answer the ideology which has inspired the mass wooden statue industry, the power practice performed by the agencies, and its implication on the life of the artisans. The study used the approach of cultural studies and the critical social theories. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study shows that, first, the ideology which has inspired the artisans to develop the mass wooden statue industry is the ‘great’ capitalistic ideology which is mixed with the Balinese ideology, causing the synthetic and pluralistic ideology to be formed. Second, the hierarchical and symmetrical power practice performed by the agencies. The capital owners, distributors and consumers dominate and exploit the artisans. Third, the mass cultural industry has economically, socially and culturally affected the life of the artisans. However, their economy has been better but they are getting marginalized; their gender equality is getting stronger but their traditional social structure is getting instable; and their art creativity has improved but the connotation of their mass culture is getting lower.

DEMOCRACY AND AUTONOMY TRANSFORMATION IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MENGWI VILLAGE IN THE TRANSITION ERA: A CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE Suacana, I Wayan Gede; Paramartha, I Gde; Yudha Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde; Pasek Diantha, Made
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This study discusses “Democra cy and Autonomy Transformation in theGovernance of Mengwi Village in the Transition Era: A Cultural StudiesPerspective”. The problem investigated was the shift in the nation’s approach to thepolicy of villages after the reign of New Order. In this era, the policy ofdemocratization and decentralization appeared till the village level. However, thepolicy was not totally implemented in the villages. The aims of this study are: todescribe democracy transformation in the village governance in the transition era, toclarify autonomy transformation in the village governance in the transition era, and toanalyze the implication and the sense of democracy and autonomy transfor mation tothe development of village governance.This study was conducted employing qualitative method. Various forms ofdemocracy and autonomy transformation in the village governance took place duringthe transition era. In the first stage, the primary and secondary data were collected. Inthe second stage, the theory applied for examining the data was chosen, and in thethird stage, the collected and classified data were analyzed and interpreted. In thefourth stage the results of the study were reported and constructed. The theoriesapplied in this study include; democracy, political democracy, substantial democracy,decentrali zation and political culture. The approaches applied were Tranpolitic andpost-structuralism.The results of the study showed that; first, the village democracy in the firsttransition era (1998-1999) was mostly still uniform, and there were not many choicesin the implementation of the village democracy. The village autonomy was stillblocked in centralistic pattern, homogeneous with hierarchical structure. Second, inthe second transition era (2000-2004) the role of the village representatives became sodemocratic accompanied by the extended village autonomy. Third, in the thirdtransition era (2005-2008) democracy became retransformed to the procedural patternaccompanied by the strengthening of supra village government power decreasing theautonomy of the villages. Fourth, democracy and autonomy transformationcontributed to the demand for the strengthening of democracy institutions, bettercommunity participation and more accountable public services, transparence and responsiveness to what was needed by the people. Fifth, democracy and villageautonomy transformation, in addition to having the sense of involving the activeparticipation of the society in the village governance, also had the sense ofstrengthening the civil and political society in every village social organization whichactualized what was needed by the society. This condition at the same timefunctioned as the responses to nation’s hegemony through the supra villagegovernment which took place until the first transition era.

RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGY OF THE TRADITION OF MAKOTEK IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION Pradana, Gede Yoga Kharisma; Suarka, I Nyoman; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Dhana, I Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 1 (2016): Volume 9, Number 1, February 2016
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Makotek is a cultural tradition which is performed as a ritual to ward off misfortune by the people living at Munggu Village, Badung Regency. It is performed once in six months, namely, every Kuningan Feast Day. It has been inherited from generation to generation as an oral tradition. In the era of globalization, many parties and cultural components are involved in its performance. It is still performed until now. However, the people living at Munggu Village do not close themselves to modernity. The data were collected through observation, interview, library research and documentary techniques. The informants were determined using the purposive and snowball technique. All the data were analyzed in order to draw conclusions. The result of the study shows that the religious ideology which has inspired the people living at Munggu Traditional Village to perform the tradition of Makotek. Ideologically, they believe that by performing the tradition of Makotek, they can protect their resources and the human unity in the middle of the social dynamics in the era of globalization. It is performed in stages, in accordance with the tradition they have adhered to since a long time ago. The performance of the tradition of Makotek at Munggu Village has been able to strengthen their belief in the existence of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi, Almighty God. In addition, such a religious practice is the supernatural source of happiness and health as it is believed to be able ward off misfortune.

PARADOX OF POVERTY IN VILLAGE Ubud Sudipa, I Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 7, Number 3, Agustus 2014
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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The research raises poverty as a social reality in the middle of the sparkling tourism in Ubud Village . This study focused on the discussion : ( 1 ) why is there poverty , ( 2 ) what efforts the government and other agencies to reduce poverty , and ( 3 ) how the effects of poverty are emerging . This study used qualitative methods . Data obtained through observation , interviews , and documentation . The results showed , poverty in the village of Ubud , which is caused by external factors such as government policy reference data, which is not clear , the lack of proper diagnosis , addressing poverty is not integrated and overlapping , and the failure of tourism development policies . External factors supported internal factors , namely the economic constraints , resources , and socio-cultural pressures , lifestyle , consumer behavior , asset ownership , land , and the cost of customs and rituals . Government efforts made ??through the program financially and non- financially poverty reduction through policy or regulation , mentoring , and training . NGOs make efforts to non - financially as a companion , mediator , facilitator and prepare sosial.Dampak mapping poverty in the village of Ubud is to reduce public confidence in the government , social conflict , and economic conflicts . The impact on tourism is tourism failing to provide social welfare . The impact for the community is resulting in social inequality , conflict , rising crime , and the inheritance of poverty

THE DECONSTRUCTIVE SEMIOTICS OF FISHING MANTRA DICTION IN THE BAJO ETHNICS Rita Lindayani, Lilik; Suarka, I Nyoman; Cika, I Wayan; Kebayantini, Ni Luh Nyoman; Putra, Ansor; Samsul, Samsul; Maliudin, Maliudin
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 11, Number 4, November 2018
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Language is a form of human emergency sensitivity to the situation around it. If observed, if the linguistic position is in the semiotic point pattern, then natural signs can be a form of verbal power. Accompanying Nietzsche's thoughts on a strategy he calls "geneology" in historicism, in order to observe the traditions of creativity that exist in society, Nietzsche believes that every creation has a special set of interests for a particular location or context. The Bajo people as a sea tribe in general, including ethnic Bajo who inhabit Katela Island in West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi also establish this creative process in the copyright mantra, which is in the form of sea spells arranged in diction and symbols on signs and codes given by nature. The significant process occurs when spells as something that is believed by the Bajo people in fishing activities have many functions. This study adopts Derrida's Deconstruction theory, in Derrida's view, the core location of deconstruction is deconstruction related to language. If conventional semiotics emphasizes the signification process, namely the functioning of the sign as a reflection of established social codes, then in the poststructuralist semiotics which is emphasized is a significant process, namely a creative creation of signs and codes without and without limited. Keywords: Deconstructive Semiotics, Sea Mantra Dictation, and Bajo Ethnicity

POLITICAL COERCION IN THE REFORMATION ERA IN BULELENG REGENCY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES Made Suputra, Pande; Bawa Atmadja, I Nengah; Parimartha, I Gede; Ardika, I Wayan
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 5, No. 2 Juli 2011
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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During the reformation era much political coercion took place in Buleleng Regency, Bali.Such political coercion occured repeatedly in the general election referred to as Pemiluconducted in 1999 and 2004, and in the election conducted to directly vote for district headsreferred to as Pilkada in 2007. It is interesting to investigate this phenomenon. The problems inthis study are formulated as follows: (1) what factors causing political coercion to take place inthe general election and in the election conducted to directly vote for district heads; (2) how ittook place; and 3) what ideology leading to it and what implications it had on the socio-cultureof the people living in Buleleng Regency?The practical theory, the theory of coercion and the theory of ideology were eclecticallyadopted to establish and analyze concepts. Qualitative method is employed and the data neededwere collected by observation, in-depth interview, and documentation study.The results of the study show: first, the factors causing political coercion to take placevaried; second, six cases of political coercion in Buleleng Regency did not take place suddenly,but through processes and were related to the cultural coercion inherent within local individualsand groups; third, they took place through semiologic deconstruction related to themeaningfulness provided by the common people and political elites to the ‘pemilu and pilkada’.Thus, the ideologies responsible for political coercion were paternalism, binary opposition ,pragmatism and ‘premanisme’ (the broker of coercion) ; fourth, the implications the cases ofpolitical coercion had on the people in Buleleng Regency were: the pattern of kinship becamebroken, the culture of physical coercion shifted to the culture of symbolic and economiccoercion; a new consensus was established.The conclusions withdrawn in this study show that the characteristics of the politicalcoercion taking place in Buleleng Regency during the reformation era were related to the localcultural values and the pragmatic global cultural values. Such characteristics had wideimplications on the existence of national political cultural system.

THE PRACTICE OF FUNCTIONALLY CONVERTING THE IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS IN SOUTH DENPASAR DISTRICT Wirata, Gede; Merta, I Made; Kumbara, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom; Sukardja, Putu
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 1, February 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

This present study is intended to explore the phenomenon of the practice of functionally converting the irrigated rice fields in South Denpasar District. The present study focuses on the process of functionally converting the irrigated rice fields, the ideology leading to the phenomenon, and its implication on the local people. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview and documentary analysis. The data were analyzed using the theory of hegemony, the theory of social practice and some other theories which were used eclectically based on the problems analyzed. The result of the study shows that the functional conversion of the irrigated rice fields resulted from the farmers’ marginalized socio-cultural structure. The process started from the government’s hegemony. The government treated the farmers as the subaltern. Then the dominated farmers got trapped by fatalism and pragmatism. The entrepreneur and government strengthen their hegemony. Then they negotiated with the local government such as the traditional village ‘desa pakraman’ and the administrative village ‘desa dinas’ and the land owners as individuals. The farmers were too weak to resist; they failed as they did not have the capital needed for that. Such a condition could not be separated from the capitalistic ideology as the government and entrepreneur collaborated to legitimate the converting process. In addition, the local people were also trapped by the consumptive way of life. As a result, they considered that functionally converting their irrigated rice fields was a proper solution. That affected the infrastructural order. Their infrastructural order changed. Their social structure also shifted from communalism into individualism. Their ideological, legal, governmental, family and religious superstructures changed as well, causing the South Denpasar community to be getting far from the agrarian cultural root which used to be their initial characteristic.

THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA’O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This dissertation discusses the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza in the village of Guru Sina in Ngada Regency, Flores. The empiricproblems of this dissertasion are connected with the marginalized phenomenon of the local religionthat submerged in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza and its ritual practices. This probelm is relevant tobe investigated from the perspectives cultural studies.The problems raised in this study are : 1) the representation of the Divine and human beingimagery in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza, 2) the representation of the relationhip between the Divineand human being in ritual practices of Sa’o Ngaza, and 3) the meaning of the representation of theDivine and human being imagery in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza. This study applies the qualitativemethod and the data collection was done using techniques of intensive interview, participationobservation,and documentation. The data were analyzed using the theory of ritus, the theory ofprocess,the theory of semiotics, and the theory of deconstruction.The findings of the study can be explained as follows. Firstly, the representation of theDivine imagery is dyadic and triadic. In the dyadic imagery representation, The Divine is depicted as’The Giver of an Unlimited Love and at the same time as ’The Unpredictable Taker of Love’. In thetriadic representation, The Divine is depicted as The Sacred, in the attributive as ‘The Beginning’,‘The End’, and ‘The Present Throughout’. In the dyadic imagery, the human being consists of theelements of the body and the soul, and in the triadic imagery, the human being consists of theelements of the body, the psyche, and the spirit.Secondly, the relation between the Divine and human being is representatively revealed inthe ritual practices of legitimating Sa’o Ngaza. This relation centers in the methapor of relationshipbetween the simbolic body dan the religious body, and affirms the status of human being as ’thewrapper of divinity seed’ and ‘His image’.Thirdly, the meaning of the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza is sacral , spiritual, and moral. The sacral value pertains to the dinamicrelationship between the human being and the Divine in a sacral way and the sacral place. TheSpiritual value pertains to the relation intra-human being and his spiritual opened and connectedthrough inner feeling with the One Sacral in the strong effort of making the human being perfect.The moral value pertains to a good relationship among human beings themselves in accordance withtheir norms of community.The findings of the study enrich the theory of process about the concept of the Divine fromWhitehead and contrast with the theory of ritus as the choreography of violence from Smedal. In theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza, there is a unique concept of human being in the design of ulu palicarvings, which describes the ideology of leadership in the local tradition. The finding of thisconcept can become the model of implementation of the decostruction theory and the semiotictheory which removes and deconstructs binary opposition between the leader (ulu) and the follower(eko).

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